The study explores the integration of domain-driven design (DDD) with the cloud computing framework provided by the Microsoft Azure platform. Limited research exists that connects theoretical DDD principles with practical applications in cloud environments, and this research tries to focus on how DDD concepts could be effectively implemented in PaaS and IaaS cloud models. In this regard, the main research question is: How could DDD concepts be effectively applied on the Microsoft Azure platform using .NET services? The study hypothesizes that by applying the main components of the DDD, such as event-driven patterns, aggregates, and bounded contexts, one could significantly enhance the scalability, maintainability, and efficiency of the cloud applications. The research uses a case study approach as a main research method and evaluates the practical application of DDD within the context of Microsoft Azure’s cloud models. The study finds that DDD offers significant advantages in structuring cloud-native applications, especially in the design of application and data layers. Key findings of the study suggest that DDD, when combined with Azure's cloud capabilities, can provide a robust framework for building scalable, resilient software systems, although some problems remain in aligning theoretical DDD with practical cloud development frameworks.

Artificial intelligence tools like ChatGPT can impact an individual's cognitive processes, such as thinking, learning, and problem-solving. Recent studies have explored ChatGPT in education, but they mainly rely on educator and learner surveys for feedback and report qualitative data findings. There is also a lack of controlled experiments measuring the effect of integrating ChatGPT into Adaptive E-learning Systems (AESs) on learning. This paper aims to fill this research gap by evaluating AESs incorporating ChatGPT on learning outcomes and learner satisfaction. A framework for ChatGPT-enhanced AESs was proposed. An AES was developed based on this framework and served as the primary learning platform in a controlled experiment to teach Java programming. The experiment involved 54 male first-year undergraduate students majoring in Business Administration and primarily focused on evaluating learning outcomes and learner satisfaction. The results indicated that the AES with ChatGPT led to better outcomes and higher learning satisfaction than the AES without ChatGPT. This paper discusses these findings and suggests future research directions.

The rapid development of digital landscapes has significantly transformed consumer shopping behavior, making e-commerce integral to daily life in Indonesia. Generation Z, born and raised in the digital era, represents a substantial segment of e-commerce users with impulsive buying tendencies. Although e-commerce is widely adopted, there is still a limited insight into how social presence (SP) during live streaming affects impulsive purchasing behaviors within Generation Z. This research offers an in-depth examination of how SP within e-commerce live streaming platforms influences impulsive purchasing behavior, framed by the Social Presence Theory. Data were collected through online surveys from 263 Generation Z respondents with live streaming e-commerce shopping experience. The proposed hypotheses were tested through structural equation modeling. The findings reveal that the presence of livestream hosts and their product demonstrations significantly improve perceived usefulness and positive emotions, both of which spark impulsive buying urges and actions. The study also highlights that the presence of other viewers positively affects perceived usefulness but not positive emotions.These findings emphasize the need for integrating social components into live streaming to foster interactive and emotionally gratifying shopping experiences. The research contributes to the academic field and offers practical insights for developing more effective digital marketing strategies.

The use of qualitative research in the field of management is highly important because it allows for a deeper understanding of complex phenomena and provides valuable insights that quantitative research alone cannot capture. This study, conducted through the lens of Critical Realism, employed an inductive research approach, a grounded theory research strategy, and observation as a research tool to examine the behavior and dynamics of a group of beach vendors in Greece over a span of two years. Observation was utilized as a research tool to gather rich and detailed data about the vendors’ activities, interactions, and strategies. In this study, the researchers identified four distinct types of beach vendors: breeze, lasso, midge, and dart. These categories were developed based on the observed behaviours, strategies, and characteristics of the vendors. This understanding of vendors’ product offerings provides valuable insights for management practitioners and policymakers in developing strategies to support salesforce.

This paper explores the dynamics of household energy expenditure in Georgia and emphasizing its socio-economic implications. The study employs Classification of Individual Consumption by Purpose (COICOP) for comparative analysis with other countries, aiming to analyze trends and assess the impact of energy costs on social welfare and sustainable energy management. The study utilizes both primary data collected through electronic questionnaires and secondary data from national and international sources. Quantitative analysis reveals that while Georgian households have experienced increasing average monthly incomes from 2018 to 2022, energy expenditure has also risen, albeit with a decreasing share relative to income over time. This suggests improving affordability despite ongoing challenges. Comparisons with European countries highlight significant disparities in energy expenditure as a proportion of disposable income, with Georgia recording higher percentages, reflecting lower income levels. The study further examines energy poverty using metrics such as the 2M and M/2 indicators, revealing acute challenges among low-income groups. In contrast to European countries, more low-income households in Georgia face inadequate heating, struggle to manage energy costs efficiently, and experience higher levels of energy poverty. Overall, the findings underscore the critical role of energy expenditure analysis in understanding economic disparities and shaping effective policy interventions to enhance energy efficiency and affordability in Georgia.

