Adama (Israel)

Artykuł ukazuje działalność Adama Chętnika, znanego etnografa, badacza i muzealnika, a od kilkunastu lat patrona Ostrołęckiego Towarzystwa Naukowego, w niezwykle ważnej dziedzinie życia społecznego, jaką był ruch młodzieżowy na terenie Puszczy Białej. Zasięg czasowy obejmuje lata od początku XX wieku aż do lat dwudziestych. Najważniejszym przedsięwzięciem A. Chętnika było utworzenie czasopisma dla młodzieży „Drużyna”, którego Chętnik był w latach 1912–1915 oraz 1918–1919 redaktorem i wydawcą. Angażował się także w ruch junacki na wsi oraz w utworzenie i działalność Związku Młodzieży Wiejskiej.

After World War II, the Ostrołęka clergy had to function under communist state control. Priests faced numerous administrative and financial constraints, including high taxes, bans on building new churches, and restrictions on pastoral activity. Particular problems arose when attempting to establish new parishes, for example in Wojciechowice, where the authorities refused permission for many years, viewing the faithful's efforts as an attempt to "expand the Church's influence." Additionally, the garrison church was closed, restricting access to the place of worship. Despite this, priests such as Father Bronisław Tałandzewicz, Father Józef Kaczyński, and Father Zygmunt Żukowski actively conducted pastoral ministry, organized catechesis at catechetical centers, and supported parish communities. In the 1970s, despite the continued administrative constraints, the clergy enjoyed a degree of flexibility from local officials, which allowed for church renovations and the partial development of parish structures, including the establishment of the parish of St. Anthony in Ostrołęka. The election of John Paul II as Pope and the birth of "Solidarity" invigorated the clergy, who supported the residents' social and patriotic initiatives. During martial law, priests remained spiritual guides, organizing prayers for the interned and support for the repressed, thus playing a vital role in the life of the local community. The Church, therefore, had to operate in a space fraught with tensions and compromises, attempting to combine social support with the realities of functioning under political control.

Abstract Background The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the respiratory infection known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Healthcare workers (HCWs) who provide COVID-19 patient care run the risk of experiencing psychological and physical effects. HCWs' adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures has not significantly improved, despite these measures being the most important intervention for shielding them from infections like COVID-19. The study aims to assess Compliance to COVID-19 preventive measures and associated factors among health professionals in public hospitals, in the East Shewa zone, Ethiopia. Methods A descriptive hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 324 health professionals in public hospitals of southeast Ethiopia from February to March 2024. A simple random sampling method was used to select the study's participants. Pretested and structured self-administered questionnaires were used to gather data. The data was entered using Epi Info version 7.2, and the analysis was conducted using SPSS version 26. Binary logistic regression was used to identify potential determinants of outcome variables at p-value < 0.05 and 95% confidence interval. Results A total of 324 health professionals have participated, making the response rate 99.4%. Of which, 51.9% were males and the median age of the participant was 32 (IQR: 7) years. Health professionals' overall good compliance and knowledge of COVID-19 preventative measures were 38% and 56.8%, respectively. Not having received the Covid19 vaccination [AOR = 0.52; 95% CI (0.27, 0.99)], having good knowledge [AOR = 1.93; 95% CI (1.13, 3.29)], being a nurse [AOR = 4.39; 95% CI (2.01, 9.60)], and not having any functional handwashing [AOR = 0.29; 95% CI (0.13,0.66)] were found to be significantly associated with COVID-19 preventive measures. Conclusions This study shows that there was low compliance with COVID-19 prevention practices, with nearly two-fifths of health professionals exhibiting good compliance. Therefore, it is essential to have a steady supply of COVID-19 prevention supplies and facilities, as well as to increase health professionals' knowledge through in- and outside-of-the-workplace training.

Abstract Study question How can we automate the selection of oocytes for in vitro fertilization using meiotic spindle (MS) assessment? Summary answer Determining the Euclidean distance for MS characteristics and oocyte fertilization rate paves the way for data algorithmization, machine learning and further automation of oocyte selection. What is known already Oocyte selection is a crucial embryological step, particularly in regions with legal limitations on the number of female gametes used in assisted reproductive technology (ART) programs. MS assessment serves as a valuable non-invasive predictor of oocyte quality, but it remains prone to subjective interpretation by embryologists. Euclidean distance is typically used to quantify the similarity between two points based on the distance between them in n-dimensional space. However, this mathematical approach can be leveraged for data classification and machine learning. In our study, we calculated the Euclidean distance for MS characteristics and oocyte fertilization rate. Study design, size, duration Following oocyte denudation (n = 180), MS was via polarization microscopy based on three categories: morphology, orientation, and localization. The fertilization rate following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was recorded for each MS variant of the stated categories A three-dimensional coordinate system was constructed to map fertilization rates across different MS category combinations. The MS configurations with the shortest Euclidean distance to the highest fertilization rates were identified as optimal for IVF. Participants/materials, setting, methods This retrospective study analyzed donor oocyte cycles from 24 women aged 26.9 ± 2.3 years. Participants underwent controlled ovarian stimulation using exogenous gonadotropins in a short protocol for superovulation induction. Main results and the role of chance Our results indicate that oocytes with a spindle-shaped MS, positioned within a 45° range to the first polar body and within a 45° range, demonstrated the highest fertilization potential (p˂0.003 and p˂0.020). Conversely, oocytes with poorly visualized MS, located near the pole opposite to the first polar body exhibited the lowest fertilization rates (p˂0.008 and p˂0.003, respectively). The MS axis direction did have significant impact of the fertilization rate of fresh oocytes (p > 0.05). Euclidean distance calculations based on the fertilization index for each category variant facilitated the ranking of MS types to prioritize gametes for fertilization selection. Limitations, reasons for caution The study exclusively analyzed oocyte fertilization rates from young female donors, which may not be generalizable to older patients. Additionally, a larger dataset is required to refine MS classification boundaries. Wider implications of the findings Applying Euclidean distance to MS assessment improves objectivity in oocyte selection, reducing bias and enhancing reproducibility. This method refines gamete selection, boosting fertilization success and optimizing ART programs. AI-driven analysis with integrated Euclidean distance provides a scalable way to enhance embryological decision-making and IVF outcomes. Trial registration number No

