Corporate governance is one of the key sustainability indicators to manage and control the business functions ethically and transparently. This mechanism is essential in every sector, specifically in the insurance landscape, to strategically meet uncertain risk & losses and the interest of policyholders. This study examines the corporate governance practices followed by the life and non-life insurance industry in India and its effect on the financial performance of insurers. To provide empirical results of the study, we considered corporate governance as independent variables, financial performance as dependent variables, and control variables for validation and reliability of the results. Secondary data was collected from a sample of ten insurance companies, including five life and five non-life insurers, for 10 years from 2014 to 2023, and implied descriptive statistics, t-tests, and regression models were used for analysis purposes. The result reveals that across the life and non-life insurers, unified governance mechanisms are followed, but it substantially influences the financial performance of life insurance more significantly than the non-life insurance sector. The reasons behind that are that life insurance premiums are held for a long period of time and also certainty to assure claim settlement in the form of death or maturity. So, the life insurance industry requires formulating more stringent governance mechanisms that sustainably address unstable operations and performance landscapes. The outcome of this study would structure robust governance norms, which would eventually enhance Indian insurers’ performance sustainably and discover the insight contributions of this field of research in an emerging economy scenario.

The relationship between firms and economic growth is an intensely debated topic in the literature, emphasizing the impact of the large businesses or small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in ensuring growth, innovation and employment, the role of support measures or social benefits. Although the importance of each category in growth and development is far from a consensus, there is a tacit recognition that each size-class of firms has a series of specific characteristics that can better influence certain aspects of development. A better knowing of them could help adapting and calibrating measures and policies according to specific objectives, stages or geographical areas. In this paper, we propose an econometric approach to the relationship between economic growth (by GDP evolution) and the dynamics of the firms’ sector, by size class, at the level of the development regions of Romania. We found that the effect of the number of enterprises in each size class similarly influences the GDP, regardless of the region, with a more pronounced positively impact in the case of micro- and small enterprises and ambiguous in the case of medium-sized enterprises.

Global warming is a pressing issue, but so does economic development and the constantly increasing electricity demand. Governments have to find the balance between conserving the Earth’s atmosphere for future generations and fueling their country’s economy to achieve higher output. Nuclear energy seems like a solid solution for both problems. It can help to replace the fossil fuels in the electricity mix and at the same time reduce CO2 emission, however thanks to the specificities of the technology a lot of people are skeptical about it. The aim of this study is to review the currently available behavioral and technology acceptance models - such as TRA, TPB, TAM, Risk-Benefit Concept, PADM - and based on the results build a new model, that could serve as a basis for a future survey among Hungarian residents related to the acceptance of nuclear energy generation.

Recent events have affected the economies of nations that began with an extraordinary epidemic that led to the lifting of closures and the emergence of oversupply in the market. The result is price increases, new supply problems and deficit economies, all of which contribute to rising inflation. The conflict and the oil crisis made the situation worse. We wondered whether the recent price increases have made people in Hungary more conscious with their budgets. The current report is based on a nationwide representative survey of almost 25,000 people conducted by NET Media PLC in September 2022. The study focused primarily on the development of living standards and the state of the economy, changes in spending patterns, savings, and family household management. Overall, it can be said that more than 75 percent of Hungarians over 25 are dissatisfied with how their standard of living has changed in the last year and that their financial situation has deteriorated.

Corruption not only hinders economic growth, but also undermines trust in public institutions, increases public spending and threatens the functioning of democracy. In addition to the financial damage, corruption in public administration has a serious social impact: it determines the trust of members of society in public governance and the civil service, it has a close impact on the fair and efficient use of public funds, and it affects the international image of the country. We aim to provide an overview of how corruption is present in public administration, how it differs from corruption in the private sector and how it can be intertwined with the public and private sectors. To identify methods to prevent corruption in public administration and to find out how public officials experience the functioning and effectiveness of these methods in practice.

