Air Technic (Czechia)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Selecting the right EMI/EMC filter is a major challenge when system noise levels exceed compliance or pre-compliance limits. Inline PCB filters are designed to mitigate noise in standalone conditions, but their behavior changes when integrated into a larger system due to unknown parasitic’s. These parasitic’s can disrupt electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), leading to non-compliance [<span class="xref">1</span>, <span class="xref">2</span>]. To address this, engineers often use off-the-shelf EMI filters, but determining their real-world effectiveness remains complex. Even with simulation-based methods, accurately predicting insertion loss and attenuation is difficult due to limitations in conventional modeling approaches [<span class="xref">4</span>, <span class="xref">5</span>].</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Traditional SPICE-based simulations rely on static models defined at specific frequency points, with interpolated values for intermediate frequencies. This interpolation introduces inaccuracies, affecting the precision of simulated results [<span class="xref">6</span>, <span class="xref">8</span>]. To overcome these limitations, we propose a methodology that reconstructs a realistic EMI/EMC filter model based on insertion loss characteristics under symmetrical and unsymmetrical conditions.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Our approach involves deconstructing the EMI/EMC filter into its subcomponents—X-capacitance, Y-capacitance, common mode choke CMC, busbar, and PCB traces—and parameterizing them using CST simulations [<span class="xref">6</span>, <span class="xref">8</span>]. Instead of relying on physical measurements, which are prone to parasitic influences, we extract subcomponent values from datasheets. We focus on dominant parasitic elements exceeding 1 pF and 1 nH, as lower values predominantly affect GHz-range frequencies rather than the MHz-range compliance limits [<span class="xref">4</span>, <span class="xref">5</span>], analyzing impact of parasitic’s on insertion loss, resonance, and damping characteristics, a filter model that represents real-world behavior with a certain error percentage [<span class="xref">2</span>, <span class="xref">4</span>, <span class="xref">5</span>].</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">This methodology results in a high-fidelity EMI/EMC filter model with minimal deviation from actual performance. It enables precise pre-compliance conducted emissions simulations and facilitates optimized filter selection and tuning based on system-specific noise conditions.</div></div>

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">With introduction of Diesel Particulate Filter to achieve CEV/TREM V Emission Limits for off-highway segment, there is a requirement of DPF regeneration at defined intervals depending on time of operation and soot loading in DPF. This can be achieved by two methods. First is the frequent regeneration or Active regeneration, wherein fuel is injected before DOC (Diesel Oxidation Catalyst) at specific temperature to burn the soot in the DPF. The second method is the continuous or Passive regeneration, where soot is burnt based on NO<sub>2</sub>.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">DPF frequent regeneration (Active Regeneration) requires soot load estimation in DPF over entire engine operation range as well as vehicle operation in different climatic conditions. Frequent regeneration leads to oil dilution and penalty in the fuel consumption. More frequent regeneration promotes the chemical aging of DOC, leading to the poor performance of DOC which results in deteriorating performance of SCR(Selective Catalytic Reduction) situated downstream of DPF.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">In addition to Passive Regeneration Approach, modelled air path is used as complexity of using Mass Flow Sensors lies with robust calibration of air system model considering different vehicle variants/change in layout in real world & owing to dust contamination in Off-Road Vehicles.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">To avoid the shortcomings of the frequent regeneration in off-road application, the DPF regeneration was achieved by Passive regeneration approach. In this paper, continuous Passive regeneration will be discussed in detail for CEV/TREM V Legislation.</div></div>

