Agrarian-Technical University

This study assessed the anthelminthic feed additive albendazole effect on the main indicators of the quality of sheep meat obtained from infected and deworming animals. A total of 20 heads of Akzhaik meat and wool sheep (i.e. 2 years of age, of different sex) were used in a 20-day experiment and 2 groups of 10 heads were formed (n = 4). The sheep were fed with the basic diet (i.e. control, group CON), without adding anything, and the second group was fed the basic diet orally with the addition of a dose of 1.2 g / head (an experimental group). At the end of the experiment, a control slaughter was carried out from each group in order to study the biochemical composition of meat and its quality. The anthelmintic feed additive albendazole did not have a significant effect on the indicators (organoleptic and physicochemical) of meat quality (P> 0.04). However, the ratio of fat and ash in the meat of the control group has differences in indicators and is reduced by 24.81% and 0.03%, respectively. The drug had a significant effect on the biological value of meat in the experimental group, where there is a higher content of essential amino acids (P = 0.06), nonessential (P = 0.05) concentrations in comparison with the CON groups. The results obtained show that the meat of the experimental groups of sheep, when using the anthelminthic feed additive albendazole, did not have a significant effect on organoleptic parameters, but significantly positively influenced the metabolism, live weight gain and biological value of meat.

Cognitive Independence (CI), which physical education has a high potential for fostering in students, is characterized by a developed set of cognitive skills, an ideal level of knowledge, a strong value attitude towards cognition, and competencies related to the ability and willingness to take the initiative and engage in professionally responsible activities. However, the biggest challenges for physical education teachers stem from a lack of program material that clearly defines the content of lessons for the development of students’ CI as well as the stages of their entrance into the educational process. The purpose of the study is to theoretically justify and methodologically support the process of developing students’ CI in physical education lessons. The methodology used in the study comprises a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest research design. The study participants included 210 students in grades 10 and 11 from two secondary schools in the city of Atyrau (the Republic of Kazakhstan) and teachers acting as experts. The study findings revealed substantial variations in the dynamics of students’ CI in the control and experimental groups, confirming the efficiency of the application of the built-in model and technology. Despite the limitations, which lie in the fact that not all aspects of the development of students’ CI in physical education lessons were considered, this study has provided the theoretical justification and methodological support for development of students CI in physical education lessons that might contribute to efficient specialists’ training.

Abstract The study of turbulent flow in mixtures consisting of gas and particulate matter is a current area of research among modern scientists. The main objective of this area is to prevent the reduction of burnout in flow‐through systems. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to develop a mathematical model of turbulent gas flow with solids to explore the structure of the combustion region in a channel with a partially open boundary to determine the interfacial interaction of the injection of a flat heterogeneous flow in a confined area and the influence of regime parameters on the ignition process. For this purpose, a modeling method was used, which involved using the fundamental laws of continuity of flow, conservation of energy, and the quantity of motion and matter, and an experiment was conducted to reconcile the proposed model with theoretical data. As a result of this work, a model based on the averaged Reynolds Navier–Stokes equations and an algorithm for solving a turbulent subsonic two‐dimensional flow in a heterogeneous medium based on an Euler–Lagrange representation have been developed. Thus, the effects of the parameters of entrainment, temperature, and component concentration on the combustion range and mixing intensity were determined. The proposed methodology can be applied to solve application problems of various kinds, for example, in the design of thermal power plants. The scope of the mathematical and numerical models developed is sufficiently broad that they are universal.

With the increase in production and processing industries, as well as the extraction of minerals in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan, it leads to pollution of the environment, ecology, wildlife and water resources of our country. All production capacities in agriculture and animal husbandry require water resources. As part of the research work, diagnostics were carried out on the content of salts of heavy metals and radioactive substances in the water bodies of the West Kazakhstan region, where they originate with transboundary rivers and an oil and gas field (KPO) is being produced. To carry out our research work, samples of fish products were taken from 15 reservoirs and 3 objects of domestic trade for laboratory testing for the content of salts of heavy metals (Pb, Cd) and radionuclides (Sr-90, Cs 134). Radioactive substances accumulate in the bones and muscles of fish, and subsequently enter the human body through ingestion. The risk of developing adverse effects on human health depends on the radiation dose. If the radiation dose is low, or if exposure occurs over a long period of time, the risk is much lower as the human body repairs damaged cells and molecules. Lead and cadmium harm the human nervous system and its mental development, it can cause kidney damage and lead to bone disease. It is necessary to constantly monitor the content of salts of heavy metals and radionuclides in fish and livestock products, since safe products are a guarantee of public health.

