Abstract Myrmeleontini is a widespread antlion tribe within the lacewing family Myrmeleontidae, well known for its larvae building cone‐shaped pits in sandy soil to trap prey. The monophyly of the tribe is well supported, but the monophyly of many genera within the tribe as well as the definition of the genus Myrmeleon Linnaeus has long been questioned. Here, we present a phylogenomic analysis of Myrmeleontini with emphasis on the Eurasian fauna, using ultraconserved elements (UCE) data. Our results recovered Myrmeleon as a diverse grade, with Baliga Navás, Callistoleon Banks, Euroleon Esben‐Petersen, Hagenomyia Banks and Megistoleon Navás deeply nested within it. Based on our sampling of type species of many genera (including those synonymized with Myrmeleon ) and detailed morphological comparisons, we provide a new phylogeny‐based classification of Myrmeleontini. Accordingly, Myrmeleon s. str . only refers to the formerly recognized M. formicarius group from Palaearctic region. The status of 12 genera that were previously considered as junior synonyms of Myrmeleon is restored (i.e., Banyaleon Zheng & Liu nom. n ., Bordus Navás stat. rev ., Callistoleon Banks stat. rev ., Cocius Navás stat. rev ., Enza Navás stat. rev ., Macroleon Banks stat. rev ., Moreyus Navás stat. rev ., Morter Navás stat. rev ., Neleon Navás stat. rev ., Neseurus Navás stat. rev ., Myrmeleodes Navás stat. rev . and Tafanerus Navás stat rev .), while Neohornius stat. rev ., previously treated as a subgenus of Myrmeleon, is herein elevated to genus. Additionally, based on comprehensive sampling from the Oriental region, five new genera from this region are described, that is, Ancyroleon Zheng & Liu gen. n ., Baligaptes Zheng & Liu gen. n . Melanobaliga Zheng & Liu gen. n ., Orientaleon Zheng & Liu gen. n . and Sinobaliga Zheng & Liu gen. n .

Abstract Typhlocybinae is one of the most diverse groups of leafhoppers, constituting an important component of phytophagous insect diversity. The traditional tribal‐level phylogenetic relationships within this subfamily remain contentious, with differing hypotheses implying distinct evolutionary histories. This study contributes to resolving these controversies using phylogenomics. We newly sequenced low‐coverage whole genomes for 54 species spanning the six classic tribes of Typhlocybinae. From these data, we extracted thousands of universal single‐copy orthologs (USCOs) and ultraconserved elements (UCEs). Robust tribal‐level phylogenies were reconstructed using multiple dataset matrices (USCO50, USCO70, USCO90, USCO_fna, ClipKIT_USCO70, UCE_fna) and tree‐building strategies, including partitioned maximum likelihood with homogeneous models, unpartitioned heterogeneous mixture models and the multi‐species coalescent (MSC) model. A particular focus was placed on elucidating the complex taxonomic status between Zyginellini and Typhlocybini, integrating molecular results with morphological evidence. Our findings indicate that the choice of molecular marker type and modelling methods can influence the inferred tribal‐level relationships. Data filtering improves tribal‐level support. The final analyses reveal that Zyginellini is not monophyletic but is intermixed with Typhlocybini, although some Zyginellini lineages appear to have originated earlier than the Old World Typhlocybini. The other four tribes of Typhlocybinae are all monophyletic. The tribal‐level phylogenetic relationship is: ((Zyginellini_Typhlocybini) + (Dikraneurini + Erythroneurini)) + (Alebrini + Empoascini). Furthermore, integrating wing venation morphology with previous molecular evidence, we propose the Eualebrina subtribe nov. of Typhlocybini (sensu lato). This study provides unprecedented genomic‐scale data for Typhlocybinae and offers a framework to address similar phylogenetic challenges in other organisms.

