To address the issue of poor matching of lane allocation with traffic demand and composition, such as exit and entrance of highway toll stations, Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) and Manual Toll Collection (MTC), a dynamic lane control method for highway toll stations is proposed. Based on the lane control method, a mixed integer linear programming optimization model for the optimal opening scheme of toll lanes is established to achieve rational allocation of toll lanes. The results show that when the traffic demand at the entrance is significantly greater than that at the exit, dynamic control will allocate more toll lanes at the entrance. Compared with conventional control, the traffic capacity can be increased by 12.5%, 50% and 33.33%, respectively, under the three traffic schemes. When the traffic demand at the exit is greater than that at the entrance, dynamic control will allocate more toll lanes at the exit. The traffic capacity can be increased by 6.67%, 25%, and 33.33%, respectively, under the three traffic schemes. When the traffic composition at the entrance and exit matches the toll lanes, the traffic capacity and lane allocation of these two control methods are the same. In various traffic scenarios, dynamic control can adjust the lanes at the entrance and exit according to the traffic composition at the entrance of the toll station, so as to accurately match the traffic demand and capacity in all directions of the toll station, and improve the traffic efficiency of the toll station to realize intelligent expansion.

This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the thermal and mechanical properties of Ethylenediamine Graphene Aerogel (EGA) using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The study focuses on understanding the stress distribution and mechanical responses of this material under various conditions. Thermal stress applied to the bottom of a cylindrical structure revealed distinct stress patterns over time and temperature. High-stress regions were noted towards the cylinder's center, suggesting the effects of temperature fluctuations, while the upper surface experienced lower stress. The von Mises stress increased over time, indicating the material's response to heat, particularly near the heat source, and stabilized around 40 minutes, suggesting a new thermal equilibrium. A critical observation was made at a critical region from the cylinder's bottom, where a significant shift in stress patterns and performance characteristics occurred, emphasizing the need to consider these variations in design for safety and functionality. This study highlights the material’s low thermal conductivity and its role in temperature distribution, demonstrating its capability to manage thermal expansion effectively. These properties make the Ethylenediamine Graphene Aerogel suitable for high-temperature applications such as aerospace, automotive, and thermal barrier systems, and open avenues for further applications.

This research presents Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations in ANSYS illustrating emissions of carbon dioxide to the air. The CFD simulations is employed to study plume transport in urban environment, i.e., Breivika port in the city of Tromsø. The case study presents a two-phase model considering specific wind strength and direction in the city of Tromso. Geographical coordinates, temperature, and wind data were obtained from the open sources, such as Google Maps, and Norwegian Meteorological Institute. The result from the simulations indicates a potential outcome with respect to various weather conditions. It was revealed for vessels less than 30 meters chimney height, the higher the wind strength, the lower the plume dispersion, causing the plume to stay closer to the terrain. This brings in a concentrated emission of pollutants closer to the public areas. The terrain in the model is recognizable for the Tromsø port's location. From the CFD results, it is illustrated that onshore wind with high wind strength could affect the environment. The results simulated in OpenFOAM are qualitatively showing the same as visible in ANSYS..

Wearable technology can effectively meet the needs of practical applications, and has broad market prospects in military, fire protection, medicine and health, sports, and more. Self-powered energy systems with miniaturized, lightweight, highly flexible, stretchable, bendable, and wearable properties can meet the needs of the new generation of wearable electronic devices, thus receiving extensive attention. First, the latest progress and existing problems of flexible solar cells, flexible triboelectric nanogenerators, flexible piezoelectric nanogenerators, flexible thermoelectric generators, as well as energy harvesting devices for sweat power generation are reviewed. Second, the development and challenges of flexible Li-ion batteries and flexible supercapacitors for energy storage devices are summarized, and the progress of energy management strategies is discussed. Third, the main applications of self-powered systems in wearable electronic devices, such as Individual Soldier Equipment, Protective Clothing Devices and Smart Wearable Electronic Devices, are introduced. Finally, future development of self-powered energy systems for wearable electronic devices is discussed.

The better the seismic performance of building joints, the more lives and property can be preserved in earthquake disasters. This paper briefly introduced the basic structure of self-centering reinforced concrete (RC) column-steel beam joints and then prepared three types of joint specimens. Specimen 1 was a self-centering RC column-steel beam joint, specimen 2 was obtained by removing the damping core plate based on specimen 1, and specimen 3 was obtained by removing both the damping core plate and prestressed reinforcement based on specimen 1. The quasi-static loading tests were carried out on the three types of joint specimens, followed by vibration tests with an eight-degree earthquake on a vibration table. The findings demonstrated that specimen 1 had a higher peak load and ultimate displacement when the quasi-static loading displacement was greater than the yield displacement; specimen 1 had higher energy dissipation capacity when facing periodic loading; when facing an eight-degree earthquake, specimen 1 had the best self-centering ability.

