Adyghe State University

To study the ratio of the activity of proteasome 20S and beclin-1 during CWP. The study is single-center, prospective, and continuous, and includes an examination of 48 patients aged 18 to 64 years who underwent caloric restriction (30-40% of the required amount) and therapeutic fasting. On the first and 12th days, the concentration of protein (pg/ml) of proteasome 20S and Beclin-1 in blood plasma was determined by the enzyme immunoassay (Cloud-CloneCorp test systems, USA), as well as body composition by the impedance method. The optimal ratio of the base activity of 20S and autophagy was observed only in individuals with a BMI of 30 kg/m2. CWP and low-calorie diet were accompanied by the establishment of a similar ratio in the entire group and separately in the group of women, as well as in patients with a BMI of 30 kg/m2 and in people over 60 years of age. The source of proteasome activity was lean and lean muscle mass; for Beclin-1, the dominant components from the body composition were not detected. During therapeutic fasting, the optimal ratio of 20S and Beclin-1 activity was observed during periods 3-4 (the «silver fasting period») and 11-12 days. These time periods can be recommended for outpatient (3-4 days) and inpatient (11-12 days) medical practice. CWP is accompanied by positive molecular effects aimed at activating autophagy and protein resynthesis. 20S activity and autophagy are affected by factors such as BMI, gender, age, and the degree of calorie restriction. CWP in combination with a low-calorie diet optimizes the ratio of protein resynthesis activity and autophagy in most patients, which contributes to the healing process.

Relevance. The study and understanding of the physiological processes that occur in muscles during physical activity is a crucial area in modern sports physiology. As our theoretical and practical knowledge expands, we realize that the classical ideas about these physiological processes under stress conditions do not provide complete information. To fully comprehend these processes, we need to conduct further analysis and systematize the existing data. This will help us identify key elements that we can influence to regulate the direction and extent of certain physiological processes. One such candidate for this regulation is the calpain protein family (CAPN). Initially, they were associated with regulating signal transmission, but now they are considered proteases involved in the turnover of myofibrillar protein and the proteolytic cleavage of sarcomeric and cytoskeletal proteins. CAPNs are often seen as «harmful» degrading proteases in pathological conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases. However, in reality, they are processing proteases rather than degrading ones. They differ from other major intracellular proteolytic components because they act through proteolytic processing, causing changes in protein activity, localization, or structure. For example, CAPNs can regulate the activity of NOS by suppressing the production of nitric oxide during muscle contractions. This helps prevent the negative consequences caused by excess nitric oxide production. They also reduce the contractile activity of muscles by acting on structures called «triads». Calpains play a significant role in the reparative processes of muscles after physical activity. They regulate the processes of cell membrane repair and the restructuring of protein components in muscle fibers. Another notable difference from classical proteolysis systems, such as ubiquitin - proteasome and autophagic systems that require ATP, is that calpains are ATP-independent. However, uncontrolled activity of calpains can trigger a cascade of proapoptotic systems leading to apoptosis and the death of myocytes. Conclusion . Calpains play an important role in the physiological processes that occur in muscles both in a healthy state and in various pathologies. Thus, the functions of calpains are not limited only to proteolysis (protein breakdown) - they are much broader. Therefore, the study of these enzymes is an important area of research. It will help us identify informative targets for developing treatment methods and monitoring muscle health after intense exercise.

In the context of growing global instability and economic uncertainty, the concept of resilience is becoming a key benchmark for ensuring sustainable development of socio-economic systems. The article reveals the evolution of the notion of “resilience”, emphasises the difference of resilience from sustainability and studies this phenomenon as the ability of the systems to adapt, recover and transform after shocks using crises as the opportunities for growth. Particular attention is paid to the importance of implementing the milestones of the concept of resilience in the context of sanctions pressure, when it can serve the basis for ensuring economic security and innovative development. The resilience is analysed as an attribute, a process and an ability. The need for an integrated ap-proach to managing regional resilience is emphasised and its directions are determined.