Abstract Enigmatic and elusive, the darkling beetle subtribe Eurynotina Koch (Tenebrionidae: Blaptinae) is a southern African endemic composed of nearly 100 species, which prior to this study were classified within 18 genera. Over 75% of the currently recognized species are known exclusively from their small descriptive series, sometimes only by holotypes. The shortage of individual specimens makes the challenges presented by damaged material more problematic for genetic recovery, while also further hindering comprehensive morphological treatment. These shortcomings have led to this group becoming one of the least studied subtribes within the subfamily Blaptinae. To bridge data gaps caused by the scarcity of the material and produce a robust phylogeny of Eurynotina, a combination of different datasets is used: nuclear targeted enrichment (499 loci spanning 155,172 amino acids), mitochondrial (12 loci/2395 amino acids) and morphology (91 characters). All datasets were analysed separately as well as combined, which offered detailed and taxonomically comprehensive phylogenetic topologies including representatives of all known genera. As a result, the following taxonomic changes are proposed to reflect the phylogenetic topologies and introduce stability to the subtribe: Colophonexsula Lumen & Kamiński gen. nov . is erected to receive C. puerilis (Koch) comb. nov .—a species formerly classified within Colophonesthes . Subgenera Anamenederes Koch stat. nov ., Menoncotus Koch stat. nov . and Quadroncotus Koch stat. nov . are elevated to generic level. The following generic synonyms are introduced: Stridigula Koch (= Cilioncotus Koch syn. nov .); Eurynotus Kirby ( =Biolus Mulsant & Rey syn. nov . =Neosolenopistoma Bouchard & Bousquet syn. nov .). The concept of the genus Oncotus Solier sens. nov . is revised. Additionally, the following new species are described: Psectrapus byki Lumen & Kamiński sp. nov ., P. simplicimentulum Lumen & Kamiński sp. nov ., Ograbies calumnus Lumen & Kamiński sp. nov . Two new synonyms are introduced at the species level: Oncotus capensis Solier (= Oncotus capicola Koch syn. nov .); Stridigula arguta Koch (= O. humerisetosus Koch syn. nov .). Neotypes are designated for Oncotus farctus Solier, Psectrapus bipartitus Solier and Oncotus capensis Solier to fix the status of Oncotus , Psectrapus and Ograbies , respectively. The following new combinations are introduced as a result of the aforementioned taxonomic decisions: Eurynotus brunoi (Lumen & Kamiński) comb . nov ., Menoncotus chaetotaxicus (Koch) comb. nov ., M. jokli (Koch) comb. nov ., M. sinuatipes (Koch) comb. nov ., Quadroncotus irrepertus (Koch) comb. nov . and Stridigula namaquanus Koch comb. nov . The new concept of Eurynotina comprises 21 genera.

Abstract With 325 currently recognized species, Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) is the largest genus of fruit flies within the American tropics and subtropics. It also includes the most economically important pest species in the region, some that have invaded the US and others that remain serious threats to U.S. agriculture. As part of a large collaborative effort to better understand Anastrepha species diversity and interrelationships and to address the need for new genetic data for integrated identification systems, we developed a new phylogenetic tree of Anastrepha species and species groups from anchored hybrid enrichment phylogenomics to serve as a reference system and diagnostic data resource. We captured and analysed 293 orthologous nuclear loci for 728 Anastrepha individuals representing 237 species, as well as from seven outgroup Tephritidae. These data strongly support the monophyly of most of the previously recognized Anastrepha species groups, while also revealing new support for previously unknown relationships among species, some previously unassigned, and species groups. Our results confirm that the fraterculus cryptic species complex is polyphyletic and delimit 7–8 lineages, not all of which match the current morph concepts. They also suggest that the Mexican morph and Anastrepha zenildae Zucchi are conspecific. Our results provide a useful framework for understanding the history of this major radiation of fruit‐infesting flies and indicate the closest relatives of the pest species to give new perspective on their biology and behaviour. They also provide a large genome‐wide nuclear gene resource for potential use as identification markers and phylogenetic placement loci for pest and non‐pest species and populations.

Abstract We conducted the first comprehensive systematic study of the rove beetle genera forming the Platydracus group within the subtribe Staphylinina, based on Anchored Hybrid Enrichment phylogenomics targeting 1229 loci and 138 terminal taxa with a post‐analysis assessment of morphological characters. We confirmed the monophyly of this globally distributed group of 400+ described species of large and striking predatory rove beetles, further adjusted its composition and reclassified its species into 12 monophyletic genera. Four new genera are described: Bubastis gen. nov ., Lunata gen. nov . (with L. mirabilis sp. nov .), Attadracus gen. nov . and Primor gen. nov . (with P. ater sp. nov .). The composition of several genera was changed, resulting in numerous new combinations. Additionally, we propose the following new synonyms: Leistotrophus Perty stat. rev . [= Ontholestes Ganglbauer syn. nov .]; Philetaerius Sharp stat. rev . [= Thoracostrongylus Bernhauer syn. nov .]; Platydracus Thomson, C. G. stat. rev . [= Bafutella Levasseur syn. nov ., Boothia Rougemont syn. nov ., Euristus Fauvel syn. nov ., Pancarpius Bondroit syn. nov ., Paragastrisus Bernhauer syn. nov ., Saniderus Fauvel syn. nov ., Chaetodracus Müller, G. (subgenus of Platydracus ) syn. nov ., Nesiolinus Bernhauer (subgenus of Platydracus ) syn. nov ., Paraplatydracus Levasseur (subgenus of Platydracus ) syn. nov ., Poikilodracus Scheerpeltz (subgenus of Platydracus ) syn. nov .]. Lastly, Chitocompsus Bernhauer stat. rev . [= Tropoplatydracus Levasseur (subgenus of Platydracus ) syn. nov .], formerly a subgenus of Platydracus , was raised to genus level. Morphological diagnoses, using newly found and well‐illustrated characters, accompany each genus account. A key to the groups of genera within Staphylinina and to all genera within the Platydracus group is presented.