Multi-core shared memory architectures have become ubiquitous in computing hardware nowadays. As a result, there is a growing need to fully utilize these architectures by introducing appropriate parallelization schemes, such as OpenMP worksharing-loop constructs, to applications. However, most developers find introducing OpenMP directives to their code hard due to pervasive pitfalls in managing parallel shared memory. To assist developers in this process, many compilers, as well as source-to-source (S2S) translation tools, have been developed over the years, tasked with inserting OpenMP directives into code automatically. In addition to having limited robustness to their input format, these compilers still do not achieve satisfactory coverage and precision in locating parallelizable code and generating appropriate directives. Recently, many data-driven AI-based code completion (CC) tools, such as GitHub CoPilot, have been developed to ease and improve programming productivity. Leveraging the insights from existing AI-based programming-assistance tools, this work presents a novel AI model that can serve as a parallel-programming assistant. Specifically, our model, named PragFormer, is tasked with identifying for loops that can benefit from conversion to parallel worksharing-loop construct (OpenMP directive) and even predict the need for specific data-sharing attributes clauses on the fly. We created a unique database, named Open-OMP, specifically for this goal. Open-OMP contains over 32,000 unique code snippets from different domains, half of which contain OpenMP directives, while the other half do not. We experimented with different model design parameters for these tasks and showed that our best-performing model outperforms a statistically-trained baseline as well as a state-of-the-art S2S compiler. In fact, it even outperforms the popular generative AI model of ChatGPT. In the spirit of advancing research on this topic, we have already released source code for PragFormer as well as Open-OMP dataset to public. Moreover, an interactive demo of our tool, as well as a Hugging Face webpage to experiment with our tool, are already available.

O uso de medicamentos considerados teratogênicos no período gestacional é considerado extremamente prejudicial ao embrião, especialmente quando administrado no primeiro trimestre gestacional. Os retinoides fazem parte deste grupo de medicamentos que têm efeitos teratogênicos comprovados e, por isso, devem ser indicados só em situações de extrema cautela e cuidado pelos médicos. O objetivo deste estudo foi destacar o uso na gestação de medicamentos teratogênicos que têm o ácido retinóico como princípio ativo e seus impactos na ocorrência de malformação congênita. Como metodologia, foi adotada a revisão da literatura, com pesquisa realizada em bases de dados tais como LILACS, Bireme, SciELO e Ovid. Foram selecionados 15 artigos que compuseram a amostra final. Concluímos que o consumo de retinoides sistêmicos por mulheres em idade fértil constitui um grande risco de saúde pública devido à exposição fetal desnecessária e de alto risco, pois os medicamentos sistêmicos derivados de retinoides são conhecidos como os produtos de maior risco de teratogênese disponíveis no mercado atualmente.

Objetivo: Este artigo teve como objetivo analisar o uso de psicofármacos com enfoque em ansiolíticos, antidepressivos e psicoestimulantes, que tratam respectivamente transtorno de ansiedade, depressão e transtorno do déficit de atenção com hiperatividade, utilizados por alunos de medicina, que tende a ser um dos cursos que mais está relacionado ao aumento da utilização de tais drogas, principalmente pela alta carga horária exigida e pressões cotidianas. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura baseada em estudos nacionais e internacionais de forma sistemática, a fim de verificar o consumo de psicofármacos pelos acadêmicos de medicina. A pesquisa bibliográfica utilizou como bases de dados: Pubmed, Scielo, UpToDate e Google Acadêmico, foram selecionados artigos publicados nos últimos vinte anos. Resultados: As doenças psiquiátricas predominantes nos estudantes de medicina são depressão e ansiedade, além de terem uma identificação elevada com o transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade. Com isso, à automedicação com antidepressivo, ansiolítico e psicoestimulante nessa população acontece de forma indiscriminada devido à vários fatores, sendo o fácil acesso, o principal. Conclusão: O desfecho dessa revisão mostra que, além do aumento dos transtornos psiquiátricos nessa classe de estudante, houve um aumento da automedicação de forma indiscriminada, sendo perceptível a relevância de abordarmos e alertarmos sobre o tema.

As dermatoses específicas da gestação estão presentes na maioria das gestantes, visto que as alterações cutâneas nesse período são muito comuns. Mesmo que a maioria delas sejam de origem benigna, as mesmas causam grande preocupação e desconforto, além disso são motivos de procura médica por parte dessa população. Diante deste contexto, o objetivo desta pesquisa em questão será esclarecer e examinar as condições dermatológicas que se manifestam durante a gravidez por meio de uma análise de bibliografias existentes. O estudo foi elaborado a partir de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, que selecionou fontes originais publicadas em português no período entre 2005 a 2022. Portanto iremos destacar uma discussão concentrada nas dermatoses específicas ligadas à gravidez, entre elas o penfigóide gestacional (PG), a erupção polimórfica gestacional (EPG), a erupção atópica gestacional (EAP) e a colestase intra-hepática gestacional (CIH). Desse modo entende-se que é de suma importância conhecer a sua fisiopatologia, o quadro clínico, as descrições das lesões, o período de ocorrência na gestação e o tratamento das mesmas, para que as gestantes tenham um bom prognóstico.