Waste management is carried out to utilize the value that is still contained in the waste itself, namely through the process of composting, recycle / recycling, combustion (incineration), and others. Managing waste comes in the five most challenging aspects of managing a city, but strangely this sector receives less attention than other urban issues. The quality of waste services is one indicator of good city governance. Therefore, waste management is still a big challenge for the cities in Indonesia. These challenges include public awareness that is still relatively low, especially those selling in the market, the lack of waste collection facilities, and the limited number of sanitation extension workers so that the intensity of counseling is still low. Every region in Indonesia has its own regional regulations regarding waste management. Policies related to waste management in Kebumen Regency are regulated in the Regional Regulation of Kebumen Regency No. 34 of 2011. The regulation contains a reduction in the volume of waste, statements related to fees, compensation, partnerships, dispute resolution, investigations, and criminal provisions. The Kebumen Regency Public Works Office can manage 840 m³s of garbage every day, but only 320 m³s of garbage can be transported by sanitation workers to Semali TPA and Kaligending TPA. Specifically in the case of specific waste treatment, PKU Muhammadiyah Sruweng Hospital has used 20 closed tube containers with yellow plastic coated 60 liter and replaced every day for medical waste produced. The success of waste management policies in an area is seen from the factors of human resources, communication, facilities and infrastructure, and law.

Calombo hamlet, Semarang Regency has a population of 1,125 peoples, live at coast side of Rawapening Lake. Much of the water hyacinth covered Rawapening Lake thus decreasing fisheries production. The growth of water hyacinth has been decreased by using it as craft materials and compost, but not optimally. Need other efforts to reduce the density for example convert or utilize water hyacinth for biogas and liquid fertilizer. The objectives of the programs are approach the society by socializing about the benefits of water hyacinth convert to biogas and liquid fertilizer, to train skilled of people to build a biogas unit. The result of this programs makes a biogas unit MERCEDES (Mesophilic Reactor Anaerobic Digestion) which produces biogas and liquid fertilizer. The economic potential is obtained if all households apply them (equivalent with energy) about IDR 17.112 million per year, a liquid fertilizer about IDR 200.000 per household per day, the environmental potential reduction of water hyacinth growth about 6-15% per year, providing knowledge to the community to build a biogas unit and Mr. Musyafa has been utilize the biogas and fertilizer and have formed the structure of the organization to manage and develop the biogas unit for sustainability the program.

There are many factors that influence surface water quality and each of them needs to be thoroughly investigated. Amongst them, landfills are representing a threat to many areas of our environment and particularly in our water resources. Therefore, landfill activity needs to be addressed in order to maintain solid catchment characteristics and old quality of water resources. The focus of this research is to assess the impacts of sanitary and illegal landfills on surface water quality. In Kosovo, there are still remains of old municipality damp sites, new regional sanitary landfills as well as illegal waste disposal sites. There are also industrial waste disposal sites, agricultural waste and demolition waste, too. All those are imposing a higher stress to our environment and to our water resources. In our country, the estimated waste from municipal wastes only, reaches up to 319,034 t/year. About 42% of Kosovo population is provided with the waste collection service (The State of Waste in Kosovo, 2009). This rate is highest in the Prishtina region where it reaches up to 64%, in the 2007 year. In this paper will be presented the generated waste projection and the impacts of the landfills on the surface water quality. As the conclusion, the use of best management techniques to minimize those problems will be given.

Zinc (Zn) is essential heavy metal for plant growth, but could be lethal for some aquatic organisms. While its accumulation in mangrove ecosystem increased along with the increasing input to the river runoff. This research aimed to observe the concentration of Zn in mangrove sediment and water within mangrove ecosystem in Demak coastal area and its pollution state. This research was conducted through observation involving 4 sampling stations and 3 sampling transects at each station. Data collection including mangrove structure and concentration of Zn in mangrove sediment and water. The result showed that mangrove distribution along Demak coastal area varied among stations. Station 1 and station 2 consist of Avicennia marina only, while station 3 consist of Avicennia marina and Rhizophora mucronata and station 4 consist of Avicennia marina, Rhizophora mucronata and Rhizophora stylosa. Average sediment heavy metal concentration at each station was: 415.81 mg/kg; 561.15 mg/kg; 486.23 mg/kg and 11,507.18 mg/kg respectively. While average heavy metal concentration in mangrove water was 0.12 mg/l; 0.12 mg/l; 0.09 mg/l and 0.17 mg/l respectively. The concentration of heavy metal in mangrove water of Demak region had exceed the maximum limit allowed by the government; while the sediment concentration of heavy metal had exceed tha suitable concentration for organisms.

In this study, the performance of several differently treated natural zeolites in a sequential pyrolysis and catalytic reforming of plastic materials i.e. polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS) were investigated. The experiments were carried out on two stage reactor using semi-batch system. The samples were degraded at 500°C in the pyrolysis reactor and then reformed at 450°C in the catalytic reformer. The results show that the mordenite-type natural zeolites could be used as efficient catalysts for the conversion of PP and PS into liquid and gaseous fuel. The treatment of natural zeolites in HCl solution showed an increase of the surface area and the Si/Al ratio while nickel impregnation increased the activity of catalyst. As a result, liquid product was reduced while gaseous product was increased. For PP, the fraction of gasoline (C 5 -C 12 ) increased in the presence of catalysts. Natural zeolite catalysts could also be used to decrease the heavy oil fraction (>C 20 ). The gaseous products were found that propene was dominated in all conditions. For PS, propane and propene were the main components of gases in the presence of nickel impregnated natural zeolite catalyst. Propene was dominated in pyrolysis over natural zeolite catalyst. The high quality of gaseous product can be used as a fuel either for driving gas engines or for dual-fuel diesel engine.

<p><em>Constructed wetland is one of the alternatives to increase water quality before it flowed into waterways.</em><em> Sub Surface Flow</em><em> Wetland</em><em> System is one </em><em>type </em><em>of the constructed wetland for waste water treatment which </em><em>is </em><em>us</em><em>ing</em><em> symbiotic relation between water plants and microorganism around rooting system (</em><em>r</em><em>hi</em><em>z</em><em>osphere) in media</em><em>.</em><em> </em>Cyperus alternifolius <em>and </em>Canna indica, L<em>. as well as gravel and sand media are plants and medias that can be used in constructed wetland. </em><em>This research aimed to analyze </em><em>the effectiveness of plant species between </em>Cyperus alternifolius <em>and </em>Canna indica, L<em>. as well as </em><em>the effectiveness of gravel and sand media to decrease nitrite, ammoniak, BOD, and COD concentrations</em><em>. Four reactors SSF-Wetlands with dimension of 120 cm x 30 cm x 50 cm were used in this research. </em><em>The study was conducted over 12 days following the acclimatization of plants for 7 days. Data analysis were performed by comparing the degradation coefficient (k) of BOD, COD, nitrite, and ammonia concentrations with retention time of the effluent.</em><em> </em><em>The results showed that the degradation rate for the reactor with with gravel media and Cyperus </em>alternifolius<em> for nitrite variable was 0.60, ammonia 0.49, BOD 0.45, and COD 0.36. </em>Cyperus alternifolius<em> have a higher effectiveness in reducing the concentration of nitrite, ammonia , BOD and COD than </em>Canna indica , L<em>. Reactors with gravel media have higher effectiveness in reducing BOD , COD , ammonia and nitrite concentration than sand media.</em><em> </em></p> <p><em> </em></p> <em>Keywords : </em>Canna indica. L.<em> , </em>Cyperus alternifolius, <em>SSF - Wetland, , WWTP effluent of pharmaceutical industry</em>