ABSTRACT Environmental protection has become increasingly critical due to challenges such as global warming, air pollution, and threats to human health and ecosystems. This study assesses environmental impacts of a hollow steel roof structure using a cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment. Data were collected through interviews, a site visit to a steel structure with waffle slabs in Isfahan, and the Ecoinvent database within SimaPro software. Analysis using the ReCiPe 2016 Endpoint (H) method showed that steel beams and columns had the highest impact score of 36.36, followed by aluminum with 5.25 and concrete with 4.76, affecting human health, ecosystem quality, and resource depletion. In contrast, recycling polyethylene, glass, and steel resulted in lower impact scores of 1.68, 1.3, and 0.9. Monte Carlo analysis revealed uncertainties related to water quality, human health, and ecosystem integrity. The results emphasize recycling, circular economy strategies, and life cycle assessment in reducing construction environmental impacts.

ABSTRACT The substantial contribution of urban activities to global warming through greenhouse gas emissions highlights cities’ critical role in promoting smart, sustainable, and resilient development. This paper aims to elucidate the key features that incorporate sustainable, smart, and resilient city development and examine emerging trends and concepts. This study analysed 524 bibliographic publications from 2015 to 2025 using the PRISMA method, combining bibliometrics, statistics, and visualisation tools. In total, 132 articles were evaluated, identifying six (6) key features for creating resilient, smart, and sustainable cities. Asia, the United States, and Europe contributed most to peer-reviewed studies between 2018 and 2025. A growing body of literature published in Scopus and Web of Science converges on six interlinked domains: economy, people and society, mobility, natural environment, energy and waste, and governance. The study presents current research trends and key features integrating sustainability, smart technologies, and resilient city development.

ABSTRACT Mitigation spending could be allocated to minimize total monetary damage or to minimize the number of households facing severe cost burden. We present a scalable, high-resolution method which informs both objectives by evaluating expected damages for individual households. Across six hurricane-prone states in the United States, we identify 712 thousand households that face being priced out by hazard repairs, herein referred to as severe cost burden and defined as expected damages exceeding one-quarter of annual income. Socially vulnerable groups are overrepresented among these households, specifically those that are below the poverty line, are single-parent households, belong to minorities, live in mobile homes, and/or include a member with disability. We characterize a disaster risk reduction policy for Miami-Dade County, FL that addresses all avoidable price-out and the majority of avoidable monetary damage while selecting roughly the same number of residences that would be selected if the only criteria were addressing the latter.

ABSTRACT The present study examines, for the first time, the combined effects of structural systems and skew angles on the seismic response of multi-span reinforced concrete I-girder bridges. For this purpose, two prevalent superstructure systems, namely, multi-span simply supported and multi-span continuous, are considered. For each system, the boundary conditions at the superstructure–substructure interface are modeled assuming elastomeric bearings with steel dowels. In the case of the multi-span continuous systems, two more commonly applied types of bent-to-deck connections are considered, including pinned connectivity and elastomeric bearings without steel dowels. To account for the irregularity, five skew angles ranging from 0° to 60° are also considered. Probabilistic seismic demand models are developed for key components, such as columns and bearings, and subsequently, component- and system-level fragility curves are generated. The results reveal that skew angle variation can influence the bridge system fragility by up to 40% across different structural systems.

ABSTRACT Risk prediction is a vital aspect of construction project management. It involves identifying, assessing and managing potential risks that may arise during a project’s lifecycle. Construction projects are often impacted by exterior factors and unforeseen events that are beyond the regulator of project managers. These can comprise, economic downturns, natural disasters, supply chain disruptions and changes in government regulations. The key challenges in managing a construction project is predicting and mitigating potential risks. The dynamic and unpredictable nature of the construction industry presents significant limitations to accurate risk prediction in projects. They are influenced by multitude of external factors such as weather conditions, economic changes and political instability. Predicting risks in construction projects is often time-consuming and costly process. It requires substantial quantity of capitals comprising skilled personnel, phase and financial investment. Inherent nature of construction projects, lack of comprehensive data, human factor and traditional reactive approach to risk management are some of the primary limitations. To overcome these limitations, there is a need for collective and data-driven method to risk assessment and administration. Forthcoming of predicting risks in construction projects is moving towards a more proactive, data-driven and collaborative approach. The use of technologies based on Artificial Intelligence (AI), Building Information Modelling (BIM) and drones will play a significant role in identifying and mitigating risks. By harnessing the power of AI, ML, BIM, drones, data analytics and virtual and augmented reality, project managers can accurately assess threats and advance operative strategies of mitigation.

