The transition of traditional food patterns has led to an escalation of non-communicable diseases which has become a burden across the globe. Hence, healthier dietary alternatives are necessary for the rectification of the nutritional status of the people. This study intends to develop a nutritionally superior whole grain cereal-based composite flour supplemented with sustainable plant sources. Whole wheat flour, rice flour, finger millet flour, cowpea flour, black cumin seed powder and Sesbania grandiflora leaves powder were blended according to the Taguchi L8 orthogonal array. The best formula was initially selected through sensory evaluation, and further optimisation was conducted according to the trial and error approach to achieve a standard formula with improved organoleptic properties. Sensory data were analyzed using non-parametric tests, specifically the Friedman and Wilcoxon tests, to compare sensory characteristics at a 95% confidence level. The composite with whole wheat flour, rice flour, finger millet flour, cowpea flour, black cumin seed powder and Sesbania grandiflora leaves powder at 50:38:5:5:0.75:0.25 ratio was selected as the highest organoleptically accepted formula. Nutritional profile of the standard formula was evaluated using standard AOAC methods. Proximate compositions represented as moisture (8.96 ± 0.11%), carbohydrate (75.17 ± 0.17 %), ash (1.24 ± 0.02 %), protein (11.16 ± 0.01 %), total fat (2.47 ± 0.13%), free fat (1.45 ± 0.07%), and fibre (1.00 ± 0.00%). The formulated composite flour can be introduced as an appropriate dietary intervention in terms of nutritional and organoleptic properties.Keywords: Composite Flour, Non-communicable diseases, Whole wheat flour, Supplementation, Sustainable

The developments in science and technology have gone through several milestones in society and can be traced back to the 1700s: The first industrial revolution during which the biggest changes came in industries in the form of mechanization marked by inventions such as the steam engine; the second industrial revolution during which the emergence of new sources of energy—electricity, gas, and oil took place leading to inventions such as the internal combustion engine; the third industrial revolution which saw the rise in electronics, telecommunications and computers, opening the doors to space expeditions and research creating an era of a high level of automation and, the fourth industrial revolution, a phase that we are currently going through is an Internet-based world of virtual reality, in which the boundaries of the physical, digital and the biological worlds overlap. Our society has become a part of these evolutionary phases and as scientists, we have been sharing the advancement of knowledge during our formal teaching and creating new knowledge through research at universities and other research organizations. Along with teaching and research, stakeholder awareness as well as identification and implementation of appropriate policy changes in Science & Technology are key in contributing to economic and social progression. The process of transforming scientific research outcomes into viable technologies and innovative solutions is complex and necessitates dedicated focus. Increasing sociopolitical pressure directs us to translate our research into products and services. However, it is well known that not all knowledge generated through research leads to innovations. Nevertheless, for the basis for innovations to be formed, a strong culture of research is required. Although our findings through applied research should be effectively translated and commercialized where possible, fundamental research should not be forgotten but encouraged. It is the quest to find the fundamental particles by scientists at CERN, that led Sir Tim Berners-Lee, to create the Internet-based World Wide Web for information sharing, considered to be one of the greatest inventions of all time. The development and deployment of the James Webb Space Telescope, designed to probe the origins and evolution of the universe, has catalyzed a multitude of groundbreaking innovations. This endeavor has not only advanced our knowledge in astrophysics but also yielded significant technological spillovers, including novel materials and cutting-edge technologies with broad applications beneficial to society at large. The consistent dissemination of research findings in scholarly journals is an important aspect of a strong research culture. The research output of a country is often seen as an indicator of the economic advancement of a country. A study conducted recently by the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics USA (https://ncses.nsf.gov), indicates a steady rise in the research output of every country, but a clear demarcation in the output levels between countries of high, middle and low-income economies as shown in the figure.

performed by panelists using a 9-point hedonic scale were used to assess nineteen treatments on different mixtures by altering the flour types and their percentages in four levels, with palmyrah pulp and small-millet flours, including finger millet, little millet, and Foxtail millet. The sample prepared from 100% finger millet flour was chosen as the most preferred sample, based on the results obtained from the sensory evaluations. Physicochemical analysis of the selected treatment revealed that pH was 5.86±0.01 and the total ash content 1.38±0.18 g/100 g was significantly (p<0.05) higher, and crude fat content 9.04±0.02 g/100 g, total salt content 0.201±0.026 g/100 g, and total sugar content 16.38 g/100g, was significantly (p<0.05) less than that of the control sample which contained wheat flour. The selected treatment of the mineral content was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of the control treatment and contained Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, and Potassium were 150, 60, 32.7 and 76.8 mg/100 g, respectively. In summary, palmyrah fruit pulp and finger millet can be used to create healthy, nutritional and affordable natural snacks “panampaniyaaram”, which will satisfy consumer preferences. Further studies are required to understand the developed product's organoleptic properties, antioxidant, vitamins, and anti-microbial activities as well as ways to extend its shelf-life. Keywords: Panampaniyaaram, palmyrah pulp, small-millets, finger millet, value-addition