BackgroundAirborne particulate matter (PM) is a complex mixture of particles thought to be associated with a range of adverse health effects, including female breast cancer. Current evidence on the association between PM and female breast cancer risk is inconsistent.MethodsThis study investigated the association between long-term exposure to PM and breast cancer risk in a nested case-control study within the French E3N-Generation cohort including 5222 breast cancer cases identified over the 1990–2011 follow-up period and 5222 individually matched controls. Annual mean concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 at participants’ residential addresses, were estimated using a land use regression model. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using conditional logistic regression models.ResultsORs for each 10 µg/m3 increase in the average of PM2.5 and PM10 were 1.14 (95% CI: 0.99–1.30) and 1.08 (95% CI: 0.98–1.18), respectively. When restricted to invasive ductal and lobular carcinomas, ORs were 2.74 (95% CI: 1.05–7.15) for PM2.5 and 2.05 (95% CI: 1.11–3.78) for PM10. Comparable effects of PM exposure estimated by a chemistry transport model reinforces these findings.ConclusionThis study suggests a potential association between PM2.5 and PM10 exposure and breast cancer risk.

The development of metal-based membranes featuring hydrophilic and oleophobic properties is essential for industrial oil-water separation. Most industrial filters have a cylindrical shape to match other filter components. The modification of the cylindrical surface is much more difficult than the plane surface owing to the challenges of reaction and mass transfer on the tubular surface. To address this issue, we developed an electrochemical deposition method that enables the direct construction of a hydrophilic and underwater oleophobic coating on a cylindrical nickel foam substrate through precise mass transfer control. By optimizing the mass transfer dynamics and employing a stepwise deposition strategy, we achieved uniform functionalization on an industrial-scale cylindrical membrane with a length of 25 cm. The modified membrane exhibits an underwater-oil contact angle exceeding 140° coupled with excellent durability, chemical stability, and thermal resistance. Notably, it demonstrates high separation efficiency, reducing the oil content in water from 1500 to below 200 ppm. This work presents a scalable and reliable fabrication route for high-performance cylindrical oil-water separation membranes with significant industrial potential.

The security risk management discipline has historically been less developed than safety management systems, but the rapid digitalization of industries creates an urgent need for more proactive approaches. Current methods often rely on outdated lists and paper-based processes, leading to overlooked vulnerabilities and delayed responses to emerging threats. This paper presents a possible enhancement of the existing cyber and physical Security Risk Assessment Methodology (SecRAM). The enhanced SecRAM is currently validated through dedicated exercises and expert input. The approach considers cascading effects for attack and impact propagation, and is embedded within a system framework that recognizes interconnections and dependencies between services, systems, procedures, roles, and functions. With its web-based tool and user-friendly interface, the enhanced SecRAM proves its general applicability and shows potential for broader adoption across sectors, particularly aviation. Future work will focus on integrating automation and AI to improve efficiency and accuracy in risk assessments.

A comparative spectroscopic investigation was conducted to evaluate the potential of Dy3+ and Er3+ doped Ga2Ge5S13 chalcogenide glass and CsCdCl3 crystal for suitability as gain media for mid-infrared lasers operating within the 4.1-4.8 (m spectral range. Both rare-earth ions exhibited broad mid-IR emissions at room temperature centered at ∼4.4-4.5 µm, attributed to the Dy3+: 6H11/2 → 6H13/2 and Er3+: 4I9/2 → 4I11/2 transitions. The fluorescence lifetimes of these mid-IR transitions varied significantly between these two host materials. Dy3+ and Er3+ doped CsCdCl3 crystals exhibited long lifetimes of ∼9-12 ms, while the same ions in Ga2Ge5S13 glass yielded lifetimes in the range of ∼1 ms. Temperature-dependent lifetime measurements further confirmed the role of multiphonon relaxation in Dy3+: Ga2Ge5S13, although fitting with the temperature dependence of the multiphonon energy-gap law indicated the presence of additional nonradiative decay channels, likely involving impurity interactions. In contrast, Er3+ emissions exhibited minimal temperature dependence across both hosts, with measured lifetimes closely matching calculated radiative values. Judd-Ofelt analyses revealed radiative properties and transition probabilities comparable to other low-maximum-phonon-energy rare-earth-doped hosts, with the studied Dy3+ doped host materials standing out by offering sigma-tau products several times higher than those of Er3+ in the same hosts.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common and potentially sight-threatening complication of diabetes. Early detection of DR through screening can prevent visual loss. Handheld fundus cameras combined with artificial intelligence (AI) technology may improve DR screening. We evaluated the Aireen AI algorithm's performance in grading DR in fundus images captured by the handheld Optomed Aurora. Two retina specialists and Aireen graded 624 fundus images for DR. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were measured against the ophthalmologists' grading. Overall, 97% of images were sufficient for DR classification. Aireen demonstrated 94.8% sensitivity, 91.4% specificity, and 92.7% diagnostic accuracy for DR. Aireen showed high diagnostic accuracy in detecting DR in Optomed Aurora images, suggesting its potential for effective screening. The validated use of AI with a handheld fundus camera may streamline the screening process, reduce the burden on health care professionals, and improve access to screening and patient outcomes through enhanced diagnostic accuracy.

