Abcam (United States)

En el presente trabajo el autor realiza un análisis crítico de la práctica adoptada por las Salas Comerciales de Lima, las cuales vienen exigiendo que los laudos arbitrales cuenten con una motivación equiparable a la de las resoluciones judiciales, basándose en una interpretación extensiva y discutible del artículo 61.1.b de la Ley de Arbitraje, pese a que ambas jurisdicciones responden a naturalezas distintas. Para ello, el autor realiza un estudio riguroso de los formantes doctrinales, los principales aportes nacionales y extranjeros, así como la jurisprudencia de las Salas Comerciales y del Tribunal Constitucional, además del marco legislativo aplicable. En particular, aborda la ausencia de una causal expresa de anulación de laudo por vicios de motivación, y se propone una alternativa interpretativa que permita atender a dicho problema sin recurrir a extensiones normativas cuestionables.

O câncer de endométrio é a neoplasia ginecológica mais comum em países desenvolvidos e tem apresentado aumento de incidência no Brasil. Ele se divide em dois subtipos principais: o tipo I, geralmente associado à exposição ao estrogênio, e o tipo II, mais agressivo e independente de estímulo hormonal. Esta revisão sistemática tem como objetivo descrever a epidemiologia, os fatores de risco e as estratégias de prevenção do câncer de endométrio, comparando as diferenças entre os tipos I e II. Foram incluídos artigos publicados entre 2009 e 2024 nas bases SciELO, LILACS e BVS, priorizando estudos brasileiros. Observou-se que o tipo I é mais frequente, relacionado à obesidade, síndrome metabólica e terapia estrogênica, enquanto o tipo II tem associação com idade avançada e fatores genéticos. A prevenção está fortemente vinculada à promoção da saúde metabólica e ao rastreamento em grupos de risco. Conclui-se que o reconhecimento das diferenças entre os tipos é essencial para intervenções clínicas e políticas públicas mais eficazes.

Understanding why forest conservation initiatives succeed is essential to designing cost-effective programs. In this study, we investigate the impacts of a REDD+ project on both environmental and livelihood outcomes in the Brazilian Transamazon region, an area with historically high deforestation rates. Using counterfactual impact evaluation methods applied to survey and remote-sensing data, we assess the impact of the project over 2013–2019, from its first year until two years after its end. Based on a theory of change, we focus on land use and socioeconomic outcomes affected by the initiative. Our findings reveal specific impact mechanisms: forest conservation occurred primarily through reducing pasture expansion, while cattle production was maintained through intensification (increased stocking rates). Additionally, the project led to significantly higher agrobiodiversity among participating farms and promoted alternative livelihoods that generated greater revenue while using less land. These results suggest that conservation programs that combine conditional payments with technical assistance and support for adopting low-impact activities can effectively reduce deforestation in the short term and induce lasting changes in production systems, with positive effects persisting even after program completion.

Introduction: Surveillance of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) has been recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) since 1991 and, in Brazil, it was structured by the National Immunization Program (PNI) in 1992, consolidating with the Information System for Surveillance of Adverse Events Following Immunization (SIEAPV) in 2000. However, the reporting of immunization errors (IE) was only fully incorporated in 2014. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze contributing factors to the occurrence of immunization errors reported in Brazil. Method: This is an integrative review, in which a search was carried out in the BVS and SCIELO databases using the descriptors “Medication errors”, “Vaccination” and “Immunization” (combined using the Boolean operators AND and OR). The articles were selected according to PRISMA, ensuring methodological rigor and transparency in the synthesis of the data obtained. Results: Of the 69 studies initially identified, 10 met the final criteria and were included in the review. The results showed that most errors are related to the administration of vaccines at non-recommended ages and inadequate intervals between doses. Factors such as lack of training of professionals, complexity of vaccination schedules, and inadequate environmental conditions (such as noise and physical space) were frequently cited as causes of errors. Conclusion: Thus, strengthening vaccine safety practices and promoting a culture of transparency are essential to reduce immunization errors, protect public health and maintain public confidence in the immunization system.

Objective: Verify the completeness of data found in the medical records analyzed in a Specialized Rehabilitation Center in the metropolitan region of the state of Espírito Santo. Method: This is an observational retrospective cohort study, which had a sample of 1000 records referring to physiotherapy services in 2018 at the Specialized Center for Rehabilitation of the State of Espírito Santo, CER II CREFES. A descriptive analysis of the data was carried out. Results: Among the medical records analyzed, it was observed that 46.7% did not have information regarding ethnicity; only 4.3% of the 1000 records analyzed contained information regarding income, education was not verified in 23.4 % of the records analyzed and there was a lack of information regarding diagnostic imaging in 84.5% of the records analyzed. Conclusion: It was evident that many data are missing or incomplete in the CER II CREFES Vila Velha medical records, which demonstrates the importance and need for improvement in medical records and their standardization.

