This article is devoted to the analysis of Ukrainian and Chinese numerals in their secondary semiotic cultural-symbolic meaning. The impetus for writing this article was the jubilee date – the 95th birthday of the famous Ukrainian linguist – Tetyana Borysivna Lukinova, whose entire life is connected with academic science. It is widely known that her doctoral monograph “Numerals in Slavic Languages” (2000) laid the foundations of Ukrainian comparative-historical Slavic studies in the field of numerals, but little is known in the linguistic world about the author’s contribution into linguistic culturology. The proposed article is an attempt to fill this gap. In its framework, Ukrainian and Chinese numerals are considered in a comparative mode, mainly from 1 to 10, on the ground of the linguoculturogical analysis of Ukrainian numerals, already made by Tetyana Borysivna. The purpose of the article is to clarify the cultural lacunae and discrepancies in the sacred numerical code of two rather distant linguocultures (of course, against the background of their archetypally determined commonalities). The realization of this goal has not only theoretical, but also practical significance: in the modern globalized world, there are still cultural national ethnic differences, which can sometimes become an obstacle to effective international communication. Among other language codes, the numerical one is considered the most important, since ancient times, the number has been considered to have a certain mystical side, which is a carrier of knowledge about the deep essence and nature of things, shut for the human mind. The perspective of this exploration can be, on the one hand, a comparison of the cultural significance of the numerical code from 1 to 10 in Chinese and other Slavic languages (Polish, Czech, Slovenian, etc.), and on the other hand, an expansion of the research material in the numerical sphere.

The current paper has sought to look at the etymology and derivational capacity of the sub-concept ΜΑΝΙΑ, which belongs to the group of sub-concepts ΝΟΣΟΣ, ΑΣΘΕΝΕΙΑ and ΑΡΡΩΣΤΙΑ that make up the core of the macro-concept DISEASE in the ancient Greek language. The result displays that the root μαν- in ancient Greek can be traced back to the Indo-European root *men-/man and refers to the mental sphere. This conclusion is supported by the analysis of derivatives existing in some Indo-European languages. Following the line of thought that studying the derivational capacity is of crucial importance for the analysis of the chosen sub-concept, the paper singles out 28 derivatives formed from the verbal root μαν- with the meaning of mental disorder. The head of all derivatives that evolved from the mentioned root is the noun ἡ μανία and the verb μαίνομαι which belong to the archaic layer of the Greek lexicon. The majority of derived lexemes are represented by adjectives (14 units) and verbs (12 units). A lot of compound adjectives contain –μανης as the second component and the number of such compounds increased from the Hellenistic era onwards. The paper substantiates that when these adjectives realize the nuclear seme “excessive addiction” it combines with the semes of the first component that commonly serve to express the cause of state. Suffixation and stem compounding that are generally typical for nominal parts of speech (nouns, adjectives) were discovered to be the principal types of word formation. Prefixation was less common and was characteristic of verbs. The research findings illustrate how prefixes partially modify the meaning of primary stems and provide new coinages with additional shades of intensity, relationality, directiveness, sociativity. The semantics of derivatives is motivated by the meaning of the initial stem – “presence of mental deviations”, which later developed into the seme of “inadequacy of behavior”, “exaltation” and “inspiration”. All derivatives maintain close semantic ties with the initial stem.

The authors of this article aimed to point out the differences in lexis and grammatical constructions between the varieties of Spanish spoken in Spain and Latin American countries. In order to obtain the most authoritative material the authors used the answers of respondents from six countries: Argentina, Chile, Spain, Colombia, Mexico, and Venezuela. They made this choice because of the mentioned countries’ geographical location as well as the anticipated influence of other languages due to migration processes. This allowed the authors to show a lot of variety in the respondents’ choice of specific words and sentence constructions. The article also discusses the voseo phenomenon, the rioplatense dialect, and phonetic differences between them. They demonstrated the lexical, grammatical, and sociolinguistic differences between the varieties of Spanish.

