Aim: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the readability and quality of information in responses generated by artificial intelligence (AI) models to patients' frequently asked questions about systemic isotretinoin, a medication commonly prescribed in dermatology. Materials and Methods:Thirty-four frequently asked questions from patients using isotretinoin were prepared by a team of dermatology specialists.These questions were posed to three AI-based text-generation tools (ChatGPT, Gemini 2.0, and Copilot), and the responses were analyzed.The resulting texts were compared in terms of readability levels [Flesch Reading Ease score (FRES), Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG), Gunning Fog index (GFOG), Coleman-Liau index (CLI), and Automated Readability index (ARI)], sentence lengths, and content quality, which was evaluated by dermatologists.Results: None of the AI models achieved the optimal readability threshold (FRES 60).Readability metrics differed significantly among models.Gemini produced responses that were significantly less readable and more complex than those produced by ChatGPT and Copilot across all readability indices, including FRES, FKGL, SMOG, GFOG, CLI, and ARI; post-hoc analyses confirmed differences between Gemini and the other models.Sentence counts also differed significantly, with Gemini generating longer responses than Copilot.In contrast, Likert-based quality scores and response appropriateness were comparable across models, with no statistically significant differences observed. Conclusion:This study demonstrates that AI models produce academic responses that are difficult for those unfamiliar with medical terminology to understand, and can generate outputs with variable readability in health-related content.These findings highlight the need for careful evaluation of AI-based content for use in healthcare.

Aim: Female pattern hair loss (FPHL) is the leading cause of alopecia in women, often resulting in psychological distress.In advanced stages, hair transplantation is the only effective restorative option.This study evaluated outcomes of follicular unit transplantation (FUT) and follicular unit extraction (FUE) in women.Materials and Methods: FPHL is the leading cause of alopecia in women, often resulting in psychological distress.In advanced stages, hair transplantation is the only effective restorative option.This study evaluated outcomes of FUT and FUE in women. Results:The mean age was 37 years.Indications included FPHL (46.8%) and hairline restoration (32.3%).FUT was performed in 28 patients (45.2%) and FUE in 34 (54.8%).The median graft count was 1,700.Three-hair grafts were more frequent in younger patients with good donor quality and in FUE cases.No major complications occurred.Median closure rate was 99%.Overall, 67.7% reported high satisfaction.Higher satisfaction correlated with better donor density and quality, thicker/wavier hair, and greater graft numbers.Logistic regression showed hairline indication [odds ratio (OR) 4.94, P = 0.029] and curly/wavy hair (OR 5.82, P = 0.015) as independent predictors. Conclusion:Both FUT and FUE are safe and effective in women.FUE offers broader indications and higher satisfaction.Careful patient selection, donor evaluation, and realistic expectations remain essential for optimal outcomes.

Aim: Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a life-threatening disease characterized by high rates of skin cancers.Therefore, it is important to establish key guidelines for the follow-up of these patients to detect skin cancers, particularly melanoma, at an early stage. Materials and Methods:This is a retrospective study that includes the analysis of the follow-up findings and medical records of XP patients who were followed up with whole-body skin examination, dermoscopic examination, and whole-body photographing between 2003 and 2021 in the Dermato-Oncology unit of Ege University Department of Dermatology.Results: Of the 19 patients, 10 were male and 9 were female.The youngest patient was 5 years old, while the oldest patient was 64 years old.A total of 234 lesions were excised from these patients.Seventeen melanomas were excised, including 11 in situ, with a Breslow thickness of less than 1 mm.The highest Breslow scores belong to patients who missed their appointments or did not receive follow-up care previously. Conclusion:It was observed that regular full-body skin examinations, whole-body photography, and dermoscopic monitoring performed at 3-month intervals in XP patients are helpful in detecting skin malignancies at an early stage and preventing unnecessary excisions.

