Air Products (Spain)

Abstract The DDS Synthetic Memories project has developed techniques using Gen-AI technologies to recreate past visual experiences that may have faded, changed, or been forgotten. The Immersive Synthetic Memories project extends these efforts to immerse subjects in virtual recreations of their memories. The installation invites participants into an intimate setting to recall memories instantly rendered with generative AI and spatialized for VR headsets. The project is a collaboration with Barcelona-based Domestic Data Streamers (DDS), the University of Southern California’s Mobile & Environmental Media Lab, and Scott Fisher’s course Spatial Imaging for XR. This paper explores the artistic and technical processes, the AI pipeline converting 2D visuals into 3D 180° immersive spaces, development challenges, and potential applications in mental health and memory studies.

Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA) has been widely adopted as a method of organizing and quantifying hazard rates. Frequently, an initial LOPA may indicate that a risk target has not been met and that a scenario requires additional layers of protection. Unlike Fault Tree Analysis, the inherent simplicity of the LOPA format makes it conducive for use directly as a problem solving tool in a team environment to close risk gaps. Teams at Air Products with representatives from operations, process controls, process design and process safety, have effectively used the LOPA format in problem‐solving sessions to identify and improve components of the analysis involving human error, controls architecture, and inherently safer process designs. This multifunctional team approach has resulted in broader ownership of the safety analysis by the full team of stakeholders, and this has ultimately led to more cost effective solutions. The benefits of multifunctional team review are illustrated with a case study example. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 36: 257–263, 2017

Industry over the last two to three years has put a lot of effort into implementing Process Safety Metrics. This is a good practice but, now that we have metrics data, how are we utilizing them to improve process safety performance? Air Products has been monitoring process safety performance for the last five years using combined Center for Chemical Process Safety and American Petroleum Institute RP 754 metrics. This article will highlight the approach we have applied, both through our lagging and leading indicators, to drive our process safety performance improvement programs. It will review the programs we initiated, leading indicators we identified, and how it also helped to improve our process safety culture. This article will also look at the importance of measuring severity and its impact in driving leadership behaviors. We will also discuss future opportunities to improve process safety performance via metrics analysis and follow‐up initiatives. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 33: 172–178, 2014

The evaluation of phase equilibria and solubility properties through theoretical approaches is a well-known field, where a significant amount of models are able to describe them with a good degree of accuracy. However, the simultaneous calculation of transport properties together with thermodynamic phase properties still remains a challenge, due to the difficulties in describing the behavior of properties like the viscosity of fluids with the same approach. In this work, the free-volume theory (FVT) has been coupled with the soft-SAFT equation for the first time to extend the capabilities of the equation to the calculation of transport properties. The theory has been first tested using simulation data of the viscosity of the Lennard-Jones (LJ) fluid and LJ chains over a wide range of temperature and pressure. Good agreement has been found at all chain lengths, except for some deviations at near-zero density values. Several trends of the viscosity parameters with the length of the chain are identified, allowing the prediction of other chain fluids. Finally, the new equation has been applied to the n-alkanes family, where viscosity is a key property, and results are compared with experimental data. The three viscosity parameters were fitted to viscosity data of the pure fluid at several isotherms or isobars, whereas the density and pressure (or temperature) were taken from the soft-SAFT output. Again, the effect of these parameters on the viscosity has been investigated and compared with results obtained for the LJ chains and with previous work of other authors. The new equation performs very well in all cases, with a global average absolute deviation of 2.12% and shows predictive capabilities for heavier compounds. This empowers soft-SAFT with new capabilities, allowing the equation to calculate phase, interfacial, and transport properties with the same model and degree of accuracy.

Ionic liquids have attracted a large amount of interest in the past few years. One approach to better understand their peculiar nature and characteristics is through the analysis of their surface properties. Some research has provided novel information on the organization of pure ionic liquids at the vapor-liquid interface; yet, a systematic study on the surface properties of mixtures of ionic liquids and their organization at the surface has not previously been carried out in the literature. This work reports, for the first time, a comprehensive analysis of the surface organization of mixtures of ionic liquids constituted by 1-alkyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ionic liquids, [C(n)mim][NTf(2)]. The surface tension of mixtures composed of [C(4)mim][NTf(2)] + [C(n)mim][NTf(2)] (n = 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, and 10) was experimentally determined, at 298.2 K and atmospheric pressure, in the whole composition range. From the experimental data, the surface tension deviations and the relative Gibbs adsorption isotherms were estimated showing how the surface composition of an ionic liquid mixture differs from that of the liquid bulk and that the surface is enriched by the ionic liquid with the longest alkyl chain length. Finally, the soft-SAFT equation of state coupled with the density gradient theory (DGT) was used, for the first time, to successfully reproduce the surface tension experimental data of binary mixtures of ionic liquids using a molecular-based approach. In addition, the DGT was used to compute the density profiles of the two components across the interface, confirming the experimental results for the components distribution at the bulk and at the vapor-liquid interface.

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Solid sorbents are considered as a potentially less-energy-intensive alternative to the use of liquids for the removal and separation of liquid and gaseous fluids. The control of the surface characteristics of porous inorganic materials via the deposition of an organic layer is of great interest for tailoring the properties of the sorbent. For instance, organic functionalization of traditional solid sorbents (micro- and mesoporous silica and silicates) allows tuning their surface properties, such as hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity and surface reactivity. However, the underlying mechanism of the sorption process in highly complex organic functionalized materials is not yet fully understood. This incomplete understanding limits the possibilities of designing optimal adsorbents for different applications increasing the interest in performing complementary experimental-simulation studies. In this work, the adsorption of N2 in alkylsilane-modified disordered mesoporous silica (silica gel 40) and crystalline a...

Abstract We present molecular simulations to find the optimal conditions for the separation by adsorption of SF6 from a gaseous mixture with N2, a mixture of key interest in electrical applications. The effect of pore size, pressure, and mixture compositions on the selective adsorption of SF6 was investigated by using Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations with simple fluid models and a simplified model of MCM‐41. Simulations performed with multisite fluid models confirm that general trends are predicted using simple models, including a maximum in SF6 selectivity for pore diameters around 1.1 nm. Simulations were also performed using two atomistic models of zeolite‐templated carbon (ZTC), FAU‐ZTC, and EMT‐ZTC, materials with average pore sizes close to 1.1 nm, obtaining high selectivities for both materials. Selectivities for FAU‐ZTC are approximately four times higher than the best materials published for this mixture separation, opening excellent opportunities to use it for recovering SF6 from SF6/N2 mixtures. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011