358 (Finland)

Whereas chord transcription has received considerable attention during the past couple of decades, far less work has been devoted to transcribing and encoding the rhythmic patterns that occur in a song. The topic is especially relevant for instruments such as the rhythm guitar, which is typically played by strumming rhythmic patterns that repeat and vary over time. However, in many cases one cannot objectively define a single "right" rhythmic pattern for a given song section. To create a dataset with well-defined ground-truth labels, we asked expert musicians to transcribe the rhythmic patterns in 410 popular songs and record cover versions where the guitar tracks followed those transcriptions. To transcribe the strums and their corresponding rhythmic patterns, we propose a three-step framework. Firstly, we perform approximate stem separation to extract the guitar part from the polyphonic mixture. Secondly, we detect individual strums within the separated guitar audio, using a pre-trained foundation model (MERT) as a backbone. Finally, we carry out a pattern-decoding process in which the transcribed sequence of guitar strums is represented by patterns drawn from an expert-curated vocabulary. We show that it is possible to transcribe the rhythmic patterns of the guitar track in polyphonic music with quite high accuracy, producing a representation that is human-readable and includes automatically detected bar lines and time signature markers. We perform ablation studies and error analysis and propose a set of evaluation metrics to assess the accuracy and readability of the predicted rhythmic pattern sequence.

هدفت الدراسة الحالي إلى قياس أثر الاستثمار العام على النمو الاقتصادي في مصر باستخدام نموذج الانحدار الذاتي لفترات الإبطاء الموزعة خلال الفترة (1990-2023). وقد أكدت الدراسة على أهمية الاستثمار العام باعتباره أداة الدولة في تحقيق هدفها الاقتصادي، ولكونه أيضا يعتبر مرآة الدولة في نشاطها الاقتصاد لا سيما في البلدان التي تتبع نظاما متدخلا للدولة في النشاط الاقتصادي كحالة مصر. وعبر استخدام نموذج الاقتصاد القياسي المتمثل في نموذج الانحدار الذاتي لفترات الإبطاء الموزعة، قد تبين وجود أثر إيجابي للاستثمار العام ونسبة تراكم رأس المال الإجمالي على النمو الاقتصادي. فيما ظهر أثر سلبي لمتغير كفاءة الحكومة/ أو فاعليتها على معدل النمو الاقتصادي. وهو ما يعني أهمية الدور الاقتصادي للدولة في مصر وأن تعزيز فاعليته ورفع كفاءة استخدام المالية العامة للدولة هو السبيل لتدعيم أهداف النمو الاقتصادي المستدام. وقد تبين دقة نتائج لدراسة وصلاحية النموذج من حيث الاختبارات التشخيصية. ولذلك توصي الدراسة بأهمية التحول نحو تطبيق مبادئ الحكومة الرشيد وتعزيز المسائلة والشفافية خاص في أوجه إنفاق الاستثمار العام.

Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is associated with high mortality rates. There are multiple challenges to establishing an accurate early diagnosis and providing state-of-the-art care for AMI patients. A high index of suspicion is key for early diagnosis. Once suspicion is raised, a triphasic computed tomography angiography is the essential diagnostic tool. Avoiding delays, using hybrid operating rooms and contemporary revascularization techniques for arterial occlusive AMI, can significantly improve the prognosis. Regional health care systems should be developed to direct AMI patients into centers with sufficient capabilities for providing all aspects of care at all hours. The acute care surgeon has a central role in performing laparotomies and bowel resections when needed and coordinating the management flow in close collaboration with vascular surgeons and interventional radiologists for prompt and effective revascularization. A significant share of patients with an arterial occlusive AMI can be managed by endovascular revascularization without the need for a laparotomy. There are no reliable tools for predicting transmural bowel necrosis, and individual assessment and clinical experience are very important in decision-making when choosing between laparotomy and close observation. During laparotomy, an atherosclerotic occlusion at the root of the superior mesenteric artery can be stented by using a retrograde open mesenteric or percutaneous approach, and surgical bypass is seldom needed. Using hospital-specific management pathways is very useful for the standardization of care in arterial occlusive AMI. In venous AMI, systemic anticoagulation is sufficient in most cases. In patients whose symptoms do not resolve, there are various options for endovascular and surgical revascularization. In nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia, prevention by maintaining sufficient abdominal perfusion pressure is key. High-level evidence is scarce, but with current knowledge, the prognosis of AMI patients has plenty of room for improvement.

