Our aim with this paper is firstly to survey and outline common translation strategies used in realia words and expressions from Mongolian into English language and secondly, to propose an order of the translation strategies according to their equivalence based on literature translations. In this study, 32 Mongolian short stories translated by foreign and Mongolian translators into English were involved. We collected strategies for realia translation and analyzed how often they are applied in literature translations. Findings of the study showed that 11 strategies (transcribing, calque, neologism, synonymy, explanation, reformulation or equivalence, international word, adjective, modulation, notes and couplets) were offered by most of translation researchers, out of which 6 strategies (transcribing, calque, synonymy, explanatory, reformulation or equivalence, and couplets) are often used in Mongolian into English literature translation. Moreover, translators are using several couplets (transcribing & explanatory, transcribing & calque and equivalence & explanatory) for dealing with some cultural words. In connection with the 32 Mongolian short story translation into English, we attempted to make an order of 4 translation strategies due source language (SL) cultural words, translated by a target (TL). This order starts with reformulation or equivalence, and follows synonymy as well as explanation and ends with couplet.

January 2012 finally, after ninety years, saw the expiry of copyright restrictions on Joyce’s Ulysses. A predictable immediate result was the appearance of a whole slew of new translations – or, ra...

ABSTRACT This article focuses on the introduction of a new function for translation in a changing context of formal language learning in the Madras Presidency in nineteenth-century south India. Amongst this region’s multiple languages, the article considers language examination papers, examiners’ feedback, and preparatory materials in Hindustani, Tamil and Telugu to reconstruct two developments in relation to translation: first, translation as pedagogy, introduced as a key mechanism in the instruction and examination of languages, increased and made visible the scope of translation beyond the literary context. Second, competition based on translation abilities across diverging professions in the colonial domain promoted greater awareness of the changing distinctions between different language registers and varieties within languages. Paying attention to translation pedagogy undertaken for non-literary purposes is thus important in expanding current understandings of how translation evolved and functioned in colonial South India.

Europe’s cultural and linguistic diversity is a strength and a weakness. This is apparent in this well-edited volume on translation practices across the continent. While few, there are stories of s...

ABSTRACT The present study analyzes the relationship between translation and multilingualism through a reading of Jnāneswari (1290 AD) and Kristapurāṇa (1616 AD). Jnāneswar's Bhavarthadeepika, or Jnāneswari, is a translation of the Sanskrit Bhagvad Gita into Marathi. Jnāneswar's “audacious” translation took considerable liberties with the Sanskrit source text and retold it in the framework of Marathi culture, thereby inaugurating the tradition of Marathi saint literature. Three centuries later, the Catholic missionary Thomas Stephens SJ (1549–1619) composed Kristapurāṇa in the same tradition of Marathi saint poetry. Kristapurāṇa may be read as the earliest retelling of the Christian Bible in a South Asian language. The article juxtaposes Jnāneswari and Kristapurāṇa to examine the manner in which translations drew on and contributed to the literary multilingualism in the region. In doing so, the article also critically reflects on early South Asian approaches to translation as “retelling”, as delineated in these two texts.

In our reading of Sebnem Susam-Saraeva, her provocation centres on the following: On the one hand, “assuming to easily understand someone else’s experiential knowledge” is risky. I am not in the ot...

ABSTRACT In recent years, Christopher Rundle has sparked methodological debates in translation history with his proposals on opposing historical paradigms, dichotomous theoretical frameworks, and seemingly incompatible audiences. This article examines critically Rundle's theses and links them to three dichotomous tensions between translation and historical studies. The contention here is that these key aspects of historical theory are tributaries to a more crucial concern of the historian, namely, the production of explanation structures. Echoing Andrew Chesterman, it is suggested that turning to causal explanation can be a positive step toward consilience regarding the unresolved dichotomous tensions between the study of history and translation. The article concludes with a survey of these issues by seeking to integrate translation phenomena in the structures of explanation pertaining to a specific case of US–Mexican religious history.

Few books are discipline changing. This is one of them. To paraphrase Naomi Klein, A (Bio)Semiotic Theory of Translation may not change everything but it will change a great many things. Like all r...

ABSTRACT The first British embassy to China headed by Lord Macartney brought into contact two imperial discourses, each vying to subject the other to its own vision of world order. Translations produced in such a context have much to reveal about the relationship between empire, discourse and translation. This article revisits two letters from King George III to the Qianlong emperor and their four Chinese versions made by translators on both sides, focusing on how the apparently “equal” relationship as envisioned by George III had been transformed, wittingly or unwittingly, into one of British inferiority or downright subjection. The article ends with reflections on translation as a medium of discursive transfer, on the translator’s discursive stand, and on the role of discourse – both prohibitive and productive – in the production, circulation and reception of translation.

ABSTRACTThis article discusses translation and migrant (in)visibility in Italy in the context of the so-called migrant and refugee crisis, using food as a key element in the redefinition of the asylum seekers’ cultural identities. The article builds on the debate on linguistic performance and landscape in translation studies and sociolinguistics, relating the first results of a research project being carried out in Perugia (Italy) in collaboration with the NGO Tamat. If migrants are to gain agency and visibility, this can only happen in relation to the host landscape, the material and linguistic resources available in that landscape, and the possibilities for acting successfully as translators. Food is a key element of the discussion on migration and integration: by studying interactions in an agriculture class for asylum seekers, this article investigates how a discussion on food opens spaces for a productive exploration of difference that involves social, environmental and cultural elements.