Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a life-threatening clinical syndrome often triggered by drug-induced nephrotoxicity, yet its early diagnosis remains challenging due to the lack of sensitive and specific biomarkers. Hypochlorous acid (HClO), a highly reactive oxygen species, plays a pivotal role in the oxidative damage that drives AKI progression. To achieve precise in situ monitoring of this pathological event, we designed and synthesized a water-soluble lanthanide complex probe, Ln(SDHH)3(DPBT) (Ln3+ = Eu3+, Gd3+), as a dual-modal sensing platform for intrinsically background-free detection of HClO via time-gated luminescence (TGL) and 19F magnetic resonance (MR) sensing. By integrating a sulfonate-functionalized β-diketonate ligand (SDHH) to enhance aqueous solubility and biocompatibility, together with an extended π-conjugated antenna (DPBT) to enable visible-light excitation, this probe overcomes the limitations of traditional lanthanide complex-based probes. Upon exposure to HClO, selective oxidative cleavage of the SDHH ligand induces rapid quenching of Eu3+ luminescence and simultaneously restores the 19F NMR signal by eliminating the Gd3+-mediated paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) effect. The probe exhibits an ultrafast response (<7 s), high selectivity and sensitivity (LOD = 87 nM for TGL detection), and exceptional biocompatibility. Leveraging these advantages, Eu(SDHH)3(DPBT) successfully enabled high-contrast visualization of endogenous HClO fluctuations in cisplatin-stimulated renal cells and in an AKI mouse model. Collectively, this dual-modal platform provides a robust tool for real-time in situ visualization of HClO, facilitating mechanistic investigations and early diagnosis of oxidative stress-related organ injury.

Inhalation therapies often combine budesonide, glycopyrronium bromide, and salbutamol sulphate, necessitating analytical methods capable of their simultaneous quantification. Conventional UHPLC methods typically address these active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) individually, leading to inefficiencies in development, validation, and regulatory alignment. Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD) has transformed pharmaceutical analytical method development through systematic risk assessment and structured optimization, but its application in the bioanalytical domain remains limited. The challenge addressed in this study is the creation of a single robust UHPLC method that meets both pharmaceutical and bioanalytical requirements within regulatory frameworks. A unified UHPLC method was developed using AQbD principles, employing Design of Experiments to identify and optimize critical method parameters. The optimized method achieved baseline separation of all three APIs on a YMC UltraHT Hydrosphere C18 (2.1 × 100 mm; 2.0 μm) column under gradient elution with methanol and 0.1% formic acid in 10 mM ammonium formate. Robustness was established through a defined Method Operable Design Region. The method was first validated under ICH Q2 (R2) for pharmaceutical applications, confirming accuracy, precision, and sensitivity. Subsequently, it was extended to the bioanalytical domain and validated under ICH M10 guidelines in simulated lung fluid, demonstrating reproducibility in complex matrices. This dual validation highlights the method's versatility and regulatory robustness, underscoring AQbD's ability to unify pharmaceutical and bioanalytical method development into a single lifecycle appropriate platform. This study demonstrates the first AQbD-driven UHPLC method validated under both ICH Q2 (R2) and ICH M10, bridging pharmaceutical and bioanalytical applications. Extending AQbD principles into bioanalysis provides a regulatory-relevant framework that enhances robustness, lifecycle flexibility, and compliance. The work establishes a unified strategy for inhalation therapies and beyond, supporting broader adoption of science- and risk-based analytical development.

Ocean acidification (OA) refers to the ongoing decline in ocean pH caused by the cascading effects of increased atmospheric CO2, which has significant negative impacts on various marine organisms, particularly crustaceans with calcified shells. However, research on the metabolic responses of crustaceans remains limited. In this study, we performed untargeted metabolomics on hemolymph samples from Cancer borealis (Jonah crab), a crustacean species well known for its tolerance to temperature and pH changes, to investigate its metabolic responses to OA. Two extraction methods-isopropanol (IPA) and acidified methanol (AcMeOH)-were employed to capture a broad range of metabolites and small peptides. Both methods enabled comprehensive detection; however, IPA extraction yielded more consistent and extensive metabolite coverage, identifying 43 lipids compared to only 15 with AcMeOH. We identified 15 metabolites that responded significantly to OA. Several metabolites, including the potential neuropeptide cycloprolylglycine and the exogenous compound curcumin, exhibited concentration changes under OA exposure, suggesting their potential relevance in stress response pathways triggered by environmental stress. Overall, we highlight IPA as a more effective extraction method for untargeted metabolomics of crustacean hemolymph. Our study elucidates metabolic dynamics that enhance our understanding of the physiological adaptability of marine crustaceans under environmental stress and provides a comprehensive dataset for future OA research.

Urine is an information-rich, noninvasive biofluid that reflects systemic and urological physiology through endogenous metabolites, disease-associated biomarkers, and residues of therapeutic drugs. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has emerged as a powerful, label-free platform for urinary molecular profiling, offering rapid readouts with high sensitivity and minimal sample preparation. This review critically examines recent advances in SERS-enabled urinalysis for urological and related clinical applications, including assessment of renal function, detection of urinary tract infection pathogens and antimicrobial resistance signatures, therapeutic drug monitoring, and cancer screening based on metabolic and biomarker patterns. We highlight how developments in nanostructured substrates, microfluidic sample handling, and data-driven spectral interpretation (chemometrics and machine learning) are enabling multiplexed detection and improving the linkage between spectral features and clinically actionable endpoints. Although further improvements are needed in detection reproducibility and the establishment of standardized spectral databases, SERS-based urinalysis shows significant potential for advancing precise diagnosis and treatment of urological diseases.

