Introduction: Substance use during adolescence and young adulthood is a major public health concern, particularly for alcohol and opioids. Neurocognitive impairments related to substance use can adversely affect executive functioning and decision-making. This study compared cognitive functioning and demographic profiles of adolescents and young adults using alcohol or opioids with healthy controls.Method: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted with alcohol users (n = 36) and opioid users (n = 36), each matched with 36 healthy controls. Sociodemographic data including age, gender, education, socioeconomic status, marital status, and parental education were recorded. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Trail Making Test (Parts A and B) and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Independent t-tests and chi-square tests were applied for analysis.Results: Cases and controls did not differ significantly in age, gender, marital status, residency, or socioeconomic status. Substance users showed marked cognitive deficits compared to controls. Both alcohol and opioid users had significantly longer completion times on Trail Making Tests A and B (p < 0.0001). On WCST, cases completed fewer categories and demonstrated more total errors, perseverative errors, and perseverative responses (all p < 0.0001). Alcohol users additionally had significantly higher failures to maintain set, unlike opioid users.Conclusion: Adolescents and young adults with alcohol and opioid use exhibited significant impairments in executive function, attention, and cognitive flexibility. Early detection and cognitive rehabilitation are essential to limit long-term neurocognitive consequences. How to cite this article:Shankar V, Roopalatha M. A Study on the Spectrum of Fungal Pathogens Isolated in ICU patient: A Study from Tertiary Care Centre. J Commun Dis. 2025;57(3):1-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202561

Les éleveurs des petits ruminants sont confrontés à des difficultés dans la gestion de troupeau dans le Département de Man entrainant ainsi un faible niveau de production. Cette étude avait pour objectif de déterminer les pratiques et les pathologies dans les élevages des petits ruminants. Elle a été réalisée sur un échantillon de 76 éleveurs de petits ruminants dans huit villages de la commune de Man. Les paramètres pris en compte étaient les caractéristiques sociodémographiques; la conduite d’élevage, le niveau sanitaire et les contraintes d’élevages. Les résultats ont montré que l’élevage était plus pratiqué par les hommes (90,8%), les personnes non scolarisées (52,6%) et 78,9% des éleveurs n’avaient aucune formation. L’alimentation était basée sur le fourrage naturel (92,1%). Au niveau sanitaire, 78,9% des éleveurs enquêtés ont relaté qu’ils nettoyaient leur enclos et la fréquence de nettoyage deux fois par semaine était la plus rencontrée. Les symptômes de pathologie ont été aussi rapportés par 96,1% d’é

Loneliness, Intersectionality and People with Intellectual Disabilities: A Literature Review and Comprehensive Model of the Multiple Connections between Loneliness and Intellectual Disability was published in Einsamkeit, Sinnsuche, Teilhabe on page 131.

Spinal cord injury results in severe sensory and motor deficits, with a dramatic impact on lifespan and healthspan, due to the limited regenerative capacity of the central nervous system. Following the initial injury, glial scarring and extracellular matrix barriers prevent axonal regeneration, while secondary damage exacerbates inflammation and tissue loss. The gold standard treatment in the last decades is acute surgery and systemic drug administration. New technologies have been developed, such as stem cell therapies, or the combinatory use of biomaterials, nonetheless still offering limited recovery. Successful therapies must act directly on neurons, activating regenerative pathways, while simultaneously promoting a pro-regenerative environment. However, polymeric materials have, in recent years, shown a regenerative potential through a series of different processes, from promoting neural regeneration by supporting tissue repair and reducing inflammation, to local drug delivery mechanisms. In this work, we systematize the state-of-the-art, exploring recent advancements in polymer-based therapies for spinal cord injury, discussing their characteristics, limitations, and promising future applications.

Existing research of extreme rainfall impact on transport networks primarily examines the effect of waterlogging. Although the other two main factors-reduced visibility and traffic-signal power outages-have been shown to significantly affect road operation, their contributions at the network scale remain underexplored. Taking a macroscopic approach, this study gauges the impacts of these three factors on the road network connectivity and efficiency during extreme rainfall through a case study of 26 Local Government Areas in and around Greater London. The result shows that focusing solely on waterlogging while disregarding reduced visibility and traffic signal power failures overestimates road capacities by 15-30% and underestimates network efficiency impacts by 1–23% under different rainfall scenarios. Particularly, the largest impact underestimation is observed for 1-in-30-year rainfall risk, where waterlogging is less dominant, while poor visibility considerably contributes to the impacts. The analysis also suggests that signal power failures during rainfall have limited, localised effects at the network level.

We analyze California’s gubernatorial recall system using basic ideas from the mathematical theory of social choice. We expose some pathologies of the system, use computer simulations to explore how often these pathologies might occur, investigate the effects of strategic voting on the analysis, and suggest changes to the system that cure the pathologies.