Action on Smoking and Health

IntroductionDespite the rise in popularity of e-cigarette smoking or ‘vaping’, its long-term health consequences are still being investigated. In particular, it is unclear what impact e-cigarette use has on aerobic performance and exercise capacity. This information has important implications both for tobacco smokers as a harm reduction approach, and youth and young adults who are increasingly turning to e-cigarettes recreationally. Thus, this review aims to systematically evaluate the literature surrounding the effects of regular e-cigarette use on markers of cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity.Methods and analysisThis protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidelines. A systematic search was undertaken in October 2024, using the defined population, intervention, comparison, outcomes, study time framework to identify all relevant articles. Studies will be eligible if they include individuals who use e-cigarette products, assess regular e-cigarette use as an exposure, compare to a group of non-users and report outcomes related to measures of cardiorespiratory fitness (eg, VO2max, 6 min walk test) or physical activity (eg, sport participation, meeting weekly physical activity guidelines), regardless of study duration. Searched databases will include PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library and Embase, with no restriction to date or language of publication. Two reviewers will carry out the title and abstract screening, full text review and data extraction. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for non-randomised studies and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool (v2) for randomised studies. Study heterogeneity will be assessed using the Q and I2 statistic tests. Efforts will be made to conduct a meta-analysis if sufficient data and homogeneity are present. Otherwise, a narrative synthesis will be conducted, focusing on common themes, subgroups and sources of variability.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required for this review of previously published or presented data. The results of the review will be disseminated via conference presentations and peer-reviewed publication. Moreover, results of this review may inform public health recommendations and identify areas in the field where further research is needed.PROSPERO registration numberCRD420250589685.

In this article, Cheeseman sets out the legislation outlined in the Tobacco and Vapes Bill, and its potential effects on smokers and nicotine-dependent people in the UK.

In March 2024, the UK government announced plans to introduce a Vaping Products Duty that will tax e-liquids based on their nicotine strength. This study examined trends in the nicotine strength of e-liquids used by adult vapers and differences in those currently used across relevant subgroups. Nationally-representative, cross-sectional household survey, July 2016 to January 2024. Great Britain. 7981 adult vapers. Participants were asked whether the e-cigarette they mainly use contains nicotine (yes/no) and the e-liquid strength (no nicotine, >0-≤ 6, 7-11, 12-19 or ≥20 mg/ml). We also collected information on the main device type used (disposable/refillable/pod), age, gender, occupational social grade, history of ≥1 mental health conditions, smoking status and (among past-year smokers) level of cigarette addiction. The proportion of vapers in England using high-strength (≥20 mg/ml) e-liquids increased from an average of 3.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.9-5.0) up to June 2021 to 32.5% (CI = 27.9-37.4) in January 2024 (the vast majority of whom [93.3% in January 2024] reported using exactly 20 mg/ml; the legal limit). This rise was most pronounced among those using disposable e-cigarettes, those aged 18-24 years and all smoking statuses (including never smokers) except long-term (≥1y) ex-smokers. Of those surveyed in 2022-2024 in Great Britain, overall, 89.5% (CI = 88.1-90.8) said they usually used e-cigarettes containing nicotine, 8.7% (CI = 7.5-10.0) used nicotine-free e-cigarettes, and 1.8% (CI = 1.2-2.4) were unsure. The proportion using ≥20 mg/ml was higher among those mainly using disposable (47.9%) compared with pod (16.3%) or refillable (11.5%) devices; never smokers (36.0%), current smokers (28.8%) or recent (<1y) ex-smokers (27.4%), compared with long-term ex-smokers (13.9%); and younger (16-24y; 44.2%) compared with older (≥25y; range 9.4-25.1%) age groups. There were no notable differences across other subgroups of interest. Use of high-strength nicotine e-liquids in England appears to have increased sharply in recent years. Most adult vapers in Great Britain appear to use e-cigarettes that contain nicotine but different subgroups use different strengths: nicotine strengths tend to be higher among those who mainly use disposable devices and those aged 16-24y, and lower among long-term ex-smokers.

This research aims to provide information about Vocational High Schools (VHS) based on the Regional Public Service Agency (RPSA). This descriptive qualitative research uses a literature study approach, which includes several activities related to library data collection methods, reading, recording, and processing research materials. Meanwhile, content analysis is the analytical approach used. The findings of this study reveal various aspects of the management of VHS based on the regional public service agency: definition, benefits, objectives, requirements towards VHS-RPSA, and organizational structure. The management of VHS-RPSA is not for financial gain but to satisfy customers (students and communities) by providing autonomy in handling finances towards school independence, which has several benefits, such as autonomy in financial planning patterns, improved human resources, improved learning, improved facilities and infrastructure, strengthened character education, and improved cooperation. This research enhances the understanding of VHS management within the RPSA framework, contributes to education governance and public service administration to improve the quality of VHS education, and paves the way for future research.

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Legislation to require no tobacco smoking in vehicles with children is effective in reducing exposure to second-hand smokehttps://bit.ly/3z8fZRa