To compare odds of maternal morbidity by mode of becoming pregnant and type of medically assisted reproduction treatments: fertility-enhancing drugs, intrauterine insemination (IUI), and assisted reproductive technology (ART) with autologous or donor oocytes. Birth certificates were used to study maternal morbidity among the birthing population in Utah between 2009 and 2017 (N=469,919 deliveries); 22,543 pregnancies occurred through medically assisted reproduction (4.8%). Maternal morbidity was identified as a binary variable, indicating the presence of any of the following: blood transfusion, unplanned operating room procedure, admission to intensive care unit, eclampsia, unplanned hysterectomy, and ruptured uterus. Using logistic regression, we assessed maternal morbidity among medically assisted reproduction pregnancies (overall and by type of treatment) compared with unassisted pregnancies in the overall sample before and after adjustment for individual sociodemographics (age at birth, family structure, level of education, Hispanic origin, parity), and pre-existing comorbidities (ie, chronic hypertension, heart disease, asthma), multifetal gestation, and obstetric comorbidities (ie, placenta previa, placental abruption, cesarean delivery). Individuals becoming pregnant through medically assisted reproduction had higher risk of maternal morbidity, with odds ratios (ORs) increasing as medically assisted reproduction treatments become more invasive. Associations were largely attenuated when accounting for multifetal gestation and further reduced after controlling for obstetric comorbidities. However, ART with autologous oocytes (OR 1.46, 95% CI, 1.20-1.78) maintained higher coefficients compared with unassisted pregnancies. In models including only singletons, after controlling for obstetric comorbidities, the OR differences in maternal morbidity between all medically assisted reproduction groups and unassisted pregnancies were no longer statistically significant. More invasive medically assisted reproduction treatments (ART and IUI) are associated with higher odds of maternal morbidity, whereas less invasive treatments are not. This relationship is partially explained by higher prevalence of multifetal gestation and obstetric comorbidities in people undergoing more invasive treatment, but the persistent association suggests subfertility itself may contribute to maternal morbidity.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of a 16-week Baduanjin exercise programme on the psychological status and heart rate variability (HRV) of college students in a sports-disadvantaged group, offering a theoretical basis for the potential of Baduanjin exercise to improve mental health.Trial DesignThis prospective study enrolled 93 college students from Wuyi University, exempt from the National Standards for Students’ Physical Health due to illness or disability. The participants were divided into a control group (n = 47) and an experimental group (n = 46). Over 16 weeks, the experimental group engaged in the Baduanjin exercise, whereas the control group did not participate in regular physical training.MethodsWe assessed the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R, the primary outcome) scores and HRV (time domain and frequency domain indices, the secondary outcomes) of all participants both before and after the 16-week programme.Results(1) Post-16 weeks of Baduanjin exercise, a statistically significant difference was observed in the SCL-90-R scores between the control and experimental groups (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Notably, the scores for interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, psychoticism, and other factors (predominantly relating to sleep and diet) were significantly lower in the experimental group (t = 4.234, 2.616, 3.450, 2.226, 3.980, P < 0.01, P < 0.05). (2) Following the exercise regimen, the experimental group showed a substantial decrease in heart rate, low-frequency (LF) power, and the LF/high-frequency ratio (LF/HF ratio), and a significant increase in HF compared with the control group (t = 2.358, 4.528, − 2.595, P < 0.05 P < 0.01).ConclusionSixteen weeks of Baduanjin exercise may substantially enhance HRV, potentially aiding in balancing sympathetic–vagal nerve activity and thus contributing to the regulation of mental health.

<bold>Background:</bold> The link between use of oral corticosteroids (OCS) and serious adverse events (SAEs) in asthma is well-described. In contrast, whether use of high-dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) has a risk on these is not clear. <bold>Aim:</bold> Using Swedish data from the NORdic Dataset for aSThmA Research (NORDSTAR) cohort we examined whether current high-dose ICS exposure is associated with incident CS-related SAEs <bold>Methods:</bold> This was an observational cohort study including asthma patients ≥18 years between 2009-19. We used Cox regression models to examine the association between current ICS exposure (daily µg budesonide as a time-dependent predictor) and CS-related SAEs including osteoporosis, type-2 diabetes (T2D), cataract and pneumonia with patients using no ICS as reference. Age, sex, and OCS dose were included as covariates. <bold>Results:</bold> Overall, 529,203 asthma patients were included. We found a dose-response association between SAEs and increasing daily ICS doses. HRs of osteoporosis increased if ICS dose >800 µg: HR 1.23 (95%CI 1.16-1.30) if 800-1599 µg and HR 1.4 (95%CI 1.24-1.58) with >2400µg per day. T2D HR increased from 1.11 (95%CI 1.06-1.16) if 800-1599µg to HR 1.58 (95%CI 1.42-1.77) with >2400µg daily. Likewise, cataract risk increased with higher ICS doses. Lastly, pneumonia risk increased from HR 1.65 (95%CI 1.58-1.72) to 2.91 (95%CI 2.68-3.16) if dose increased from 800-1599 to >2400µg. <bold>Conclusion:</bold> We identified a dose-dependent added risk of current high-dose ICS use on several CS-related SAEs. This highlights the importance for clinicians to consider this risk in patients treated with high-dose ICS. More studies are needed to further investigate this association.