Excellent temperature characteristics of space Li-ion batteries can effectively improve the on-orbit operation to reduce the temperature fluctuation range and improve reliability. This paper adopts the hardware-in-the-loop approach, which organically combines simulation and experiment. This method not only effectively tests the thermal management system of the space batteries, but also simulates the characteristics of the system in real-time, and saves the high experimental cost. From the experiment, it is found that when the temperature of the inlet working fluid rises, the surface temperature rises significantly, and the maximum temperature difference is 4.9 °C. The steady-state settling time of the surface temperature also increases. When the flow rate of the inlet working fluid rises, the surface temperature decreases significantly, the maximum temperature difference is 3.9 °C, and the steady-state establishment time of the surface temperature extremely shortens. With the thermal load rise, the battery surface temperature increases obviously, the maximum temperature difference becomes 3.9°C, and the steady-state settling time of the surface temperature becomes longer. When the cycle remains the same and the charge/discharge times are dissimilar, the longer the discharge time, the faster the surface temperature rises, with a maximum increase of 34%.

In industrial processes, powder coating is widely utilized to attain functional or aesthetic surface properties on manufactured parts. A Eulerian-Lagrangian Multiphysics solver has been developed within the OpenFOAM framework in order to simulate and optimize such processes with regards to coating efficiency and homogeneity. In the scope of this study, the powder particle-substrate and particle-particle interactions that occur on the surface of a substrate during the coating process are investigated. This is instigated by the observation that some particles glide over the substrate, rather than sticking to the substrate upon first contact. The phenomenon is governed by the balance of pressure, fluid shear stress traction, electrostatic particle-particle repulsion and gravity forces on the substrate. On the basis of experimental data previously gathered, it is demonstrated that the surface interactions are essential to predicting the coating outcome accurately enough, such as to serve as basis for later process-optimization steps. Furthermore, a dimensional analysis illustrates the weight of the individual force contributions on the overall force balance.

In this paper, the physical and mechanical properties of TISCO steel slag were tested by composite activators with different ratios. The optimal neutral composite activator was determined, and the properties of neutral activated steel slag power-cement composite cementitious material with 30% cement content were studied. The experimental results indicated that the best ratio of gypsum: silica fume: sodium sulfate: sodium aluminate: self-made activator was 2.5:2.5:1:0.5. By XRD, SEM and TG-DTG detection, it was found that the less stable periclase reduced in 30% cement content and activated steel slag slurry. After 28d curing, the micro morphology and compactness of hydration products were not different from that of cement, even no incompletely hydrated particles. The voids between hydration products and the interface of different hydration products were continuously filled with hydration products over age. C-S-H and AFt generated by 7d activated SSP cement composite powder was greater than that of cement. At 28d, a small amount of Ca(OH)2 was generated. The results show that the combination of self-made neutral activator and other activators can improve the properties of cement steel slag powder composite cementitious material and improve the utilization rate of steel slag.

In order to construct a 3D rotor model, periodicity and Multiple Reference Frame (MRF) strategies were applied to address full Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) that incorporate the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations. A simulation model was run to examine the power of the wind turbines, both including and excluding the hub and tower. The purpose of this was to identify an approach that would decrease the computational time cost of wind turbine simulation. Firstly, a full-scale horizontal axis wind turbine simulation was carried out, and subsequently, comparisons were made with the results of the wind tunnel experiment utilizing the K-omega SST and Sparlat Allmaras viscosity models. The results were compared to determine the optimum model with the lowest simulation time and highest accuracy to the experimental results. Following this, the complete models’ simulation was compared to the model excluding the hub and tower in order to check the disparity in the results of the two. Additionally, to ascertain the computational cost saving, the ratio of the two simulation times was established. The findings show that the two models produce results that correspond well to the experimental results, and that the power coefficient had a greater value for the complete model than the simple model. Furthermore, it was found that the power coefficient values of the full model have significantly higher levels of similarity to the experimental values. The Sparlat Allmaras and K-omega SST viscosity models returned error percentages of 0.52% and 12.6% respectively. For the partial model utilizing the same computer device, a 5.7% error rate was recorded, with a computational time saving of approximately 34%.

In order to minimize the loss of life and property in an earthquake, the beam-column joints of buildings need to have good seismic performance. This paper briefly introduced concrete beam-column joints and used a steel skeleton to strengthen the seismic performance of concrete beam-column joints. The concrete beam-column and reinforced concrete beam-column joints were prepared for experimental analysis. The skeleton curve and energy dissipation capacity of the joints were tested using quasi-static loading experiments. The relative displacement of the column at different heights in the beam-column joints was tested under an eight-degree earthquake simulated by a vibration table. The results showed that the reinforced concrete beam-column joint had higher peak loads and ultimate displacements when the quasi-static loading displacement exceeded the yield displacement; the reinforced concrete beam-column joint had stronger energy dissipation capacity in the face of cyclic loads; the reinforced concrete beam-column joint had smaller relative column displacements in the face of an eight-degree earthquake.