Bacterial and viral infections affect the welfare of animals and lead to large economic losses in dairy cattle breeding due to decreased productive indicators and increased culling rates. In modern dairy farming, farmers are looking for effective solutions to prevent and minimize infectious disease risks. To this end, the most relevant study field is the search for gene sites that impact production and health. This study aimed to determine the nature of the distribution of the relative frequencies of alleles and genotypes of polymorphic prolactin (PRL) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) in Holstein cows and identify the relationship of these genes with resistance to mastitis and bovine leukemia. For this study, we chose cows because infectious diseases affect the amount of lactation and milk quality. Holstein cattle with mastitis and bovine leukemia were selected. Animal genotypes were determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products. The results were analyzed using a nonparametric statistical method using Microsoft Excel 2010 and Statistica 6.0. In healthy animals, 94 genotypes were identified for both genes under study. For bPRL, bPRL-RsaIAA (72) was the most common genotype and bPRL-RsaIBB (4) the least; for NOS2, bNOS2 -HinfIAB (47) was the most common genotype and bNOS2 -HinfIAA the least (21). In animals with leukemia, 34 genotypes were identified. For PRL, bPRL-RsaIAA (25) was the most common genotype and bPRL-RsaIBB (2) the least; for NOS2, bNOS2 -HinfIBB (17) was the most common genotype and bNOS2 -HinfIAA (3) the least. In animals with mastitis, 67 genotypes were identified. For PRL, bPRL-RsaIAA (43) was the most common genotype and bPRL-RsaIBB (6) the least; for NOS2, bNOS2 -HinfIBB (31) was the most common genotype and bNOS2-HinfIAA (7) the least. The distribution of genotypes of polymorphic bPRL and bNOS2 generally coincides, and bPRL-RsaIBB is the most common genotype. In groups of sick animals, the number of bNOS2 -HinfIAA homozygotes was lower than that of the control group. In particular, the proportion of animals with the bNOS2 -HinfIAA genotype with bovine leukemia was 8.7% and with mastitis was 10.3% compared with 22.4% in healthy animals. These data support the possible association of the bNOS2 -HinfIAA genotype with resistance to infection. The frequency of the bPRL-RsaIB allele was higher in groups of sick animals. This allele is associated with increased milk productivity, suggesting that highly productive animals are less resistant to the incidence of viral bovine leukemia and mastitis of bacterial etiology. DNA amplification of Holstein cattle for the polymorphic regions of PRL and NOS2 using the PCR-RFLP method revealed a possible connection between the distribution of relative allele frequencies of bPRL and bNOS2 and resistance to viral and bacterial infections. Thus, in groups of sick animals, the frequency of bPRL-RsaIBB, associated with increased milk production compared with the theoretically calculated equilibrium value was higher and the number of homozygotes bNOS2 -HinfIAA was lower than in the control group. In conclusion, animals with increased milk production were more prone to diseases, such as mastitis and bovine leukemia.

Federal Law 264-FZ of December 29, 2006 “On the Development of Agriculture” in article three defines the concept of “agricultural commodity producer”, which recognizes an organization, an individual entrepreneur engaged in the production of agricultural products, their primary and subsequent (industrial) processing (in including on leased fixed assets) in accordance with the list approved by the Government of the Russian Federation, and the sale of these products, provided that the share of the total income of agricultural producers from the sale of these products is at least seventy percent during the calendar year. The following are also recognized as agricultural producers: citizens running personal subsidiary plots, in accordance with the Federal Law of July 7, 2003 No. 112-FZ “On personal subsidiary plots”.