Aim: This research aimed to investigate oxidative stress (OS) markers and their relation to depressive symptoms and suicide tendencies in children diagnosed with alopecia areata (AA) compared to a healthy cohort. Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional design was implemented, enrolling 30 children with AA and 30 healthy peers.The biomarkers evaluated included malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), OS index (OSI), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and homocysteine.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine their diagnostic potential.Psychiatric conditions were assessed using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition based interviews, while depressive severity and suicide risk were measured through the Beck Depression Inventory and the Suicide Probability Scale, respectively. Results:Children with AA displayed significantly elevated levels of MDA, TOS, OSI, ADMA, and homocysteine, while TAS and SOD values were notably reduced (P < 0.001).Depression and suicide scores did not differ significantly between groups.Diagnostic accuracy for TAS, TOS, OSI, and SOD reached 96.7% sensitivity and 93.3% specificity.Homocysteine, MDA, and ADMA also showed acceptable predictive power. Conclusion:The findings support a possible etiological contribution of OS in the development of AA.

Patients with XP experience various premalignant and malignant skin tumors and pigmentary changes, including multiple freckles, lentigines, actinic keratosis, melanoma, non-melanoma skin cancers, and sunburns from an early age.In addition, patients are at risk of ultraviolet-related ocular injury, progressive neurological degeneration, and worsening of skin disorders over time. 1 Currently, there is no curative treatment for XP.Early diagnosis of XP is mandatory to establish adequate sun protection and regular examinations to detect and treat premalignant and malignant overgrowths as early as possible.Managing ultraviolet-damaged skin, actinic keratosis, field cancerization, dyspigmentation, and poikilodermatous changes is mandatory to prevent skin cancer.Chemoprevention and treatment with oral retinoids, topical imiquimod, and topical 5-fluorouracil, as well as physical modalities including various skin resurfacing options, (e.g., dermabrasion, chemical peelings, carbon dioxide or erbium-YAG laser), are frequently performed for XP patients. 1However, even if the most appropriate and effective treatment is applied, the need to comply with the treatment and come for regular follow-up visits throughout the lifespan may be challenging for XP patients.

Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most prevalent form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. TNMB (tumor, lymph nodes, metastasis, blood) staging serves as the primary prognostic factor, significantly enfluencing treatment strategies. The objectives of MF therapy are tailored to each patient, focusing on achieving adequate responses to alleviate symptoms and reduce the risk of progression. Ongoing or maintenance therapies with low adverse effects are preferred to sustain disease control and enhance quality of life. This review is based on the latest international treatment guidelines from the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, and the British Association of Dermatologists and U.K. Cutaneous Lymphoma Group. In early-stage MF, SDT are effective, while systemic agents are required for early-stage refractory MF and advanced cases, including Sezary syndrome (SS). Biological and targeted therapies, as well as immunosuppressive treatments, are utilized in more severe cases, with new therapies for advanced disease currently under investigation in clinical trials. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current treatment options for MF/SS, examining their mechanisms of action, efficacy, and side effects, thereby guiding clinicians in optimizing patient care.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by nodules, abscesses, and sinus tracts in intertriginous areas. Laser-and light-based treatments are gaining popularity in HS treatment. Diode lasers act selectively in Hurley stage 1-2 patients, and intralesional laser applications are applied to various areas, such as vascular malformations and dermatological diseases. In this case report, we describe a male patient diagnosed with HS who was treated with 1470 nm intralesional diode laser.

Aim: Wound healing is a physiological process vital for survival because it restores skin integrity.Pathological scarring is an erroneous consequence of wound healing that occurs as a result of either excessive collagen deposition or degradation.Tumor necrosis factor like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) is believed to be a cytokine with major contributing effects in angiogenesis, inflammation, and cell division.This study aimed to explore the expression of TWEAK in different groups of scar tissue using immunohistochemistry and to compare the results with clinical and histological data. Materials and Methods:This study included 50 cases divided in 5 different wound healing groups.Detailed history taking and full physical examination were performed in addition to histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation of TWEAK. Results:In the epidermis, mean H-scores of TWEAK were higher in hypertrophic scars and keloids than in normal and atrophic scars.In dermal blood vessels and fibroblasts, the granulation tissue, hypertrophic, and keloid cases mean H-scores of TWEAK was higher than those of normal and atrophic cases. Conclusion:Our findings highlighted the significance of TWEAK in angiogenesis, inflammation, and fibroblast proliferation pointing to helpful function in the normal healing process of wounds, but its higher level has been linked to the development of pathological scars.