Stainless steels are widely used for their corrosion resistance, yet field failures demonstrate that meeting nominal specifications and datasheet values does not guarantee reliable performance. This paper reviews industrial case studies from food processing, desalination, chemical, and petrochemical sectors, where corrosion and cracking were traced to metallurgical and environmental interactions—such as low molybdenum in 316, nitrogen deficiency in duplex grades, weld sensitization, and sigma-phase formation. Key metallurgical thresholds (see Section 6) including Mo, N, C limits and PREN criteria and elemental synergies are proposed as practical selection criteria. The study reframes stainless-steel selection as both a technical and management challenge, offering a mechanism-based framework to improve procurement and management decisions. By integrating metallurgical insight with operational realities, this work aims to prevent a significant portion of stainless-steel failures.

The escalating impacts of ecological shifts present serious challenges to non-motorized transportation (walking, bicycling) facilities (NMTFs) and micromobility in Delaware. This study examines how coastal flow, temperature, flooding, and urbanization affect the accessibility, safety, and resilience of active transportation systems, using Delaware as a case study through geospatial analysis and demographic overlays. GIS-based mapping was applied to evaluate exposure of transportation infrastructure under coastal flow scenarios ranging from 1 to 7 feet, revealing that several NMTF corridors intersect with high-risk flood zones, posing threats to long-term usability. Projected temperature increases of 2.5 - 4.5˚F by 2050 may promote active transportation during moderate conditions but also disrupt usage through infrastructure strain, health risks, and service interruptions. Flooding further damages critical infrastructure, while urbanization compounds these risks by increasing impervious surfaces, reducing natural drainage, and concentrating populations in vulnerable areas. Spatial analysis highlights significant overlaps between areas of high ecological exposure and communities reliant on walking, biking, and micromobility, underscoring the urgency of integrating adaptive infrastructure such as shaded pathways, elevated bike lanes, and flood-resilient surfaces into transportation planning. Expanding micromobility networks, enhancing cooling strategies, and prioritizing adaptive policies can mitigate ecological impacts on mobility and public health, contributing to more inclusive and sustainable environments. The findings highlight the need for resilient active transportation planning in areas facing ecological pressures. Future work may expand the analysis by incorporating community-based surveys and analytical tools to evaluate user experiences under changing environmental conditions.

As a transportation infrastructure that combines livelihood security and public service attributes, the sustainable operation of ferries highly relies on government subsidies and support. This article is based on cost theory and the principle of public policy efficiency, combined with three typical cases of Shantou Ferry (urban commuting type), Bohai Ferry (regional passenger rolling type), and Zhuhai Wanshan Islands Ferry (island livelihood type), to systematically analyze the policy framework, implementation mechanism, and cost composition of ferry subsidies in China. Research has found that the current subsidy system has three major structural problems: a “target deviation funnel”, an “efficiency loss funnel”, and a “regulatory deficiency funnel”. Among them, island ferries face a special dilemma of “spatiotemporal mismatch funnel” due to their wide service radius and large passenger flow fluctuations. By constructing a three-dimensional optimization model of “precise cost accounting-dynamic adjustment-full process supervision”, this paper proposes measures such as classification subsidy mechanism, market-oriented compensation path, and digital supervision system, providing theoretical references and practical paradigms for improving the effectiveness of different types of ferry subsidy policies.

Pultrusion remains one of the most efficient continuous manufacturing processes for producing high-strength, fiber-reinforced polymer composites. This review examines the pultrusion of graphite/Bismaleimide (BMI) systems by integrating three decades of research—from early experimental characterization to modern advances in process modeling, automation, and material sustainability. The analysis compares pultrusion with alternative composite manufacturing routes and consolidates best practices for achieving thermal and mechanical stability. Experimental foundations from Leong (1990) and the subsequent NASA-supported work by Vaughan and collaborators (1991-2013) are revisited alongside recent developments in digital-twin simulation, adaptive die control, and recyclable resin chemistries (2015-2025). Persistent challenges in resin-flow uniformity, die-heating optimization, and void control are identified, and their mitigation through intelligent process design is discussed. The synthesis highlights how automation, AI-assisted monitoring, and sustainable BMI analogues are transforming pultrusion from a semi-empirical process into a predictive, energy-efficient, and environmentally responsible manufacturing platform. Recommendations for future research emphasize deeper integration of data-driven control, advanced resin systems, and multi-physics modeling to enhance reliability, performance, and sustainability in next-generation composite structures.

In quantum mechanics, besides the Copenhagen interpretation where the wave function collapses upon observation to yield a single measurement value, there is the many-worlds interpretation initiated by Everett. If this many-worlds interpretation is correct, it implies that the real world splits into many, leading to the existence of so-called branching universes (parallel universes). Traditionally, it has been considered impossible to prove this existence, but I have discovered that it can logically be demonstrated by conducting experiments like the ones outlined below. Therefore, in order to deepen our understanding of the universe, I would like to have individuals with the necessary technology and knowledge carry out this experiment to prove the existence of branching universes.

