Adler Graduate School

Provider and institutional practices have been shown to have a large impact on cancer clinical trial enrollment. Understanding provider perspectives on screening for trial eligibility is necessary to improve enrollment. A questionnaire about incentives, barriers, process tools, and infrastructure related to opening trials and referring patients to onsite and offsite trials was administered to diverse stakeholders, including professional societies, advocacy organizations, and industry networks. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize findings. Overall, 693 responses were received, primarily from physicians (42.7%) and nurses (35.6%) employed at hospital health systems (43.7%) and academic centers (36.5%). Approximately half (49.2%) screened all patients for onsite clinical trials with screening typically done by manual chart review (81.9%). The greatest incentive reported for offering trials was providing the best treatment options for patients (67.7%). Contracting and paperwork (48.5%) were the greatest barriers to opening more onsite trials. Offsite referrals were rare. Screening for trial eligibility is a largely manual and ad hoc process, with screening and referral to offsite trials occurring infrequently. Administrative and infrastructure barriers commonly prevent sites from opening more onsite trials. These findings suggest that automated trial screening tools built into workflows that screen in a site-agnostic manner could result in more frequent trial eligibility screening, especially for offsite trials. With recent momentum, in part in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, to improve clinical trial efficiencies and broaden access and participant diversity, implementing tools to improve screening and referral processes is timely and essential. There are many factors that contribute to low adult enrollment in cancer clinical trials, but previous research has indicated that provider and institutional barriers are the largest contributors to low cancer clinical trial enrollment. In this survey, we sought to gain insight into cancer clinical trial enrollment practices from the perspective of health care providers such as physicians and nurses. We found that only approximately half of respondents indicated their institution systematically screens their patients for clinical trials and this process is manual and time consuming. Furthermore, we found that providers infrequently search for and refer patients to clinical trials at other sites. Creating better screening methods could improve enrollment in clinical trials.

A comparative case-study method grounded in phenomenology with the use of interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) demonstrated similarities and differences between two men’s experiences with engaging in extramarital affairs who were married to women in either a monogamous or a non-monogamous union. Despite the difference in their marital arrangements, both men were unfaithful to their wives and demonstrated similar themes in their lives, which included religious obligations, communication conflicts, loss of connection in marriage, deception, sexual restriction, absent fathers, compartmentalization of sexual behavior, guilt, and addiction. Differences included how men created boundaries, emotional connections with affair partners, power differentials, and sexual experiences.

Citizenship is not merely a formal status. It is a source of human rights and entitles its owners to services, protection and benefits. Citizenship stipulates what obligations a citizen must fulfil and in what manner he or she is to behave. Citizenship is the prerequisite for belonging to a group (from a social and historical perspective) and as such bears a significant impact on identity formation. Therefore, citizenship is crucial for the well-being of human beings in general and for children in particular. Children’s civil status (and their citizenship) determines their rights (including their social, political and civil rights). Furthermore, children’s possibilities to develop and practise various civil skills, and therefore their activities as citizens, have a major impact on their well-being, as children of today and adult citizens of tomorrow. The article discusses the relations between citizenship - rights - and the well-being of children. Children’s rights are examined, throughout the course of their development, in a range of aspects of their lives. An overview of children’s rights and their civil status in Israel is presented, by the age at which children are entitled to them. A further focus is on the ‘dynamics of citizenship’ by analysing child participation and its influence on children’s well-being.

SummaryThe Build-up method is becoming an important process with the increase in electric wiring density and miniaturization of the hole diameter. Preparation and circulation of plating solutions become difficult in the via hole with reduction of the hole diameter, so that uniformity of deposits decreases and this leads to lowering the electric reliability between each layer. Therefore the uniformity of electroless copper plating was investigated using small via holes (20–100 μn φ, 30–230 μm depth) prepared on the wiring board. Uniform deposits were obtained by changing the parameters related to the deposition characteristics. The possibility of via filling by the electroless copper was also investigated.

An analysis of the calcium chloride brines and the composition of the host rocks occurring in the Bajocian volcanic formation indicate that these formations represent the parent rocks in which the calcium chloride brines were generated. The original brines were of the sodium chloride type and were altered to calcium chloride as the result of ion exchange between the brine and minerals of the rocks and the process of zeolitization, resulting in concentrated calcium chloride brines. — E.A. Alexandrov.

* Address delivered at Round Table on “Higher Jewish Education,” arranged by The Jewish Theological Seminary of America, February 6, 1938.