The goal of this paper is to examine the effect of heuristic accuracy on the performance of search algorithms in solving 8-puzzle problems. The 8-puzzle is a popular benchmark search problem in Artificial Intelligence, and numerous search strategies have been developed to solve it. This research evaluates the performance of search algorithms using different heuristics to determine the optimal level of heuristic accuracy for solving 8-puzzle problems. Several search algorithms, including uniform cost search and A* search, were implemented and tested using different heuristics. Manhattan and Euclidean distances were chosen as heuristics for A* algorithm. Heuristics play a crucial role in guiding these algorithms towards the solution, and their accuracy can greatly impact the performance of the search. Results revealed that reduction attained in both time and space complexity by A* search with Manhattan heuristic is over 99.1% for the average case, while the reduction in the effective branching factor is over 21.1%. These results from the experiments provide insights into the trade-off between heuristic accuracy and search efficiency, and contribute to a better understanding of the behavior of search algorithms in complex problems

In early life, protein deficiency as well as heavy protein intake cause adverse conditions. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the protein adequacy of diets in 1-2-year-old toddlers in the Alawwa Medical Officer of Health (MOH) area, Kurunegala, Sri Lanka. Data on food consumption was obtained by 24-hour dietary recall method from selected caregivers (n=60) andcommonly consumed foods (n=30) were cooked using household preparation protocols practiced in the area. They were homogenized and analyzed for protein. The majority of toddlers among the selected population consumed rice-based meals (73%) as the main meal (cooked rice with vegetable accompaniments), while 27% preferred mixed diets (a mixture of vegetables, pulses, leafy vegetables and fish along with rice). A serving of commercial cereal products provided the highest estimateddaily intake (EDI) of protein (10.70 ± 0.40 g). The average EDI of protein of all categories of foods per portion (rice, vegetables, pulses, green leaves, fish, eggs, rice mixtures and cereal products) was 31.55 ± 0.88 g, contributing to the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of 242.64% and 150.17% for 1-2 year toddlers as defined by the Department of Agriculture, United States (USDA) and Sri Lankan RDA defined by Medical Research Institute (MRI), respectively. In conclusion, the cooked foods prepared according to local recipes fulfilled the dietary requirements of protein for toddlers aged 1-2 years in the Alawwa MOH area following USDA and Sri Lankan nutrition guidelines.
 Keywords: Estimated Daily Intake, Protein, Recommended Dietary Allowance, Toddlers

Cosmetics need to be resistant to microbial contamination to protect consumer health and increase shelf life, much like any other product containing water, organic and inorganic components. The aims of anti-microbiological activity are to protect consumers from potentially harmful bacteria and to preserve products subject to degradation. Chemical, physical, or physicochemical methods are used to ensure this. Organic acid preservatives, alcohols, formaldehyde releasers, halogenated preservatives, isothiazolinones, quaternary ammonium salts and chlorhexidine are among the preservatives included in the legislation. Indeed, high quantitiesare more successful from a preservation standpoint, nevertheless they are toxic to consumers, whereas low amounts can lead to microbial resistance. Accordingly, the criteria of several international legislation and validation methods for introducing microbiologically safe items to the market have become essential. Although there are many approaches based on gas chromatography (GC) as per literature, the most common methods for the determination of preservatives are based on liquid chromatography (LC). Both of these procedures, as well as capillary electrophoresis (CE) and micellar electro kinetic chromatography (MEKC), have been frequently utilized in the cosmetics industry to determine preservative levels. Analytical approaches have been primarily focused on parabens, whereas the number of available methods to investigate other preservatives is limited. There is a tendency toward the usage of miniature extraction processes where new and improved sample preparation and extraction techniques including matrix solid-phase dispersion, solid-phase extraction, pressurized liquid extraction/supercritical fluid extraction and microextraction-based method have been introduced with high levels of efficiency and extraction capacities. Considering the significance and relevance of preservatives in cosmetics, this study highlights the most recent state-of-the-art information on their safety and regulatory concerns. Given the rising influence on consumer health, sample preparation and analytical methods forpreservative detection were also investigated which have been proposed by the international scientific literature.
 Keywords: Preservatives, Cosmetics, Analytical Techniques, Derivatization, Extraction