Gassy soils are distributed in relatively shallow layers the Quaternary deposit in Hangzhou Bay area. The shallow gassy soils significantly affect the construction of underground projects. Proper characterization of spatial distribution of shallow gassy soils is indispensable prior to construction of underground projects in the area. Due to the costly conditions required in the site investigation for gassy soils, only a limited number of gas pressure data can be obtained in engineering practice, which leads to the uncertainty in characterizing spatial distribution of gassy soils. Determining the number of boreholes for investigating gassy soils and their corresponding locations is pivotal to reducing construction risk induced by gassy soils. However, this primarily relies on the engineering experience in the current site investigation practice. This study develops a probabilistic site investigation optimization method for planning investigation schemes (including the number and locations of boreholes) of gassy soils based on the conditional random field and Monte Carlo simulation. The proposed method aims to provide an optimal investigation scheme before the site investigation based on prior knowledge. Finally, the proposed approach is illustrated using a case study.

This study was conducted at Gishari College Demonstration Farm to investigate the performance evaluation of tractor-drawn mouldboard and disc plows, the spatial variability of soil properties, and the economic efficiency of tillage operations. The research aimed to optimize tillage practices by providing insights into how different plows perform under varying soil conditions and their associated operational costs. To achieve these objectives, a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was employed over a 3,600 m2 area Treatments combined two types of plows (Mouldboard and Disc) with three plowing depths (10 cm, 15 cm, and 20 cm), resulting in six treatment combinations replicated across the farm. Data on fuel consumption, soil resistance, weed count, cutting width, field capacity, field efficiency, and wheel slippage were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study revealed that the soil texture across the farm was predominantly sandy loam, characterized by an average sand content of 62.13%, silt at 28.75%, and clay at 9.12%. Bulk density was found to increase with soil depth, from 1.015 g/cm3 at 0 - 10 cm to 1.338 g/cm3 at 0 - 20 cm, while moisture content also increased from 21.01% to 26.09% within the same depth range. Spatial analysis identified distinct zones of compaction and moisture retention, highlighting the importance of targeted soil management practices to enhance soil health and productivity. The performance evaluation showed that the mouldboard plow achieved superior results in terms of cutting width, effective field capacity, and soil inversion. Specifically, it recorded a cutting width of 0.654 m and an effective field capacity of 0.334 ha/hr at 0 - 10 cm depth. However, it also exhibited higher wheel slippage, reaching 22.35% at 0 - 20 cm depth, and required more operational time compared to the disc plow. The disc plow, although having a narrower cutting width and lower field capacity, demonstrated higher field efficiency (up to 93.684%) and lower wheel slippage (16.60% at 0 - 10 cm), making it more suitable for shallow tillage and harder soils. Both plows showed comparable soil inversion capabilities, with no significant differences in weed burial effectiveness. Therefore, the disc plow presents a preferable option for operations where cost sensitivity and fuel efficiency are critical, whereas the mouldboard plow remains essential for tasks requiring thorough soil inversion and deeper plowing. The mouldboard plow is recommended for deep tillage and effective soil turnover, particularly in fields with high weed pressure, while the disc plow is better suited for routine, cost-efficient operations in fields where traction and operational speed are prioritized. The findings advocate for a balanced approach to tillage selection, considering both soil management and economic sustainability to optimize agricultural productivity under varying field conditions.

Based on the relative spatial characteristics of overlying coal pillar and underlying mining faces, three types of coal pillar mining workfaces were classified as vertical coal pillars, parallel coal pillars, and oblique intersecting coal pillars. Taking the geological conditions of comprehensive mechanized caving mining face under the overlying coal pillars in Buertai Mine Shendong Coal Group as an example, the characteristics, occurrence mechanisms, and prevention and control technologies of mine pressure manifestation under three types of coal pillar mining workfaces were studied. According to the mine pressure manifestation data of the 4-2 coal seam mining face in Buertai Coal Mine, it was found that when there is stress concentration caused by the remaining 2-2 coal pillars in the overlying coal seam, the pressure manifestation on the 4-2 coal seam mining face varies from strong to weak as follows: mining-out of the parallel coal pillars, mining-in of the parallel coal pillars, and vertical coal pillars in the middle area of the mining face. Based on the geological characteristics of the strata between the 2-2 coal seam and 4-2 coal seam, the fracture evolution characteristics, such as “O-X” shape, of the 4-2 coal mining face roof were analyzed. It was pointed out that the spatial stability of the “fan-shaped lever” under the stress concentration of the overlying coal pillars is the main control factor determining the load of the mining face shield, which is the mechanism of the pressure manifestation of the underlying mining face when mining under the parallel coal pillars. For the vertical coal pillars overlying the mining face, a coal pillar stress transfer model based on the foundation beam was proposed, which revealed the composite fracture mechanism of rock mass between the overlying vertical coal pillars and the underlying coal pillars. Taking the pressure prevention and control in the mining faces 42106 and 42108 under the coal pillars in Buertai Coal Mine as cases, the strong mine pressure prevention and control technology under the overlying coal pillars was introduced. The on-site pressure prevention outcomes were good.

The traditional Diaofang in the Maerkang region exhibits distinct regional characteristics and serves as a representative example of Diaofang architecture. This study focuses on the traditional Diaofang dwellings in Maerkang, conducting an in-depth analysis of their architectural spatial features, including layout, elevation, and structural systems. The analysis is based on primary data collected through field visits, surveys, and measurements. Furthermore, the research investigates the relationship between these dwellings and the local human history and natural environment, aiming to provide foundational data for a comprehensive understanding of Diaofang architecture in Maerkang.