Abdou Moumouni University

Aims: This study analyses the problem of supplying the city of Niamey with crop residues used as animal feed. Study Design: The study was conducted by researchers from the National Institute of Agronomic Research of Niger, the Livestock Breeding Center, the Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey and Agadez University. A survey was carried out with 597 transporters entering the city of Niamey. Methodology: The study involved spending one week, during the cool dry season, the hot dry season, and the rainy season, at six police checkpoints on the main entry routes to the city of Niamey. Results: Crop residues constituted a significant inflow from production areas, primarily villages in the surrounding communes, to the city of Niamey, mainly during the cool dry season. Crop haulms (cowpea: 72%; peanut: 10%) represent the largest proportion of crop residues transported into the city of Niamey. The most commonly used means of transport are donkey and ox-drawn carts (over 60%), and this is true throughout all seasons: 72.20% in the hot dry season, 62.40% in the cool dry season, and 42.90% in the rainy season. Cars are used moderately for supplying the city of Niamey (nearly 25%). The largest loads weigh 373.49 ± 69.66 kg for carts, 2000 ± 320 kg for cars, and 18.66 ± 7.70 kg for bicycles and motorcycles. Conclusion: The analysis of the system reveals a supply chain that remains informal and rudimentary, with more than 130 tons being transported to the city of Niamey per week.

Okra is a very important plant in Niger for its fruit. However, its cultivation is mainly practiced during the rainy season. Unpredictable weather results in low yields for this rainfed crop. This study focuses on the variability of morphological types of okra accessions in a rural setting in Niger. Aims: The objective is to characterize the morphological diversity of okra in situ in Tanout department. In the study area, okra exhibits good ecological adaptation. Place and Duration of Study: The study has been conducted in the field in Tanout department (Niger) from the 1st to 11th of October 2024. Methodology: A total of 11 quantitative and 5 qualitative variables were used to characterize the morphological diversity of 688 okra plants from 21 production sites. The data collected were analyzed using R 4.3.1 and Minitab 18 software. Results: The results of the correspondence analysis confirmed the distribution of accessions into four groups according to production areas. Kahon barewa is used in the high-production area, while Gagera was most frequently cited in the low-production area. Bagobira is cited in the medium-production area, and Dogoua is present in all production areas. ANOVA revealed significant differences for quantitative variables between accessions. Conclusion: The okra accessions studied can be considered as well adapted to the agro-ecological conditions of the Tanout department.

This study reports the draft genome of an Acinetobacter baumannii strain niger01 co-producing blaNDM-1, blaOXA-23, and blaOXA-69 genes. The genome size is 4,084,803 bp, 39.0% GC content, and harbors several insertion sequences. The emergence of new high-risk clones presents an escalating problem that significantly challenges the public health system.

Quantization of unimodular gravity in minisuperspace leads to a time evolution of states generated by the Hamiltonian, as in usual quantum mechanics. We revisit the analysis made by Unruh, extending it to phantom scalar fields. It is argued that only in this case a nontrivial evolution for the scalar field can be obtained. The behavior of the scale factor presents a bounce followed by de Sitter expansion, reproducing the quantum cosmological scenario in General Relativity when the source is given by a cosmological term described by the Schutz variable. The analysis is extended to the Brans–Dicke scalar-tensor theory.

ABSTRACTClandestine abortion remains a prevalent health concern in developing countries, often resulting in severe complications, including uterine secrosis with generalized peritonitis necessitating life‐saving hysterectomy, which results in permanent infertility. A 18‐year‐old primigravida patient presented to our department with severe abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding following a clandestine abortion attempt, 15 days prior. Furthermore, the patient exhibited symptoms of uncontrollable vomiting and diarrhea that began 4 days prior to admission. Upon further examination, she was diagnosed with peritonitis. We performed an emergency laparotomy. It was discovered that the uterus was necrotic and that the foetus was in the abdominal cavity with its placenta. A hysterectomy was necessary to save the patient's life, resulting in permanent infertility. The patient's postoperative course was uncomplicated, and she was discharged from hospital on the 12th day after surgery. This case highlights the need for political and medico‐social actions facilitating access to sexual and reproductive education and to voluntary termination of pregnancy in a legal and medicalized context in our regions.