Background and purposeTime-restricted feeding (TRF) is a dietary pattern that alternates between periods of fasting and feeding, which has gained significant attention in recent years. The 16/8 approach consists of fasting for 16 h and feeding for an 8-h window, while the 12/12 method consists of fasting for 12 h and a 12-h feeding window. Limited research exists comparing the effects of these methods coupled with physical activity (PA). The aim of this investigation was to examine the acute effects between conditions of varying TRF durations (12 and 16 h) and PA intensities on the fat oxidation rate (FOR). It was hypothesized that i) the TRF16 conditions would exhibit higher FORmax and that PA would enhance these effects, and ii) High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) would result in greater effects on FORmax compared to Low-Moderate Intensity Steady State Continuous Training (MICT) PA.Methods and resultsEighteen young adults (age: 23 ± 2.0 yrs., body mass index: 23.5 ± 2.8 kg·m−2) were recruited and participated in the supervised intervention. The discrete component open circuit spirometry system was used to measure oxygen consumption (VO2), and Frayne’s equation was used to determine the FOR plus FORmax. ANOVA was used to determine pre/post-intervention differences in FORmax. The FORmax for the TRF16 + HIIT intervention was significantly higher than the TRF12 (mean difference = 0.099 g·min-1, p = 0.011, 95% CI 0.017 to 0.180) and TRF16 fast alone (mean difference = 0.093 g·min-1, p = 0.002, 95% CI 0.027 to 0.159). The FORmax for TRF12 + HIIT intervention was significantly higher than the TRF12 fast alone (mean difference = 0.070 g·min−1, p = 0.023, 95% CI 0.007 to 0.134). The TRF16 + HIIT intervention was also significantly higher than the TRF12 fast alone (mean difference = 0.099 g·min−1, p = 0.011, 95% CI 0.017 to 0.180).ConclusionThis study contributes to the ever-growing body of literature on the acute effects of TRF and PA on young adult males and females. The findings suggest that the TRF16 + HIIT PA intervention results in the highest FORmax. Trial registrationRetrospective Registration ISRCTN # 10076373 (October 6, 2023).

Understanding the link between plantar force, pressure, and foot discomfort is important for nursing students' well-being, given the prevalence of foot and ankle musculoskeletal disorders among nurses. Assessing these factors can inform tailored self-care interventions, supporting holistic nursing education. To assess the plantar force and pressure distribution of third-year nursing students at baseline and after 5months of exposure to a clinical setting. A prospective cohort study in a Portuguese nursing school measured changes in podiatric profile at 5months, including peak pressure, maximum force, and contact area. Elevated mean peak pressure in the heel correlated positively with maximum force and contact area. Negative correlations were found between the contact area and edema. Peak pressure correlated positively with thigh pain, indicating pressure transfer to metatarsal heads. The findings underscore the importance of integrating ergonomic education into nursing curricula and raising awareness of self-care interventions.

The literature on open innovation (OI) has mainly been focused on the ‘bright side’ of OI, thus neglecting the limits of OI implementation influencing innovation processes during organizational change. It requires to develop a better understanding about the limits of OI. Therefore, this study explores the limits of OI during organizational change and provides approaches that drive firms to offset these limits. The empirical analysis is based on an in‐depth single case study and data was collected through semi‐structured interviews with the representatives engaged with Partner Campus – an OI initiative developed by a multinational manufacturing company. We have found that during the change process of adapting collaborative and absorptive capabilities, and developing organizational readiness, several internal and external challenges limit the company's drive to open up. Internal challenges arise when organizations start the change process in unfreezing stage. The traditional organizational culture and structure challenge incumbent firms to break the existing silos and utilize knowledge and resources effectively for OI implementation, hindering intra‐organizational collaboration. While external challenges arise when organizations transform their endeavors across organizational boundaries and collaborate with external stakeholders. When firms lack knowledge integration and technological capabilities, OI creates collaborative complexity given the magnitude of involved diverse actors and activities at different levels, which challenges the organizations to maintain the longevity of OI practices, resulting in several risks that limit firms to open up. However, we have identified the capabilities and actions that firms can take to strengthen a collaborative environment by counterbalancing these challenges. We contribute to the literature on OI by identifying and assessing the limits of OI, embedded in the organizational change process, that hinder organizational drive for OI. We also contribute to organizational change literature by identifying specific changes related to organizational processes, structure, and culture, and outlining approaches that can support a smooth transition.