This article presents the results of the culling of cows of the Simmental and Holstein breeds in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The purpose of the research was to study the actual number of culled cows of dairy productivity in the farms of the Republic of Kazakhstan to determine its norm. The object of research were cows of Simmental (18,462 heads) and Holstein (17,862 heads) breeds in various regions of the republic. The research was carried out according to generally accepted zootechnical methods using statistical data processing using RStudio. The results of the studies showed that the percentage of culling increases in cows of the Simmental and Holstein breeds and amounts to 19.7 and 22.9%, respectively. The analysis of the retirement of full-aged cows of the Simmental breed showed that the main causes are hoof diseases (up to 26%), low reproductive function (up to 21%), low productivity (up to 18%). Holstein cows had an increase in disposals in all categories except for disposals for various reasons, for problems with reproduction, the disposal is up to 21%. The determination of the relationship between productivity and retirement in the Simmental breed cows showed that with age and increased lactation, the proportion of retired cows also increases, in the Holstein breed, with increased productivity, the percentage of culled animals also increases.

Purpose of the study. Assessment of the dynamics and structure of agro-food exports of the Republic of Kazakhstan and justifi cation of the development prospects of exports of agricultural products as a factor of growth of competitiveness of the national agro-food complex. Methodology. The article used the classical methodology of scientifi c research in economics and calculated a number of specifi c indicators of country and product exports. The sources of data were the materials of statistical compilations of offi cial state agencies of the Republic of Kazakhstan, COMTRADE international trade database. Originality / value of the research. The article substantiates the prospects of development of exports of agricultural and food products as a factor of growth of competitiveness of the national agro-food complex. The system of universal indicators that characterize structural changes in the agro-food complex is calculated. Findings. The calculation of the degree of concentration of exports of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the studied sector characterizes the weak level of diversifi cation of agro-industrial exports. This trend persists for a long time. Research on the trend of parameters of structural shifts in the export of agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan showed the stabilization of the structure of agro-food export, strengthening the specialization and concentration of domestic agro-food export. However, the main share of exported products is agricultural raw materials, which negatively aff ects the development prospects of the national agro-food complex.

Predicting the function of proteins is a crucial part of genome annotation, which can help in solving a wide range of biological problems. Many methods are available to predict the functions of proteins. However, except for sequence, most features are difficult to obtain or are not available for many proteins, which limits their scope. In addition, the performance of sequence-based feature prediction methods is often lower than that of methods that involve multiple features, and protein feature prediction can be time-consuming. Recent advances in this field are associated with the development of machine learning, which shows great progress in solving the problem of predicting protein functions. Today, however, most protein sequences have the status of «uncharacterized» or «putative». The need to assess the accuracy of identification of protein functions is an urgent task for machine learning approaches used to predict protein functions. In this study, the performance of two popular function prediction algorithms (ProtCNN and BiLSTM) was assessed from two perspectives and the procedures for building these models were described. As a result of the study of Pfam families, ProtCNN achieves an accuracy rate of 0.988 % and bidirectional LSTM has an accuracy rate of 0.9506 %. The use of the Pfam dataset allowed increasing the classification accuracy due to the large training dataset. The quality of the prediction increases with a large amount of training data. The study demonstrated that machine learning algorithms can be used as an effective tool for building protein function prediction models, in particular, the CNN network can be adapted as an accurate tool for annotating protein functions in the presence of large datasets.

The desire to survive in a competitive environment mobilizes managers to make unconventional decisions to increase their product range, quality, and safety. This study aims t to create a technology of bread with increased nutritional value using bioactivated cereal mixtures and develop new bread recipes. The experiment used bioactivated wheat and maize grains, flax, rye flour, 1st-graduate wheat flour, spontaneous fermentation starter, salt, and water. Vegetable components such as dried crushed hawthorn berries, jaggery, and barberry were also used. Standard, generally accepted chemical and organoleptic methods of examining raw materials, semi-finished and finished products were used. It was found that the best physical and chemical indices were possessed by testing the bread prepared with the addition of a 20% grain mixture. All experimental analyses improved several parameters compared to the control sample. The nutritional value of obtained products was increased from 0.5 to 3 times. According to the obtained results, it is possible to conclude the relevance of this topic is getting a new range of bread products with increased nutritional value.