Background: The adoption of Ziziphus species medicines for the treatment of inflammatory illnesses is extensive and increasing, nevertheless, the impact of the Ziziphus genus on inflammatory illnesses has not been well studied. Aim of study:- study the Antibacterial, Cytotoxicity of Ziziphus spina-christi leaves extract of in vitro and Immunological effect in vivo , Methods and material : Enterobacter cloacae was obtained from patients from patient with Orthodontics , The Ziziphus spina-christi leaves were obtained from Iraqi market then dried for extraction and 100, 150, 200 mg/ml concentrations were prepared, the experimental design included two parts , in vitro and in vivo, In virto study which estimation the antibacterial activity by agar diffusion methods and Cytotoxicity using WRL-68 cell line with neutral red uptake method, in vivo study was included four groups Group I (Control): daily intraperitoneal injections of normal saline, Group II: injected Intraperitoneal with 100 µl of 1.5 x 108 CFU / ml of E. cloacae, Group III administrated orally with 200 mg/ml of extract , Group IV injected Intraperitoneal with 100 µl of 1.5x108 CFU/ ml of E.cloacae then for 14 day administrated orally with 200 mg/ml with extract then notice the clinical signs of each group evaluation the innate immunity (neutrophil activity) by Nitro-blue tetrazollum (NBT) method , Toll Like receptors-2(TLR-2) and Adaptive immunity (Arthus reaction Delayed hypersensitivity,IL-4,IL-17,IL-10). The results: The results showed that the extract revealed a good antibacterial activity against the studied isolates (E. cloacae ) which that highest activity recorded in 200 mg/ml concentration , The cytotoxicity findings reported the IC50 value of Ziziphus Rugosa extract, which indicates the concentration at which 50% proliferation inhibition of WRL-68 cells occurs, was found to be 280 mg/ml. At the greatest concentration of the extract (200 mg/ml), the cell viability was measured to be 80.08%. On the other hand, the lowest dosage tested (6.25 mg/ml) had no effect on the cells. Furthermore, the mice group that received E.cloacae presented clinical symptoms of illness with clear weight loss and diarrhea, reduction in movement activity through the cage space for 7 days while the mice groups that followed by extract administration presented clinical symptoms of illness for 3 days. On the other side the innate immunity findings that represented with the neutrophilsindex were showed the group that had a combination injection by E.cloacae and extract recorded high values(47.15 %) with valuable difference at (p ≤ 0.05 ) comparison with other studied groups and findings of TLR-2 reported the mice that received only E.cloacae showed highest value (98.12±0.087) with a valuable difference at (p≤ 0.05). In additional the adaptive immunity that represented with the Arthus test and DHT were revealed the group that had a combination administration of extract and E.cloacae showed a higher value than the other group, after 48 hr but the value started decreasing after 72 hr but the highest value recorded ( 4.24± 0.00) after 24 hr with valuable difference at p ≤ 0.05 with other groups. On the other side IL-17,IL-4 and IL-10 showed the groups that received extract with E.cloacae given a high value (424.95±0.46, 100±0.00, 72.18±0.12) respectively which higher than other groups with a significant difference at p≤ 0.05. Conclusion: the current study showed Ziziphus spina-christi leaves aqueous extract have positive effect to regulate the immune response by rising the IL-10 and IL-4 that played anti-inflammatory role also increase IL-17 which contributed to mobilization of neutrophil.

There were eleven cytokines in the interleukin-1(IL) bunch. Similarly, it's an essential part. Interleukin-1α (IL-1α) is the most extensively studied of them all, and it is arguably the most widely used cytokine in the pathophysiology of skin eruptions. In the ongoing review, the patients in the Thi-Qar region will have their levels of IL-1α and IL-10 assessed. In the Al-Hussein Instructional Clinic in Iraq, we were in charge of the review. The review contained 100 blood tests from patients who had breakouts on their skin; there were 39 male and 61 female patients, ages ranging from 10 to 35. Depending on their age ranges, our patients were divided into three groups. The most prevalent age group (10–20) was 52/100 (52%) and was followed by the other groups.

The type of cancer stages is one of the most important aspects of squamous cell carcinoma. In order to create an appropriate and successful treatment programme in Iraq, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the squamous cell carcinoma patterns in Iraqi hospitals through a survey and identify quality indicators. Within the 10 primary teaching hospitals in Iraq, a point prevalence study was conducted. Every patient admitted to a hospital was included in the study. Comprehensive data on patients who underwent treatment for squamous cell carcinoma were sought after by the study. Among the 649 included patients, comprised 347 of male and 302 of female. A highly significant difference is between the whole sites tumor types of the squamous cell carcinoma patterns at P-value<0.05 except in lower lip, dorsal surface and other. The patients' mean age was 55.85 years, with males affected at a rate ten years older than females (p<0.05). The current study identified a number of quality indicators that require improvement, including as Iraqi hospitals' overprescription of squamous cell carcinoma patterns. Data from the global point prevalence study of squamous cell carcinoma will assist Iraq's health officials in creating an action plan aimed at enhancing the appropriate treatment of squamous cell carcinoma.