Ensuring information security in public sector information systems is now more important than ever. Advances in technology and information have not only made daily life easier, but also made the opportunities for cybercrimes vast and inevitable. This study aims to create a framework for evaluation that measure the maturity level of information security in information systems by integrating existing frameworks, NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) and COBIT 2019. The result of this framework development is implemented in a public sector organization called PT XYZ, which has an information system as a tool to assist in the implementation of public services. The Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) method is used to calculate the maturity level. The implemented approach resulted in information security maturity evaluation framework for information systems. This framework includes 118 activities which are divided into 23 categories. The distribution of the integration of the two frameworks contributes 61% activities, the NIST CSF contributes 8% and the COBIT 2019 framework contributes 31% activities. The measurement result of the information security maturity level in the information system at PT XYZ shows that all functions are at level 1 or the initial level. PT XYZ's low information security maturity reveals the critical need for stronger data protection and system resilience. This study introduces a novel approach to demonstrating a practical methodology for integrating two frameworks. The resulting framework enables public sector organizations to assess their security posture, identify areas for improvement, and enhance resilience against cyber threats, strengthening public service and safeguarding data.

In the current digital environment, where misinformation and cyber threats pose significant challenges, developing and implementing effective strategies to enhance digital literacy and security is essential. This study examines Slovakia's approaches to individual digital management, with a focus on policies and initiatives aimed at increasing digital literacy and strengthening cybersecurity. A comprehensive analysis of demographic and socio-economic factors, including HDI, education levels, internet access rates, and others, is utilized to identify patterns that may influence the effectiveness of these policies. Methodologies such as regression analyses and clustering are employed to identify key factors impacting citizens' digital literacy and their ability to respond effectively to cyber threats. The findings indicate that a high HDI and availability of educational resources are associated with an enhanced capacity for citizens to critically analyze and safely engage with online content. Based on the analysis, targeted educational programs are recommended to address the specific needs of different demographic groups and raise awareness of cybersecurity. Based on the analysis, targeted educational programs are recommended to address the specific needs of different demographic groups and raise awareness of cybersecurity. This approach has the potential to not only enhance individual protection against digital threats but also to strengthen overall digital literacy in society.Based on the analysis, targeted educational programs are recommended to address the specific needs of different demographic groups and raise awareness of cybersecurity. This approach has the potential to not only enhance individual protection against digital threats but also to strengthen overall digital literacy in society.Based on the analysis, targeted educational programs are recommended to address the specific needs of different demographic groups and raise awareness of cybersecurity. This approach has the potential to not only enhance individual protection against digital threats but also to strengthen overall digital literacy in society.

The study investigates metaverse technologies, artificial intelligence (AI), AI-enhanced tools, and digital competencies in education to enhance learning. A literature review highlights virtual reality, augmented reality, metaverse, and AI’s role in transforming pedagogy. A comparative analysis of Innovating Pedagogy Reports (2019-2024) identifies the evolution and trends in AI tool utilization and readiness for their practical application. The Key findings demonstrate that metaverse and AI boost student engagement and knowledge retention, yet challenges like high costs and technical requirements persist. A Chi-Square Test links higher AI competency among educators to increased online collaboration, underscoring the need for targeted training.

Social presence is a social interaction that involves emotional and psychological feelings mediated by information technology that aims to create real and meaningful communication experiences in their connectedness in the network. This research aims to construct a social presence model in online learning for economics and business preservice teachers. In theory, social presence consists of three dimensions, awareness, cognitive, and affective as exogenous. Furthermore, the quality of social presence interaction has the concepts of intimacy and immediacy as intervening. This research involved 680 economics and business preservice teachers who studied at Universitas Negeri Medan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Universitas Muslim Nusantara Al-Washliyah, and Universitas HKBP Nomensen Medan. Data collection used a questionnaire distributed randomly to the campuses involved using google forms. Data analysis uses a structural equation model through measurement and structural models via SmartPLS. Findings show that the measurement model is reflective through testing construct validity and reliability. The model structural constructed by awareness, cognitive, affective, intimacy, and immediacy has been proven through GoF testing. Implicatively, cognitive and affective significantly impact social presence through intimacy and immediacy in online learning for economics and business preservice teachers. However, effort is still needed to raise awareness for preservice teachers to accept virtual interactions immediately, which is expected to improve social presence interaction in online learning.

High-rise equipment represents a special segment and is an essential part of modern firefighting equipment. It enables rescuers to intervene safely and effectively in difficult conditions. The members of the rescue teams that operate this equipment must be trained and highly skilled in order to use this type of firefighting equipment correctly and efficiently. The article highlights the risk factors when using this equipment. For the risk factors, the article used the mixed method of risk assessment according to ISO 12100. Based on STN ISO 31000:2019, risk assessment is the overall process of risk identification, analysis and risk assessment. Risk criteria are established at the beginning of the risk assessment process, according to the standard they should be dynamic and should be continuously checked, adjusted and supplemented. When choosing a risk management option, the organization should take into account the values, perceptions, and the potential of the stakeholders. In the case of this article, it is a risk assessment in the operation of a hydraulic platform in the rescue of people in case of fire from high-rise buildings. It is based on a particular fire where a residential house explosion occurred, and the firefighters use the high-rise technique in rescuing the occupants.