Agrarian State University of Northern Zauralye

Background:Treatment of honey bee nosemosis is complicated by the ban on the use of antibiotics, which contaminate bee products. A search for environmentally friendly preparations aimed at suppressing the development of nosemosis pathogens is underway.Aim:The effect of herbal preparations Artemisia absinthium L. tincture and «HB-101»on the development of the nosemosis pathogen, Nosema ceranae, was studied.Methods:Three experimental groups and one control group were formed to test the preparations. Three days after infection, the groups were fed the preparations—«HB-101», «Fumagilin-B», 1.5% tincture of wormwood four times within an interval of 3 days. The average number of spores in a bee and the probability of survival were determined at the end of the experiment.Results:As a result of the experiment, it was confirmed that the most effective preparation was 1.5% tincture of A. absinthium (1.76 ± 0.47 million of spores), compared to the control group 4.94 ± 1.00 million spores per bee (q′=3.285, p ≤ 0.01). The approved preparation «Fumagilin-B» significantly reduced the number of spores to 2.13 ± 0.47 million spores. The preparation «HB-101» slightly reduced the count to 2.53 ± 0.66 million spores per bee. Together with the suppression of the development of the causative agent of nosemosis, the survival probability was also reduced. The greatest influence on survivability (p ≤ 0.01) was noted in 1.5% tincture of wormwood (0.073 ± 0.010) and preparation of «Fumagilin-B» (0.088 ± 0.005) compared with the control group (0.187 ± 0.008). Preparation «HB-101» reduced the probability of survival (p ≤ 0.05) to 0.161 ± 0.007.Conclusion:Wormwood tincture is a promising drug for nosemosis treatment.

Abstract Currently, one of the urgent problems in the Tyumen region is the resistance of oats to diseases such as dusty smut, crown and stem rust, red-brown spotting. In the conditions of the Northern Trans-Urals, 103 samples of various oats were assessed ecological and geographical origin for disease resistance. The following samples showed resistance to smut: Tyumen region (TM 08-142-18, TM 07-118-3, etc.); Krasnoyarsk Territory (k - 14572). USA (k -14758), China (k - 14923) and South Africa (k -14755). Crown and stem rust: Tyumen region. (TM 07-118-3), Leningrad region. (k – 15021), Canada (k – 11003) Japan (k – 14887); red-brown spot: USA (k - 15164), Poland (k - 15248) and others.

The article discusses the use of technological graftingand its effect on the survival and preservation of tomato plants, and also provides the results of research on seed germination.The purpose of the research is to evaluate the effect of technological inoculation on the survival and preservation of tomato hybrids in protected soil conditions of the Tyumen region. The cultivation of tomatoes at the Narimanovsky municipal plant is carried out using Dutch technology, which has proven its right to be used in the conditions of the sharply continental climate of Siberia and the possibility of creating break-even production based on them. Studies aimed at studying the reception of tomato grafting on stable rootstocks seem timely and promising not only in our country, but also abroad. Scientific research was conducted from 2018 to 2022.The paper presents recommendations for growing tomato hybrids in protected soil as a grafted crop. The advantages of grafted plants are that the graft may not have all types of resistance, and some of them are added at the expense of the rootstock, which is relevant and has not been studied in the conditions of the closed ground of the Tyumen region. Grafting has a complex and prolonged effect on a number of physiological parameters. In the course of research, it was found that growing tomatoes usinggrafting in low-volume hydroponics conditions makes it possible to increase the safety of plants by the end of the turnover.

The State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals continues to breed spring wheat. Two varieties of Tyumen Jubilee and Tyumenochka have been created with the use of various source materials, including sources to the main cultural diseases in the region. Tyumenskaya variety has passed the State Variety Testing and is included in the Register of breeding achievements in 10 regions. The second variety is in the State Variety Trial. Research is continuing on both varieties to develop seed varieties. The results of influence of different levels of mineral nutrition on yield and quality of seeds of wheat varieties are analyzed in this report. It is established that in the northern forest-steppe zone of the Tyumen region on the natural fertility of leached black soil the average seed yield for three years was for the variety Tyumenskaya jubilee 2.48 t/ha, for Tyumenochka – 2.08 t/ha. In the variant with application of mineral fertilizers to the planned yield of 4 t/ha, the first grade seed was obtained 3.29 t/ha, the second – 2.91. The additions to the control variant were 0.81 and 0.83 t/ha. When applying mineral fertilizers to the yield of 5 and 6 t/ha, the additions remained at the level of the previous version, except for the Tyumenochka variety in the last version. The yield of seeds from the total yield in the control variant was 75.5 % for the variety Tyumenskaya jubilee and 71.7 % for Tyumenochka. In the variant with NPK by 4 t/ha the yield of seeds increased by 4.2 % in the first grade and by 4.5 % in the second grade. Protein content in the seeds of wheat varieties on the natural soil fertility was 13.6 and 12.3 %, respectively. The maximum content of 16.0 and 14.8 % is noted in the variant with fertilizers for the planned yield of 4 t/ha. In the same variant the highest germination energy (82.3, 80.1 %) and germination of seeds (96.9 and 95.5 %) are higher than the control variant by 20.7, 15.6 and 1.8 %; 2.5 % accordingly. The main part of the seeds (71.0 and 68.1 %) of the studied wheat varieties in the mentioned variant grew with 5–6 germ roots that is 19.3 and 13.2 % higher than the control. The variant with fertilizers for the planned yield of 4 t/ha was more economically advantageous, the level of profitability of the variety Tyumenskaya jubilee was 49 %, and Tyumenochka 44 %.

