The article presents data on the use of smectite trepel as a natural mineral additive with active sorbing properties as part of a grain mixture fed to lactating cows in the summer, which are kept in areas with a soil pollution density of 15 Ku/km2. The results of the scientific and economic wholesale indicate a significant increase in daily milk yields by 5.3%, primarily due to compensation for the mineral metabolism of lactating cows, as well as a decrease in the accumulation coefficient of caesium-137 in the milk of cows by 5.0% who received smectite trepel as part of the diet. Hematological parameters of blood and biochemical markers of its serum varied within the limits of normative physiological values.

In the conditions of the Penza region in 2014-2022, field studies of various methods of harvesting seeded hemp were conducted. We compared the separate harvesting with the use of a hemp harvester LCD-1,9 followed by threshing with a threshing machine MLK-4,5 and harvesting with combine harvesters of various modifications. Practical studies on the use of direct harvesting on seed hemp have shown positive results in solving the problem of harvesting seed crops without manual labor. The introduction of combine harvesters in the process of harvesting hemp for seeds contributed to a gradual increase in the acreage in Russia, so, in 2010, the area occupied by this crop was at the level of 1.1 thousand hectares, by 2022 it reached 14.3 thousand hectares, and in the future it is planned to expand the acreage. The Penza Research Institute also has a positive trend in the expansion of acreage, so, in 2014, the acreage occupied 9 hectares, in 2022, the acreage increased to 102 hectares. The volume of collection of original seeds has increased from 2 to 60 tons. When comparing seeds obtained after different harvesting methods, a difference was found in the amount of damage, the amount of laboratory germination, the development of pathogenic microflora, and therefore it is necessary to further improve the technology of harvesting cannabis.

There was studied the effect of humic fertilizers on the yield and quality of potatoes on irrigated dark chestnut soils of Saratov Zavolzhye in 2018-2020. The object of research was the Rosara variety released in the Volga region. For foliar treatments there were used the products manufactured by Life Force Group LLC. It has been established that, on average, three-fold foliar treatment of potatoes with Reasil Micro Hydro Mix over three years increased the yield of marketable tubers by 1.90 t/ha, Reasil Amino Copper by 4.02 t/ha. The maximum increase in yields was obtained on the options of the mix use of Reasil Micro Hydro Mix with Reasil Carb N Humic (6.49 t/ha) and Reasil Amino Cu with Reasil Carb N Humic (5.57 t/ha). With the application of fertilizers, the share of marketable tubers in the total yield increased significantly (compared to the control). In the tubers of plants enriched with fertilizers, an increase in the content of starch (by 3-5% compared to the control) and vitamin C (by 5-9% higher than the control) was noted.

The article presents the results of a comparative assessment of the dairy productivity of Swiss cows of different origin. The superiority in milk yield of the first heifers of the brown Swiss breed of Austrian breeding in all months of lactation over the peers of other groups has been established. At the same time, the lactation curves of imported heifers and their hybrids with local Shvits indicate that the maximum levels of productivity were observed in earlier periods – for 2-3 months lactation, whereas in individuals of the local population – for 3-4 months. After the peak of the productivity of the experimental livestock, the Austrian and crossbred Swiss heifers, whose lactation curve was relatively equalized, were the best preserved at the achieved milk yield level, while the local Swiss heifers had a sharp decline. The highest level of milk yield was distinguished by the first heifers of imported breeding, which surpassed both half-blooded peers (by 686 kg, P>0,999) and individuals of the local population (by 1656 kg, P>0,999). Imported animals, as well as crossbreeds, exceeded the yield of milk fat by 37,8-62,7 kg (P>0,999) and milk protein by 31,8–54,1 kg (P>0,999) of the peers of the brown Swiss breed of the local population.

Under irrigation conditions, weeds reduce agricultural production. On irrigated lands in the conditions of the Volga region in the system of forest strips, weeds grow faster. The measures applied in the fight against weeds, depending on the species composition, are primarily an obstacle to their penetration into the fields and measures that are used in the fight against weeds in the irrigated field. In agricultural production, when irrigation is carried out in the system of forest strips, weed control must be carried out taking into account the species composition of weeds that determine the type of contamination and the economic threshold of harmfulness. Agrotechnical weed control measures have the maximum effect in the weed control system, primarily in combination with chemical protection of crops from weeds.

The study of diagnostic and therapeutic measures for lymphoma is relevant, since through the lymphatic and blood vessels there is a circulation of tumor cells, followed by inhibition of bone marrow hematopoiesis. The diagnosis of this disease is based on the data of anamnesis, clinical examination, ultrasound, hematological, and histological studies.In the course of the research, the influence of various types of chemotherapy on the life expectancy of animals with different types of lymphomas was analyzed. Chemotherapy according to the modified CHAP protocol was chosen for the treatment of animals. Chemotherapy is the main effective method of treatment that allows you to increase the life expectancy of an animal.

Studies have shown that when assessing safety conditions, it is possible to use methods for calculating the consequences of exposure to damaging factors of fire and explosion: thermal radiation of a strait fire; thermal effects of combustion products of a vapor-air cloud in the event of a flash fire; shock wave during combustion of a vapor-air cloud; thermal radiation of a fireball. At the same time, additional research is required in order to adjust the regulatory framework in the field of fire safety.


 Abstract. The article provides an analysis of agrobiological (hybrids, seeding rate) and agrochemical (mineral fertilizers) aspects of increasing the yield and quality of sunflower in the Saratov Trans-Volga region. The results of three-year studies have established that the cultivation of the sunflower hybrid P64LE25 using Ammophos at a dose of 80 kg/ha before the main tillage and Sulfoammophos at a dose of 50 kg/ha when sown at a seeding rate of 60000 pcs. germinating seeds per 1 ha ensures the maximum yield of sunflower oilseeds - 2.02 t/ha. Increasing the seeding rate from 55 thousand to 65 thousand seeds/ha reduced the planting density and field germination by 3.2–3.4%. Mineral fertilization reduced field germination by 0.7–1.5%. The cultivation of the late-ripening hybrid P64LE25 increases the yield of oilseeds by 0.28 t/ha (by 18.8%), oil content by 2.5% compared to the mid-early hybrid P64F66. The seeding rate of 60000 pcs/ha increases the yield of the studied hybrids by 0.23 t/ha (by 15.4%). Mineral fertilization (N8P10S6) provides an increase in the yield of sunflower oil seeds - 0.24 t/ha (by 15.9%), and oil content by 0.4%.

The work studied the effect of mineral and microbiological fertilizers with various methods of basic tillage on the quality of grain and the yield of spring durum wheat. It has been established that, regardless of the method of the main tillage, the pre-sowing application of ammophos enhances the effect of mineral and microbiological fertilizers used as foliar feeding of spring wheat plants in the tillering and heading phases, providing an increase in grain quality to the 1st class, yield up to 40 % relative to control.

Experimental studies have been carried out to determine promising methods for removing the potato stem nematode using ultrasonic, electrophysical, ultraviolet and chemical methods of influence. Laboratory complexes for combating the potato stem nematode have been developed and empirical dependencies have been determined for reducing potato infection with determining the operating modes of the developed complexes.