Pakistan, being a developing economy, is in continuous transition to achieve its targeted developmental goals. In this regards, prime attention to the industrial sector is gaining importance. In the industrial sector, the pharmaceutical industry holds a significant role in meeting the national medicine demands and contributing to the country’s economic growth at the same time. Promoting the manufacturing sector not only requires appropriate leadership but also a pool of motivated workers who can achieve the objectives. This paper investigates the effects of transformational leadership on employees’ motivation in the pharmaceutical sector of Pakistan. Both local and multinational firms are taken into consideration. Data collected through a structured questionnaire from 503 respondents is analysed using SPSS 25. Results show that the application level of transformational leadership is higher in multinational companies as compared to the native companies. However, the impact of transformational leadership on employees’ motivation is almost the same for both local and multinational companies.

We are now in a new era of business management, where companies have understood that the sustainability and survival of their activities is based on mastering and adapting new technologies to their strategies. The result of the integration of technological power in the management of companies gives rise to digitalization that disrupts business strategies, contributing significantly to the creation of new business models. This profoundly affected the strategic context; changing the structure of competition, business conduct, and ultimately, performance across industries. This paper is a descriptive literature review of recent works discussing the impact digitalization has had on business. In this work, firstly, a theoretical overview of digitalization and its development is presented. Afterwards, the digitalization of business as well as its impact is discussed. The result of this review is a summary of the advantages and disadvantages that digitalization brings to businesses.

This study aims to evaluate and analyse the financial performance of the banks listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) for the period 2016-2020. The study covers 13 commercial banks and excludes the three Islamic banks from the listed banks on the ASE. The study also examines the relationship between CAMELS model components and banks profitability represented by Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE). All data are collected from the financial statements of the Jordanian commercial banks, the Central Bank of Jordan, previous studies, and the Amman Stock Exchange. Sufficient and adequate analysis is used to analyse the data in this research – Regression Analysis, Coefficient Correlation, and Cluster Analysis using SPSS. The findings show that the Capital Adequacy Ratio, Earning Ability, and Liquidity have a positive but non-statistically significant influence on the financial performance of the Jordanian Commercial banks, as measured by the ratio of ROA and the ratio of ROE. The results also demonstrate that the Asset Quality, Management Efficiency, and Sensitivity to Market Risks all have a negative and non-statistically significant impact on Jordanian Commercial banks financial performance as evaluated by the ROA and the ROE ratios.

This paper examines the relationship between fiscal stability and macroeconomic environment in Nigeria using time series data covering the period 1981-2019. As Nigeria’s debt appears excessive amid macroeconomic imbalance, different concerns are raised about the capacity of the government to repay the debt. In this regard, several studies are conducted on the sustainability of the country’s debt. But then, as a long-run analysis, assessment of debt sustainability is prone to considerable uncertainty and large margins of error. Thus, the relevance and need for a short-run analysis which serves as the basis for assessing fiscal stability. In the process, while multiple structural breaks are revealed in the total revenue, exchange rate, and total debt series, a feedback causal-effect is affirmed between fiscal stability and interest rate. Consequently, the short-run analysis establishes negative impacts from each of debt and exchange rate, as against positive effect from revenue on fiscal stability. As such, given a mixed relationship between fiscal stability and certain macroeconomic factors, an improved revenue collection is suggested with reduction in borrowing.

In the globalization age, global competitiveness is gaining attention from policymakers and scholars. This paper focuses on a measurement of trade competitiveness based upon the expansion of market size. Fiscal policy has become a subject of debate since the global crisis of 2008. This paper attempts to examine the influence of government spending (i.e., government investment and consumption) on trade competitiveness. The Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) approach is used to estimate the dynamic relationship. The result, based on Cambodia's annual data from 1970 to 2015, shows that Cambodia’s trade competitiveness increases when there is a rise in public investment, government purchases, or aggregate private spending. This study shapes an alternative perception of the effectiveness of fiscal policy as domestic expenditure in enhancing international macroeconomic activities.