Background: To describe the technique and outcomes of osteosynthesis for fractures of the trochanteric region using a dynamic hip screw (DHS) without a fluoroscopic image intensifier and orthopedic table in our department.Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional prospective study conducted in the Traumatology-Orthopedics and Reconstructive Surgery Department of the National Hospital of Niamey, Niger, over a 33-month period from December 10, 2020, to September 10, 2023. The study focused on the osteosynthesis technique for fractures of the trochanteric region using a dynamic hip screw (DHS) without a fluoroscopic image intensifier and without an orthopedic table, as well as preliminary outcomes in patients over 15 years old. The parameters studied included epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical (additional examinations), therapeutic, and evolutionary aspects.Results: Over 33 months, we recorded 130 cases of trochanteric fractures out of 4,025 fracture admissions, representing 3.23%. There were 90 women (69.20%) and 40 men (30.80%), with a female-to-male sex ratio of 2.25. The mean age was 60.62 years, ranging from 20 to 79 years. Clinically, all patients presented with pain, hip swelling, rotation, and limb shortening. Falls from standing height accounted for 53.8% (n= 70) of the trauma circumstances. Comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, sickle cell disease, and hepatitis B were found in 71.42% (n= 93) of patients. Radiologically, trochanteric-diaphyseal fractures were observed in 53.80% (n= 70). Surgical treatment was performed in all patients. The therapeutic outcomes were favorable in the majority of cases.Conclusions: Trochanteric fractures are common at the National Hospital of Niamey and primarily affect elderly women who have suffered falls. Treatment was exclusively surgical, using dynamic hip screws (DHS) without a fluoroscopic image intensifier or an orthopedic table. Most treatment outcomes were favorable.

Les forêts urbaines étaient traditionnellement considérées comme de simples aménités paysagères dédiées aux fonctions récréatives de l’urbanisme opérationnel. Cette étude réalisée dans la ville de Niamey au Niger vise à évaluer à l’aide de l’indice de végétation par différence normalisée (NDVI) l’évolution temporelle d’occupation du sol de la ville entre 2007 et 2024, tout en caractérisant à partir des relevés dendrométriques, la diversité et la structure des espèces ligneuse des sites reboisés lors de la Fête Nationale de l’Arbre (FNA). Des images Landsat ont été utilisées pour déterminer les changements d’état du couvert végétal entre ces deux années. À cet effet, nous avons collecté deux catégories de données. Il s’agit des données planimétriques et celles d’inventaire forestier. Ce dernier a été réalisé dans 71 placettes rectangulaires (50 m x 10 m). Nous avons aussi utilisé les images Landsat 7 de janvier 2007 et Landsat 8 de janvier 2024, de 30 m de résolution pour déterminer l’état du couvert végétal et l’extraction de NDVI. Ce dernier est calculé sous ENVI 5 et cartographié sous ArcGIS 10. Les résultats obtenus montrent une diminution de 12,61 % des superficies non couvertes par la végétation, du fait des travaux de reboisement dont la ville bénéficie chaque année grâce à la FNA et aux autres circonstances. Les sites créés sont dans l’ensemble caractérisés par une diversité spécifique moyenne avec un indice de Shannon moyen de 3,86 bits, une régularité de Pielou moyenne de 0,74, un indice de Simpson moyen de 0,14, un indice de Margalef moyen de 3,17 et une densité moyenne de 41,60 ± 16,24 pieds/ha. La distribution des individus par classes de diamètre et de hauteur diffère d’un site à l’autre. Dans l’ensemble, les résultats obtenus de cette étude permettront d’apporter des informations actualisées sur les sites afin que ces derniers contribuent à assurer le double rôle de conservation des espèces ligneuses et de fourniture de services écosystémiques aux citadins et riverains. Urban forests were traditionally regarded as mere landscape amenities dedicated to the recreational functions of operational urban planning. This study, conducted in Niamey, Niger, aims to assess the temporal evolution of land use in city between 2007 and 2024 using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), as well as to characterize the diversity and structure of woody species in sites reforested during the National Tree Day (FNA) using dendrometric surveys. Landsat images were used to determine changes in vegetation cover between these two years. To this end, two categories of data were collected: planimetric data and forest inventory data. The latter was conducted in 71 rectangular plots (50 m x 10 m). With a radius of 12.62 m. We used Landsat 7 images from January 2007 and Landsat 8 images from January 2024, both with a resolution of 30 m, to determine the state of vegetation cover and extract the extract NDVI. The index was calculated using ENVI 5 and mapped with ArcGIS 10. The results show a 12.61 % reduction in non-vegetated areas, attributed to annual reforestation efforts benefiting the city through the FNA and other circumstances. The established sites generally exhibit moderate species diversity, with an average Shannon index of 3.86 bits, a Pielou evenness index of 0.74, a Simpson index of 0.14, a Margalef index of 3.17, and an average density of 41.60 ± 16.24 stems/ha. The distribution of individuals by diameter and height classes differs from one site to another Overall, the findings of this study provide updated information on these sites, ensuring their dual role in conserving woody species and delivering ecosystem services to urban residents and neighboring communities.

IntroductionColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent malignancies worldwide. There is a global trend in the increase of CRC incidence in younger patients. Our objective is to perform a comparative analysis of CRC in younger patients (˂45 years) and in older patients (≥ 45 years) in a sub-Saharan African country.MethodsOver a period of 5 years, we retrospectively included patients diagnosed with CRC at our Pathology service. We performed statistical comparisons of clinicopathological features between young and older patients with CRC, and searched for risk factors associated with the occurrence of CRC in young patients.ResultsWe identified 173 cases of CRC, ranking as the third most common cancer. The mean age was 49 years ± 16.1 (range of 15–84 years), with young patients representing 39.9% (69 cases). Compared to older patients, CRC was more frequent in young females (43.5% versus 28.8%, P = 0.048). Also, CRC in young patients was often associated with mucinous or signet ring cell (SRC) carcinoma histological differentiation (21.7% versus 5.8%, P = 0.002). Although CRC tended to present in more advanced stages (stages III – IV) in young patients, the difference failed to reach statistical difference (47.6% versus 39.5%, P = 0.596). In univariate logistic regression analysis, female sex (Odds ratio (OR) = 1.9, P = 0.049) and mucinous/SRC histological differentiation (OR = 4.59, P = 0.003) were risk factors associated with the occurrence of CRC in young patients.ConclusionColorectal cancer is a frequent malignancy in our country, affecting a substantial proportion of young persons, emphasizing the need for earlier screening. Young patients with CRC present with adverse clinicopathological features in comparison to older patients.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12876-025-04457-y.

This work aims to contribute to the improvement of the teaching of geological maps and cross-sections in the second-year science classes (1st C and 1st D) of upper general secondary education schools in Niger, particularly in the city of Tahoua. Twenty-four Life and Earth Sciences teachers who are used to holding second-year science classes in fifteen public and private establishments (High school, SEC, PSC) are subjected to a questionnaire. The results of this study showed that the teaching of geological maps and cross-sections is faced with several difficulties. Indeed, 75% of teachers have insufficient initial and/or continuing training on geological maps and cross-sections. 87.50% of teachers highlight the lack and/or insufficiency of teaching resources necessary to deal with this theme, hence a massive use of the internet to prepare lessons. Further-more, this study showed that teachers have shortcomings in mastering the content to be taught because only 50% know how to correctly read a geological map, 12/24 teachers do not master the construction of a geological cross-sections and a significant number of teachers (37.50%) surveyed are unaware of the usefulness of geological maps and cross-sections. As a result, 50% of teachers are not able to apply the didactic approach (ASEI/PDSI) recommended for science teaching in Niger. To address these shortcomings, recommendations were made: the selection of teacher profiles adapted to these classes, continuous training, the development of appropriate textbooks, and the use of Information and Communication Technologies for Education (ICTE).

Influenza contributes substantially to severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, few countries have estimated influenza disease burden, especially middle and low-income countries. Burden data are important to understand the impacts of illness on the population and to inform interventions. Currently, Niger has no recommendations for seasonal influenza vaccination or antiviral use. We estimated the national number and rates of SARI and influenza-associated SARI hospitalizations, mild/moderate illness, and death among children aged < 5 years in Niger. We utilized influenza surveillance data among children aged < 5 years hospitalized with SARI at three sentinel hospitals located in Niamey during 2015-2018 along with estimated catchment area population data to calculate the influenza-associated SARI hospitalization rates per 100,000 population. Rates were calculated for age groups < 1, 1-4, and < 5 years using the World Health Organization (WHO) methods and a hospital admission survey; then, we extrapolated the estimates nationally. We also used the influenza burden pyramid tool developed by WHO and the John Hopkins Center for Health Security to estimate influenza-associated mild/moderate illnesses and influenza-associated deaths for Niger. Influenza viruses were detected in 175/1796 (9.7%) specimens collected and tested during the study period from children aged < 5 years at the three SARI sentinel surveillance sites. The influenza percentage positive was 7.7% (58/754) among infants aged < 1 year and 11.3% (117/1038) among children aged 1-4 years. The estimated mean annual national number of SARI hospitalizations among children aged < 5 years was 16,406 (95% CI: 15,117-17,779) and the estimated SARI hospitalization rate per 100,000 population was 405.3 (95% CI: 373.5-439.2). The estimated mean annual national number of influenza-associated SARI hospitalizations among children aged < 5 years was 1484 (95% CI: 1162-1813; rate: 36.7; 95% CI: 28.7-44.8). The estimated mean annual national number of influenza-associated mild illnesses, hospitalized patients, and deaths among children aged < 5 years in Niger was 218,030 (95% CI: 43,303-527,236), 1261 (95% CI: 38-3271), 223 (95% CI: 22-614), and 15 (95% CI: 6-373) respectively. 'This study estimated a substantial influenza disease burden among children aged < 5 years in Niger, highlighting, for decision makers, the importance of resource allocation and public health interventions like vaccination. Future efforts should consider estimating the potential cost-benefit of implementing prevention and control measures (e.g., influenza vaccine or antivirals) among children aged 6-59 months in Niger.