Abstract The Neotropical tribe Darnini (Hemiptera: Membracidae) includes approximately 102 species classified in 18 genera. Darnini displays marked morphological heterogeneity among its genera, and the tribe has been poorly studied compared with other treehopper groups. The tribe has been considered monophyletic due to the presence of cucullate setae on the ventral sides of the femora. A previous morphology‐based analysis placed the genera of Darnini into three groups that differ in pronotal shape, suggesting that the common ancestor of each group acquired a different defensive strategy, mimicking either bird droppings, thorns, or raindrops. To test this hypothesis, we compiled the most taxon‐ and character‐rich dataset for Darnini and related groups to date, using anchored hybrid enrichment to obtain data for 492 genetic loci comprising >133,855 nucleotide positions for a total of 51 taxa (31 Darnini species, 11 representatives of other tribes of Darninae and 9 taxa representing other subfamilies). Phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated nucleotide sequence data using Maximum Likelihood and coalescent gene tree (ASTRAL) analyses yielded similar topologies, with most branches having maximum support. The results are consistent with the hypothesis of a single acquisition of each of the three defensive pronotal syndromes early in the evolution of Darnini, but also indicate that two genera of the tribe Hemikypthini ( Hemikyptha and Atypa ) are derived within the ‘thorny’ and ‘raindrop’ groups of Darnini, consistent with their pronotal shapes. This indicates that Hemikypthini is polyphyletic and that the characters of the leg chaetotaxy used to diagnose both tribes are homoplasious. Therefore, we treat Darnini and Hemikypthini as synonyms.

Abstract Many insect groups have acquired obligate microbial symbionts, and the resulting associations can have important ecological and evolutionary consequences. A notable example among ants is the species‐rich tribe Camponotini, whose members derive nutritional benefits from a vertically inherited bacterial endosymbiont, Blochmannia. We generate ultraconserved element (UCE) phylogenomic data for 220 ingroup and 5 outgroup taxa to reconstruct a detailed evolutionary history of the Camponotini, including the inference of divergence times and dispersal events. Under multiple modes of analysis, including both concatenation and species‐tree approaches, we recover a well‐supported backbone phylogeny comprising eight lineages: three large genera (Camponotus, Colobopsis, Polyrhachis) and several smaller genera or clusters of genera. Three novel lineages are uncovered that cannot be placed in any existing genus: Lathidris gen. n., from the mountains of Mesoamerica; Retalimyrma gen. n., from the Indian Himalayas; and Uwari gen. n., from eastern Asia. The species in these new genera were described and placed erroneously in Camponotus. The tribe Camponotini is estimated to have a crown origin in the Eocene (median age 38.4 Ma), with successively younger crown ages for Colobopsis (22.5 Ma), Camponotus (18.6 Ma) and Polyrhachis (18.5 Ma). We infer an Australasian or Indomalayan origin for the tribe, with multiple dispersal events to the Afrotropics, Palearctic region, and New World. Phylogenetic analysis of selected Blochmannia genes from a subset of 97 camponotine taxa yields results that are largely congruent with the ant host phylogeny, at least for well‐supported nodes, but we find evidence that Blochmannia from some old lineages—especially Lathidris—may have discordant histories, suggesting possible lability of this symbiosis in the early evolution of camponotine ants.

Abstract Calonecrinae represent a unique but small subfamily of Nitidulidae that is endemic to South Asia. Their habitats, the South Asian lowland forests, are under the imminent threat of degradation, posing a risk of rapid extinction for these species in their specific locales. Despite the looming threat to their existence, our understanding of this enigmatic group remains limited. We conducted an examination of museum and newly collected specimens, alongside a review of the literature, which led to the discovery of a new species, Calonecrus mindanaoensis sp. nov ., from Mindanao, Philippines. Additionally, we provide detailed illustrations of various type specimens of the genus Calonecrus Thomson. For the first time, the immature stages of Calonecrinae were described based on Calonecrus jendeki , with detailed photographs including scanning electron microscopy images. Additionally, their natural history was uncovered, revealing that all life stages are uniquely adapted to complete their entire life cycle in sticky sap. We reevaluate the phylogenetic placement of the Calonecrinae based on phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial genomes. Calonecrinae positioned within the Epuraeinae clade and are phylogenetically related to the epuraeine genus Trimenus . Consequently, this study proposes reclassifying Calonecrinae as Calonecrini stat. nov ., an extremely modified tribe within the Epuraeinae. This research significantly broadens our understanding of the ecology of Calonecrini. Along with the taxonomic and phylogenetic results, we provide a solid foundation for the conservation of this group and further research into their unique habitat preferences and evolutionary behaviour.