Presents examples of the practice of development of commercial lake fish farming on the basis of land reclamation.

Биология и биотехнологии

The use of deicing compounds and car exhaust have a negative impact on the main indicators of arable fertility.The purpose of the research was to study the physical properties of arable land and crop yields at different distances from the roads. Four soils were studied: sod-podzolic, gray forest, leached chernozem and meadow saline. Soil sampling was carried out along the Tyumen - Omsk and Tyumen - Khanty-Mansiysk highways. It was found that at a distance of 10 meters from the highway structural and aggregate composition of high-humus soils differs from the control, located 200 meters. At a distance of 50 meters or more from the road, physical indicators of arable land come back to normal. The sections adjacent to the roads up to 10 meters wide are overfilled to 1.57 g/cm3, which in the conditions of Western Siberia can cause surface waterlogging. The annual loss of grain from the negative impact of transport infrastructure on the site length of 1 kilometer and a width of 20 meters on leached chernozem is 5.0 tons. At market grain prices in the amount of $140, the annual loss of farmers corresponds to $1400 for each kilometer of the road passing through the chernozem fields.

Maintaining constant biotypical composition of cultivars and control of their varietal purity are the mandatory requirements for achieving stable high yields of crops. Method of prolamin electrophoresis has been successfully applied for the varietal purity control of batches of original and reproduction seeds. Oat is a promising crop for growing in Western Siberia. This research aimed at development of reference spectra of oat varieties for use in a laboratory-based variety check. The material of the study was represented with caryopses from 223 samples of the common oat of various environmental and geographic genesis. It has been established, that 47.7% of the samples are homogeneous in the component composition of avenin. Heterogeneous samples included from 2 to 9 biotypes. The most common for the locus Avn A was the unit component variant 2 (41.1%); for the locus Avn -1 (25.6%), 4 (16.1%); for the locus Avn -3 (26.0%) and 2 (17.9%). Genetic formulas of varieties cultivated in Tyumen oblast are: var. Perona Avn 4 4 2, var. Talisman Avn 4 4 2, var. Foma Avn 4 5 1, var. Tyumen hull-less Avn 2 ned 3, var. Megion Avn 2+ned ned 5, var. Otrada Avn Aned+44C1. The obtained reference spectra and the genetic formulas of avenin were used for creation of variety sheets for the analyzed varieties; subsequently these sheets were added to the database of the Laboratory of Cultivar Seed Identification to allow efficient laboratory-based monitoring of varieties and purity of seed batches at any stage of their production and sales.

The development of animal husbandry in Siberia has led to the necessity to form stable fodder base at the expense of domestic products.Many producers and scientists consider the corn as the most promising culture.It is the integral component at the creation of a high-energy forage for farm animals and birds.High content of nutrient elements in corn kernels and the content of nonreplaceable amino acids turn this culture into a main element in feeding animals.The aim of the research is to study the producing corn kernels in the foreststeppe zone of the Trans-Ural region.The investigations were carried out in the leached loamy black earth area with characteristic morphological features and properties for soils in the South of the Tyumen region.The scheme of the experiment included two sowing dates on May 15 and on May 25, and options with various level of feeding for planned yield 4.0; 5.0 and 6.0 t/ha of corn kernels .In the experiment the hybrid Ladozhskyi 148 was sowed (FAO 150).The vegetation period of corn at sowing on May 15 was 132-137 full days, shifting the sowing date to the 3rd decade of May has provided the reduction of this period by 6-7 full days.Its greatest gain was observed at a milk stage of corn kernels where it was 11,05-16,49 t/ha.Shifting the sowing date into the 3rd decade of May has increased this indicator by 22-31%.Seeding crops on May 15 allowed to obtain the planned yield in all options.When seeding crops on May 25 there was a decrease in yield by 14-24% in comparison with the first term.Harvest humidity of corn kernels at the first sowing date was 34.4-34.8% of weight.The disbalance of feeding elements in variant with the planned yield of 5.0 t/ha of corn kernels has led to increasing humidity up to 38.9%.Shifting sowing date to the third decade of May has increased the indicator by 1.9-4.0% in regards to the first sowing date.

Now for creation of a fertile layer usually use peat-sandy mixes in various parities, which initially do not approach for long-term development of grasses. It leads to that the grassy cover on slopes of roads, city lawns within 2–3 years perishes and is replaced natural by weeds with the vegetation which is not forming strong of sod. The carried out analysis of granulometric structure of soils on which perennial grasses grow, has shown, that as a part of artificial soil the clay containing oozy particles (<0.001 mm) should be an obligatory component. The developed optimising model has shown, that at observance of necessary conditions probably reception artificial soil of middle-loamy granulometric composition possessing optimum physical and agrochemical properties, necessary for long growth of perennial grassy vegetation. As local components it is necessary to use clay, small sand, peat in the parities received at calculation of optimising model. The parity between sand, peat and clay should make 1:2:7. For effect prevention acidification from peat and improvement of agrochemical properties it is necessary to add on 100 kg of a mix of 0.5 kg complex fertilize and 0.2 kg of a dolomitic flour that will provide nutrients to plants while in artificial soil it’s own microflora will not start to work.