Paramagnetic bead-based capture and release is widely used for nucleic acid preparation in benchtop and automated workflows. In emerging magnetofluidic and cartridge-style point-of-care systems, sequential bead elution has only recently begun to be explored as a strategy to distribute limited nucleic acids across multiple reactions. In such designs, elution behavior becomes directly relevant to assay performance and multiplexing capacity. Here, we systematically examine multi-sequential elutions from silica paramagnetic beads and quantify each eluate by qPCR. We describe the data with a phenomenological, concentration-dependent, exponential-decay model and show that elution profiles depend on nucleic acid target size (soybean genomic DNA versus a short synthetic double-stranded DNA fragment, gBlock), starting concentration, and multiplexed (duplex) bead binding. We demonstrate reproducible nucleic acid signal across eight elutions, extract size-dependent decay constants, and evaluate model performance over a range of input concentrations. Duplex and alternating-trait experiments further show that the same framework can describe multi-target elution with limited data points per target. Together, these results provide a quantitative description of sequential nucleic acid elution from silica beads and a simple modeling approach that can inform the design of multi-step bead-based workflows.

Correction for 'High-sensitivity SpectroChip-integrated LFIA platform for rapid point-of-care quantification of cardiovascular biomarkers' by Cheng-Hao Ko et al., Analyst, 2025, 150, 4930-4947, https://doi.org/10.1039/D5AN00846H.

In this study, V-doped Ti3C2 (V-Ti3C2) was synthesized via a simple one-step hydrothermal method. Results demonstrated that the surface of the lamellar V-Ti3C2 structure, abundant in hydrophilic functional groups and reactive active sites, exhibited outstanding peroxidase-like activity with a Vmax 12.8 times higher than that of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Furthermore, V-Ti3C2 with rich functional groups was employed to efficiently adsorb organic dyes in an aqueous environment. Subsequently, we evaluated its ability for the degradation of dyes and selective detection of ferric ions in wastewater using its peroxidase-like activity. The combination of the two processes leverages the different characteristics of V-Ti3C2, providing a versatile and efficient solution to the challenges posed by water pollution. Notably, the excellent adsorption characteristics and catalytic properties of V-Ti3C2 highlight the capability of nanozymes for extensive applications in addressing water pollution challenges.

This study reports the synthesis of 2-hydroxy-N-(6-nitro-1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)benzamide (SNN), designed for the selective detection of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and real-time imaging of Candida albicans. The probe was synthesized via imidation of 4-nitronaphthalic anhydride with salicyl hydrazide, leveraging the environmentally responsive fluorescence properties of naphthalimide derivatives. SNN demonstrated dual-mode functionality, enabling both optical and electrochemical sensing of H2S across a range of pH conditions, thereby providing insights into sulfur chemistry. Remarkably, SNN allowed direct wet-mount imaging of C. albicans without the need for prolonged incubation, producing high-contrast fluorescence with minimal background noise via endogenous H2S activation. It showed selective nuclear localization in C. albicans but did not facilitate fluorescence imaging in Aspergillus niger. Additionally, SNN was used for effective visualization of other fungi associated with bread spoilage, highlighting its promise as a versatile tool for fungal diagnostics and food safety applications. Moreover, the H2S-specific imaging was validated through incubation studies using 2-(aminooxy)acetic acid hydrochloride, a selective inhibitor of the cystathionine beta-synthase enzyme involved in the production of H2S and the metabolism of homocysteine.

Real-time monitoring of electrochemical reactions is crucial for advancing energy conversion and storage, electrocatalysis, organic electrosynthesis, and electroanalysis. Despite progress in in situ spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques, these methods fail to directly resolve and track multiple electrogenerated species simultaneously during electrochemical processes. Electrochemical mass spectrometry (EC-MS) bridges this gap by providing direct molecular-level compositional and structural information while simultaneously monitoring the evolution of newborn species at the electrode-electrolyte interfaces (EEIs). Propelled by the ongoing improvements in ionization sources and electrochemical cells, EC-MS methods have broadened the functional scope from online detection of reaction products to the rapid capture of fleeting intermediates and, most recently, to simultaneous real-time tracking of the dynamics of multiple intermediates. This progressive advancement establishes EC-MS as a robust methodology for mechanistic investigation of electrochemical reactions. This review focuses on the recent advances in EC-MS methods and their applications in exploring organic electrosynthesis, electrocatalysis, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and electrochemiluminescence (ECL). Finally, we outline the current limitations and future directions for EC-MS technology, forecasting its expanding utility in electrochemical reaction monitoring.

Thiophene, a heterocyclic compound, is widely used in various biological and chemical fields owing to its unique nature and versatile properties. Therefore, integrating thiophene rings into organic compounds has introduced a new class of structural diversification that can be effectively utilised in biological and environmental applications. As these rings bring about structural diversification in organic compounds, they are highly utilised in the synthesis of organic luminogens. The incorporation of thiophene rings into organic luminogens has gained prominence due to their versatility as electron donors, recognition units, and fluorophores. The versatility of thiophene rings provided a strategy to overcome the traditional drawbacks of ICT and PET mechanisms in the field of fluorescent sensors. Hence, this review article presents various thiophene-based fluorescent probes that address the traditional drawbacks of ICT and PET mechanisms. Through versatile strategies for incorporating thiophene rings into luminogens, these probes exhibit high sensitivity and selectivity towards biological and chemical analytes.