. In tropical nations, such as Indonesia, skin diseases are a common ailment. Skin conditions are typically not lethal illnesses, thus patients frequently disregard them and don't take them seriously. Skin conditions can, however, become uncomfortable and threaten the sufferer's survival if they are left untreated for an extended period of time. The result of this research is the creation of a web-based expert system for identifying skin disorders, which can aid in more accurate and timely diagnosis of skin diseases as well as offer treatment advice. The development of a web-based expert system for diagnosing skin diseases uses the forward chaining method. While the development methodology uses ESDLC (Expert System Development Life Cycle), with the phases of Assessment, Knowledge Acquisition, Design, Test, Documentation, and Maintenance

In the study, two types of Aloe vera leaf extracts were prepared: aqueous and alcoholic extract. The research was conducted at the Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tikrit University. From October to January. The active compounds in these alcoholic extracts were detected as tannins, cladosides, saponins, and flavonoids, all of which gave a positive result. The antibacterial activity of the aqueous and alcoholic extracts were estimated at concentrations ranging from (200-12. 5) mg/ml, where the alcoholic extract gave a high efficacy of (34.5) mm, while the aqueous extract had a lower efficacy (29.6) mm at the same concentration. Microbial tests were evaluated using different combinations of the extracts on Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, where the alcoholic extract gave the highest inhibitory efficacy to the bacteria.

Masson's tumor is a benign tumor consisting of reactive proliferation of endothelial cells. It was first described by the French doctor, Pierre Masson, in 1923. A higher incidence was observed among women (1.3:1), and the average age at which it occurs is 31 years. It appears as a firm mass, with the appearance of a nodule or papule, located subcutaneously. The adjacent integument is bluish or reddish. On palpation it can be sensitive or painless. We will present the case of an 81-year-old man with Masson's tumor located at the level of the volar side of the left forearm, at the level of the flexor ulnar muscle of the carpi, which affects the ulnar artery.

Animal protein is an important part of the human diet to support physical activities. The role of livestock as a source of animal protein requires adequate nutrition from feed to be able to produce optimally. The feed must be given in adequate amount of quality and quantity, safe feed (not toxic) is a must, and this cannot be separated from the contribution of animal husbandry nutrition science. Formulation of feed ingredients based on local feed and agro-industrial by-products into complete feeds in ruminant production is a strategy to meet the nutritional needs of ruminants so that they can produce optimally, efficiently, and environmentally friendly which ultimately produces products that are safe for human consumption. The success of this strategy has a greater opportunity through a corporate-based livestock approach, and through this approach, it is expected that the concepts of safe feed, safe food, and safe environment can be realized. Based on this phenomenon, animal husbandry nutrition science has proven its capability to contribute significantly to 1) produce livestock (ruminants) with efficient nutrition; 2) improve food safety and quality of food products originating from livestock for human consumption; 3) improve health status and welfare of livestock; and 4) reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the impact of livestock on environmental security.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted healthcare systems worldwide, including neonatal services. The pandemic has disrupted the delivery of neonatal care, leading to challenges in providing essential services to newborns and their families. This review article aims to explore the impact of COVID-19 on neonatal services and identify strategies for mitigating the effects of the pandemic.
 Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. The search terms used were "COVID-19," "neonatal care," "neonatal services," "prematurity," "low birth weight," and "infant mortality." Articles published between January 2020 and August 2021 were included in this review.
 Results: The COVID-19 pandemic has reduced the number of antenatal visits, delayed referrals, and decreased access to specialized care for high-risk pregnancies. The pandemic has also disrupted the delivery of essential neonatal care services such as breastfeeding support, kangaroo mother care, and immunization programs. Moreover, there has been an increase in maternal stress and anxiety due to restrictions on visitation policies in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). These factors have contributed to increased preterm births, low birth weight infants, and infant mortality rates.
 Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted neonatal services worldwide. Maintaining essential neonatal care services during pandemics is crucial to prevent adverse outcomes for newborns and their families. Healthcare providers must implement strategies to mitigate the effects of the pandemic on neonatal care delivery. These strategies include telemedicine consultations for antenatal visits, home-based follow-up programs for high-risk pregnancies, virtual breastfeeding support groups, and modified visitation policies in NICUs.

Emotion control in stressful situations is an important aspect of mental health. On the other hand, acute stress, affects the prefrontal cortex control, probably resulting in a loss of emotion regulation abilities. To lessen the threat, the stress response activates a number of defensive systems, including hormone messenger communication. In this article we are going to examine the present literature in relation to emotion control via understanding the function of the primary stress hormone, cortisol, and that of the catecholamines, epinephrine and norepinephrine. We have also presented and underlined the role of ICTs, web and mobile applications, AI & STEM tools, serious games, e-learning, tele-education services, etc., in the support and improvement procedures for achieving emotional self-control and regulation of the stress hormones.

In the recent years, young consumers choose to consume from the category of soft drinks, without acknowledging that their health may be endangered. To this end, we aim to contribute to the real scientific estimation of the nutrient intake from a number of 20 waters with vitamins and minerals having a reduced addition of fruit extract (1-3%), compared to juices that have 10-30 % fruits extract, from those sold in Romania. We analyzed the presentation of the nutritional declaration, the quality of the additives and the profiling of nutrients through the SENS system. The obtained results classify the products in the category of those with low energy value and in the category “significant sources of vitamins and minerals”; there are from food classes 2 and 4, as a nutritional profile