Various estimates of the Borsuk number are discussed. A method for constructing two-distance counterexamples to Borsuk’s conjecture by using $$(0,1)$$ -vectors in spaces with $$l_p$$ metrics is considered.

Aim is to analyse the formation and structural features of terms and identify the most productive methods of term formation in business terminology on the material of the English language.Methodology. Business English terms selected from special manuals, professional textbooks and dictionaries were analysed. The main research methods were the descriptive method, the systematization method, as well as the methods of structural and component analysis.Results. The vocabulary of the business sphere is considered as a complex terminological construct, which consists of the general usage lexis, general industry and special professional vocabulary, and interdisciplinary terms. Structural features and derivational models of the terms under study are analyzed. The main affixes are identified, and the morphological means are systematized according to the conceptual blocks of the business sphere. The percentage of terminological units formed by the syntactic method, as well as by the method of affixation, abbreviation, compounding, conversion and other methods was established, which made it possible to determine the most productive ones in the business sphere.Research implications. The results of the study contribute to the development of terminology as a scientific field and can also be used in the lectures on lexicology, terminology and textbooks on the theory and practice of business communication in English

Effective integration of renewable energy resources (RES) into energy systems requires a comprehensive analysis of their benefits and limitations, for which various methods can be used to determine the amount of energy resources available for involvement in a particular geographical area. When determining the possibility of RES involvement at the regional level, the question of finding the most efficient of the available sources arises. For this purpose, it is necessary to use a system of criteria that allows, taking into account various aspects, to assess the efficiency of integration of specific energy resources. A program module for multicriteria evaluation of renewable energy resources using the Python programming language based on the use of a group of criteria has been implemented. The initial ranking of the significance of the criteria under consideration is carried out using expert evaluations, the method of pairwise comparison and the method of analysis of hierarchies (AHP). Further, the available alternatives are evaluated using the example of the Republic of Adygea to select the most relevant types of RES depending on climatic and geographical conditions. The developed program module is part of the knowledge management subsystem, which is part of the informationanalytical system for evaluating decisions in the renewable energy sector.

In the binomial random graph 𝐺(𝑛, 𝑝) edges between every pair of vertices appear independently with probability 𝑝. The random graph obeys 0-1 𝑘-law, if, for every first order sentence, the probability that 𝐺(𝑛, 𝑝) satisfies it is either 0 or 1 in the limit (as 𝑛 /∞). This paper addresses the following question: given a small 𝑘 and any ℓ, does 𝐺(𝑛, 𝑛−𝑙−1/ℓ) satisfy 0-1 𝑘-law? We answer this question for 𝑘 = 3 and all ℓ. We also prove that for 𝑘 = 4 and ℓ ∈ [1, 40] ∪ {72} 0-1 𝑘-law does not hold.

Abstract. Science is a powerful stimulating factor in the improvement of the quality of life. The key scientific sectors include scientific activities of university students. Involving students in scientific work is an important part of the educational strategy of modern universities. Close integration of theoretical and practical training creates conditions for effective professional activity in the future. However, approaches to the formation of an individual cognitive style of students in the course of professional training have not yet been fully researched. Therefore, the problem of this research can be formulated as follows: what are the problems of organizing the scientific activities of students at a classical university and ways to solve them?The goal of the research is to identify the problems of organizing scientific activities of students at a classical university and suggest ways to solve them. The research method used are analysis, synthesis, generalization, survey, description. The research results are the following: the importance of involving students in scientific work has been substantiated; the degree of formation of students' research skills and the level of organization of students’ scientific work at a university have been experimentally revealed; the problems of scientific work of students at a classical university have been identified and ways to solve them have been proposed.Key findings: students' scientific work is considered among the main factors in the quality of training future personnel; it is implemented in two forms – educational research work provided for by the curriculum, and research activities outside the academic disciplines; low research activity of students, weak motivation for research work and other problems have been identified; ways to solve the identified problems in the context of improving the formation of the research development environment of the classical university have been substantiated.