Objective: To report 4 cases of sporotrichosis with zoonotic transmission by Felis catus. Method: Qualitative, descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional data obtained from medical records and laboratory results filed in the computerized system. Approved by CEP/EMESCAM under number 4.239.032. Result: The first case refers to a 29-year-old woman, with an ulcerated lesion in the lower third of the face affected by scratches from a domestic cat. In the second case, it is a 21-year-old female who was scratched by a cat diagnosed with sporotrichosis and after collection of material from the lesion on the 3rd right finger. In the third case, a 51-year-old woman took care of a stray cat with sporotrichosis and developed an ulcerated lesion on her leg. The fourth case occurred in a 60-year-old woman who, when living with a stray cat, presented ascending lymphangitis characteristic of the disease and a culture of the secretions from the lesions was performed. In all four cases, from laboratory diagnosis, macroscopic and microscopic examination of colonies on Sabouraud-glucose Agar confirmed Sporothrix schenckii complex. Three patients were treated with potassium iodide and one with fluconazole and all were cured. Final considerations: Health professionals should be aware of the presence of classic lesions, and especially the form of transmission by felines associated with early laboratory diagnosis with adequate treatment to prevent its dissemination.

In pathologic health anxiety (pHA), a more liberal interoceptive response bias and health-threat related biases are observed. In predictive processing terms, this could be translated into a precise prior on high somatic symptom probability (symptom-prior) and an imprecise prior on one's current (and future) health state (hidden-state-prior). In an online experiment, we used an adapted version of the affect and symptom paradigm (ASP), previously shown to sufficiently elicit somatic symptoms. N = 261 participants (age: M = 27.79, SD = 9.61; sex: 77.8% females, 21.5% males, 0.8% divers) were randomly assigned to 4 conditions, manipulating priors on somatic symptom probability (symptom-prior: precise and high probability vs precise and low probability) and origins of somatic symptoms (hidden-state-prior: imprecise vs precise and nonillness). We did not observe any significant effects of symptom-prior manipulation on symptom report ( p = .27). Inducing an imprecise prior on the origin of somatic symptoms (imprecise hidden-state-prior), though, was significantly associated with higher health anxiety after negative (compared with neutral) pictures in people with higher preexisting health anxiety [ b =0.113, SE = 0.045, 95% BCa CI (0.025, 0.201)]. This effect was not attributable to a simultaneous change in valence or arousal ( pval = .73; paro = .56). The findings suggest a possible central role of imprecise priors, especially on one's health state, in pHA. Further evidence in clinical samples is needed.

Abstract Studies on the male reproductive system (MRS) and the ultrastructure of spermatozoa may provide key information about the reproductive biology and phylogenetic relationships between crustacean species. We describe the functional anatomy of the MRS and the ultrastructure and morphometry of spermatozoa of two closely related freshwater shrimps, Macrobrachium pantanalenseDos Santos, Hayd & Anger, 2013 (MP) and M. amazonicum (Heller, 1862) (MA) to detect possible interspecific differences. We introduce geometric morphometrics as a new tool to analyze the caridean spermatozoa for closely related species. The main differences in the anatomy of the MRS of the two species are related to the positive reaction to acid polysaccharides in the distal region of the vas deferens of M. pantanalense and the shape and size of their spermatozoa. SEM and TEM analyses confirmed variations in the shape of spermatozoa of both species and this variation was found to be significant by the use of geometric morphometrics. These tools can highlight differences among caridean shrimps, mainly in cases of closely related species. It becomes clear that MA and MP, despite being two closely related taxa that evolved separately relatively recently, are distinctly different taxa with differences found mainly in the spermatozoa.

Flooding is a constant danger in many cities. To prevent and mitigate their impacts, mathematical modeling is carried out to simulate the behavior of the flow within the environment and define the possible flood zones. Incorporating vegetation in hydraulic models is pivotal for understanding its impact on flow characteristics, sediment transport, and channel morphology.The Santa Catarina River in Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico, grapples with irregular water flows. During dry seasons, minimal water levels promote unchecked vegetation growth along its banks and bed, potentially obstructing normal flow. Conversely, extreme weather events like hurricanes lead to rapid surges, sweeping away vegetation and debris. Balancing this fluctuation—from sparse to intense flows—presents challenges in managing the river's vegetation, necessitating strategies that reconcile environmental preservation with urban infrastructure resilience.For this purpose, This study utilized two hydraulic models through IBER to assess vegetation's impact on flood simulations. One model employed a Digital Elevation Model (DEM), portraying terrain topography. The second model used a Digital Surface Model (DSM) integrating manually digitized vegetation from (2020) Google Earth imagery. Assigned heights of 3m for shrubs and 15m for trees emulated their impact on water flow. Both the DEM and DSM, with a 5-meter resolution, were obtained via LiDAR techniques from the INEGI government web platform. the models also utilized a land use classification obtained from a Sentinel-2 satellite image (from 2023). Hydrological data for both models were derived from the cumulative rainfall during Hurricane Alex in 2010.The findings highlight significant changes in flood patterns attributed to vegetation. Its presence alters the flow, shifting the flood zone towards a southwest residential-commercial area. In this integrated model, the maximum depth reaches 16.78 meters, compared to 10.70 meters in the DEM-based hydraulic model. Additionally, the consistently affected area deepens from 2 meters to 4.37 meters when considering the vegetation-inclusive DSM-based approach.These findings underscore the crucial role of vegetation in shaping flood pathways within urban environments, emphasizing the need to consider both natural and human-introduced elements in flood risk management strategies. Future research directions could explore the evolving impact on populations across varied flood zones and conduct comprehensive cost evaluations regarding risk mitigation, recovery efforts, and infrastructure fortification. These avenues present promising trajectories for further studies, offering insights into the socio-economic and financial implications of diverse flooding patterns in urban settings.