ABSTRACT This study evaluates the water use efficiency (WUE) implementing under two approaches: i) reduction of water losses and the installation of low-consumption plumbing fixtures, and ii) Water savings analysis including , network Additional capacity, Reduction in per capita water consumption and the Investment (WARI). Hydraulic modeling was performed in the water distribution network of the campus of Universidad de Ibagué using EPANETv2.2, which supplies 5,172 people through 3,499.7 m of pipes during an analysis period of 48 months. The selection process for water-saving plumbing fixtures was carried out using the Analytical Hierarchy Process approach. The results indicate that WUE contributes to reducing water consumption by up to 47.8% and achieving a hydraulic capacity extension of the network of up to 67.0%, which is equivalent to extending pipes life cycle by up to 20 more years. WARI analysis is useful for water resource planners in decision-making processes within an economic and environmental sustainability framework.

ABSTRACT In this study, the effect of rutting damage, including rutting depth (RD) and rutting width (RW), was investigated in horizontal curves with different longitudinal slopes (G) and driver behaviors, including speed (S), controllability, and various scenarios with braking (WB) and no braking (NB), on the lateral friction coefficient of different vehicles using vehicle dynamic modeling. Finally, a multiple regression model was presented for the lateral friction coefficient of vehicles. The results showed that RD, RW, S, and G had the most significant effect on road safety, respectively, which also depended on the dynamic and geometric characteristics and vehicle type. Also, the WB scenario had a higher lateral friction coefficient than the NB scenario, thus, a decrease in safety resulted in this case. The insights gained underscore the importance of integrating pavement condition assessments into road safety evaluations, paving the way for enhanced infrastructure design and maintenance strategies that prioritize safety.

ABSTRACT Due to climatic changes, the probability of occurrence and the intensity of extreme weather events increase day by day which leads to power outages. The probability of failure events is calculated using Monte Carlo simulation technique which is used to identify the most frequent failure events. The least eigenvalues of the inverse reduced Jacobian matrix decide the sensitive buses for load shedding using V-Q sensitivity analysis. This work presents the multi-objective differential evolution (MODE) algorithm for solving resilient constrained optimal power flow (RCOPF) in a deregulated power system. The control variables namely the real power of generators in a base case and under event, generator bus voltage magnitude, the real and reactive power demand of the selected load buses, tap settings and capacitor bank ratings. This algorithm is validated in IEEE 30 bus test system and the Indian 62 bus utility test system to show the effectiveness in four different cases including tie lines and distributed generation.

ABSTRACT This study conducted during the fiscal year of 2022–2023 endeavors to offer waste generation rates (WGR) for different Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) materials and analyze the financial and environmental benefits of CDW recycling at a national level. Findings from the study reveal that CDW in Bangladesh mainly consists of concrete (56%), brick (15%), mortar (9%), metal (6%), and ceramics (6%). Additionally, the collective CDW produced in six major cities studied totals 3.71 million tons (MT). The WGR of CDW is assessed through regression analysis. The mean WGR for Construction and Demolition activities in the fiscal year 2022–2023 are notably recorded at 64.68 kg/m2 and 1626.97 kg/m2, correspondingly for the 12 city corporations. The study highlights the potential for entrepreneurial initiatives in recycling materials like concrete, brick, mortar, metal, ceramics, and timber, leading to reduced CO2 emissions and energy consumption. The estimated economic value of recycling concrete, brick, and metals in major cities is approximately 104.5 million USD and 0.45 MT of CO2 reduction from recycling brick and metals from major cities.

ABSTRACT In the context of climate change, sea level rise and land planning, systemic approaches based on resilience principles are required for the adaptation of coastal areas. In this paper, a new conceptual framework is proposed in which an area and its flood protection system are considered to be two nested social-ecological systems (SESs). Other types of networks of structures, especially transportation infrastructure (ports and waterways, roads and railways) can also be represented, in relation to the areas where they are located, as nested SESs. This conceptual framework, based mainly on the concept of social-ecological resilience, is recommended to develop a common adaptation strategy shared between infrastructure managers and land use planners. It also allows the complementary use of the concepts of technical, ecological and social resilience by different actors to meet specific objectives, which may concern the management of natural or anthropogenic structures or the revision of institutions.