Abstract Background Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a common skin cancer with limited targeted therapeutic options. This study revealed that CENPO is highly expressed in cSCC and is closely related to patient survival. However, the functional role of CENPO in cSCC remains unclear. Methods The differential expression of CENPO in cSCC and its correlation with clinical prognosis were analyzed via the TCGA database. A CENPO knockdown lentivirus was constructed to assess its biological functions through in vitro experiments, including cell proliferation assays, scratch wound healing assays, invasion assays, and apoptosis assays. Protein expression levels were evaluated by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, tumor growth was monitored in vivo via a subcutaneous tumor model. Results TCGA database analysis results and clinical immunohistochemical results revealed that CENPO is significantly overexpressed in cSCC and that its expression levels correlate positively with clinical grade and stage. With CENPO knockdown, cSCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion were reduced, whereas cell apoptosis was increased. Furthermore, the levels of the key aerobic glycolysis proteins GLUT1, HK2 and PKM2 were decreased with CENPO knockdown. The results of the subcutaneous tumor experiments revealed that tumor growth was inhibited in the CENPO-knockdown group. Conclusions CENPO enhances cell proliferation, invasion, migration and antiapoptotic ability by enhancing aerobic glycolysis in cSCC cells. In summary, CENPO could serve as a new biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of cSCC.

The cooling tower incorporates a structurally isolated design of all moving components by a separate structural member, thusminimizing vibration transmission to the body of the cooling tower. An air entry cone has a special contour. Outlet guide is at 10° angle. The outlet cone is designed with space for possible Helmoltz resonator to absorb specific frequencies. The fill elements, made of PVC, remain immersed in water to prevent water drop noise. The drive pack is specially designed with ultra low noise graphite bearings. Pully and Belt are designed for very less slip. The system operates approximately 51 dB at a 3-meter distance. Similarly, the air-cooled generator adopts a two-level construction approach, with the generator enclosed in an acoustic canopy for effective noise attenuation. Additionally, the flue gas silencer is acoustically treated to minimize sound emissions. A cooling coil connected to cooling tower, inside the canopy ensures a circulation air temperature drop from 70°C to 40°C. A fresh air supply of 2400 CFM for combustion is mixed trough a silencer. The system achieves a noise reduction of approximately 55 dB at a 3-meter distance.

This service activity aims to introduce and expand students' understanding of Artificial Intelligence (AI), especially in the context of deep learning and machine learning. The background of this activity departs from anxiety about the lack of knowledge of technology by students who are now developing so quickly. Therefore, an international seminar was held that presented speakers from Thailand and local lecturers as an effort to build an inclusive and collaborative learning space. This activity was attended by more than 250 participants and took place offline in Kebumen, Central Java. The process of delivering material is carried out in two directions, encouraging students to not only listen, but also actively engage in questions and answers and open discussions. The material presented included global AI trends, AI implementation case studies, and student skill development strategies in the digital era. The results of the activity showed an increase in participants' enthusiasm and understanding of the role of AI in real life, as well as a growing confidence to explore technology independently. This devotion is not only about introducing technology, but also about building hope: that every student, armed with the right curiosity and guidance, is able to be part of a greater change.