This paper provides a novel analysis of plural marker–menin Mandarin as a modifier: –mendoes not realize a head such as Num(ber); rather, it adjoins to a DP in the nominal structure. The proposed analysis can account for defining properties of –menas a modifier, such as the interpretation of a bare noun with respect to –men, lack of agreement, co‐occurrence with a classifier, and so on, which cannot be accounted for by the previous approaches that view –menas realizing a head, such as Num, in the nominal projection. The consequences of this paper support the recent view that the syntax of plural markers is not homogeneous but heterogeneous.

Abstract Kind level predicates of events such asthree times, the third time, andoccasionallycan occur as a predicate of an independent predication, or appear as an adverbial, with an event kind‐denoting expression as their argument. The reduced forms of such predicates can surface inside a nominal of another predication, e.g.,Four thousandships passed through the lock last year; Susi bought asecondguitar, andAnoccasionalsailor strolled by. This paper argues that these predicates are displaced from their base‐positions so that an event kind‐denoting expression in the verbal category can be merged as the subject in the event‐kind predication. The proposed overt movement displaces the categorial features of an expression, leaving its semantic features in situ, an operation symmetrical to a covert movement, which displaces the semantic features without categorial features.

Abstract This article shows how the unearthing of new historical data on a language can contribute to diachronic studies and language reconstruction. †Old Zamuco is an extinct Zamucoan language, for which the only extant dictionary was recently rediscovered. This dictionary is the main source on the language and is very rich in morphological information. In particular, it contains many new verb paradigms with previously undescribed or only conjectured characteristics. These features were analyzed in order to compare them with the present‐day Zamucoan languages, Ayoreo and Chamacoco. This gave us the opportunity to formulate hypotheses on the historical development of Zamucoan verb morphology and to improve the already available reconstruction of Proto‐Zamucoan verb inflection.

The article analyzes the features of Greek prefixation as one of the ways of affix word formation. In order to reveal the complete picture concerning the origin of specific prefixes, their morphological and semantic changes in comparison with the ancient Greek language, and to reveal the emergence of new affixes, besides the synchronic the diachronic approach was used in the work. On the basis of the main theoretical concepts of word-forming paradigmatics several word-forming types and paradigms, possible structural models of derivatives in Greek are considered. Greek prefixes are divided into two types: inseparable and autonomous in origin (homonymous prepositions or adverbs that function independently in Greek). Among the autonomous units prefixes of prepositional origin are the most numerous. The process of prefixization is divided into pure prefixation and prefixation-suffixational / inflectional method. Greek pure prefixation is identified with compounding due to the same formal and functional features. Derivatives formed by the other method usually transmit the forming base into another grammatical category with the appropriate lexical meaning. The process of prefixization depends on both prefixes and the forming stem. Greek forming stems of prefixational derivatives are classified into free and bound. Prefixes can be combined with different classes of words. The greatest variety of prefixes of prepositional origin, as noted in the paper, is combined with verbs, and inseparable particles – mostly with noun bases. Due to the secondary derivation a double prefixation of the forming stem can take place. Besides the systematization of the main features of Greek prefixes, the article analyzes the evolution of prefixization on the basis of five types of prefixes. In the result of reconsideration, as noted in the paper, prefixes or prefixoids were formed on the basis of both grammatical and lexical elements.

The article deals with the analysis of two versions of a traditional ballad of the walled-up wife, widespread among the peoples of the Balkans and Asia Minor, recorded in the folklore of one of the national minorities of Ukraine – the Rumei Greeks. Linguistic analysis of text samples allows the author to trace the possible influences and cultural ties of the Azov Greeks with the metropolis. Structural-semantic and linguo-stylistic analysis of the Rumeic variants of the ballad demonstrated their pre-Azovian and pre-Crimean origins. One of the texts contains the motive, which is typical for the Pontic versions of the ballad. The language of both analyzed texts is dialectal, the Rumeika / Mariupol Greek, while it also has certain features of Demotic Greek, which can be explained not only by the archaic origin of the song, but also by the influence of Demotic Greek on Mariupol Greek already during the Azov period, when the policy of Hellenization of the Greek population of Ukraine was introduced in 1926-1938. It was concluded that the short period in the history of the Azov Greeks, when they gained access to the common Greek cultural tradition through the study of Demotic Greek and literature in it, had a certain influence on their language and folk poetry.