 Inside the plasma, when an intense rippled electromagnetic radiation pulse experiences self-focusing, one need to taking account of radial expansion in view of charge displacement due to ponderomotive force on electron and variation in the mass of oscillating electron under the influence of relativistic effect due to electromagnetic field. The extraordinary-mode (E-mode) propagation in a magnetoactive plasma, with stationary magnetic field, which is analogous to the wavering magnetic field of the electromagnetic radiation pulse, is the key feature for the self-guided propagation of rippling electromagnetic radiation pulse in magnetoactive plasma. If the condition for ultra-fast volume ionization is achieved, the radiation pulse itself can generate such a stationary magnetic field. It is demonstrated that external magnetic field affects the channels, causing them to bend. These effects cast new light on the phenomena of self-focusing of rippled electromagnetic radiation pulse. They raise the possibility of combining energy from several channels into one. It is found that the magnetic field strongly influences the plasma dynamic behavior and overall propagation of rippled electromagnetic radiation pulse.
 Keywords: Self-focusing, Self-guidance, Magnetized-plasma, Beam-propagation, Nonlinearity


 Abstract:There is a growing need of sustainable building development all over the world. It aims to decrease the adverse effects to the environment due to urbanization and escalating population growth. Since the building construction is considered as one of the main concerns, the priority was given to mitigate the negative impact to the environment. Therefore, incorporating sustainable elements and techniques to the buildings to regain the land loss due to construction activities in cities is currently practicing. Adding various vegetation types through different approaches, to obtain the expected results of better living condition around the building is called as building integrated vegetation systems (BIV). Vertical gardening systems, vertical farms, constructed green roofs and roof farms can be stated as main categories of BIV systems. However, there is a paucity of published critical reviews on such systems and therefore, this study is an attempt to review the overall sustainability aspects of BIV systems including environmental sustainability, economic sustainability and social sustainability. This study consists with a critical review of 114 research publications from relevant journals and online scientific databases. Finally, the identified sustainability aspects of each BIV systems were analyzed to select the best option in terms of greening a building which can be recommended for the implementations in future. Mainly, the importance of moving towards the sustainable solution which meets the food needs through BIV is finally discussed. Finally, it can be concluded that by incorporating green architecture with smart agriculture, we can expect green, healthy and productive cities which fulfill the main requirements of sustainable cities. Though there are many challenges to overcome, maintaining good management practices will give better output. Out of the 114 literature selected for this study, only 8 research papers were discussed about the drawbacks and the limitations of the BIV systems which is still having paucity of information.
 Keywords: Building Integrated Vegetation systems, Economic Sustainability, Environmental Sustainability, Social Sustainability

Induction Motors (IMs) are now becoming the pillar of almost all the motoringapplications related to the industry and household. The practical applications of IMs usually requireconstant motoring speed. As a result, different types of control systems for IM's speed controlling havebeen shaped. One of the important techniques is the utilization of thyristor fed drive. Although, thethyristor fed induction motor drive (TFIMD) offers stable speed performance, the practical speed controldemand is much more precise. Hence, this drive system utilizes additional controllers to attain precisespeed for practical applications. This paper offers a detailed review of the controllers utilized with thethyristor fed IM drive in the past few decades to achieve good speed control performance. The clear intentof the paper is to provide a comprehensible frame of the pros and cons of the existing controllers developedfor the TFIMD speed control requirements.
 Keywords: Thyristor Fed Drives, Induction Motors, Speed Controller, Conventional Controllers, andSoft Computing Techniques.

Many consequences in the human past can be traced back to that one well-written, well-presentedspeech. Speeches grasp the power to move nations or touch hearts as long as they are well-thought-out.This is why gaining the expertise of speech giving and speech writing is something we should all intent togain. A copy-cat bot is a model that can learn the writing and talking style of a certain person and replicateit. The main objective of this research study is to apply simple Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), LongShort-Term Memory (LSTM) Recurrent Neural Networks and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) in developinga speech generation system that deep learns one text and then generates new text. This research looks intothe generation of English transcripts of Narendra Modi’s speeches. The generated text using LSTM andGRU models has great potential. The output resulted by RNN is less realistic and pragmatic, but itsvariants LSTM and GRU performed better. Though the grammatical correctness and the sentencetransitions were absent in generated text of LSTM and GRU, but their output is somewhat logical ascompared to RNN. LSTM and GRU performed better as it generated more realistic text and training lossis small, perplexity is small and mean probability is high compared to RNN.