Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs, drones) are being increasingly recognised as valuable tools inemergency response. In water rescue, their potential lies in accelerating detection, expandingsituational awareness and reducing risks to rescuers. However, systematic evidence from Central andEastern Europe is scarce. This article presents a retrospective, nationwide cross-sectional study ofdrone-assisted interventions by the State Fire Service (SFS) in Poland between 2021 and 2024. Datawere obtained from the Decision Support System (DSS) of the SFS and cross-verified with annualbulletins and official statistics. Incidents were identified by predefined water-related keywords.Variables included incident type: local threats (LT) or fire, season, year, intervention duration andsearch outcomes. Statistical analyses were performed using non-parametric tests with a significancethreshold of p < 0.05.A total of 1,155 drone-assisted interventions have been recorded, of which 169 (14.6%) were classifiedas water-related. Most were LTs (95.9%), with person searches as the dominant category. The numberof interventions increased steadily year by year (from 15 in 2021 to 93 in 2024). Mean interventiontimes varied significantly across years (p < 0.001) and seasons (p = 0.004), with the longest durationsin summer and the shortest in winter. No statistically significant association has been ascertainedbetween season and search outcome (χ = 8.39; p = 0.211). Regional differences were evident in boththe number and duration of interventions. The use of UAVs in Polish water rescue operations keepsrising, particularly in search missions. While UAVs enhance detection and monitoring, finaloutcomes depend on broader clinical and environmental factors. Findings support the systematicintegration of UAVs into national water rescue protocols, with emphasis on seasonal and regionalresource allocation, interoperable coordination between SFS, VWRS and SAR, and standardisedmission documentation to strengthen public health impact.

BackgroundPost-industrial societies that benefit from the development of science, technology and subsequent inventions that relieve people of everyday duties, have more free time, but face a greater temptation of laziness and limited physical activity. Common diseases increasingly resulting from limited physical activity, which is no longer just a way to spend free time, but a necessity in the field of health care. This necessity obliges us to undertake research that allows for recognizing factors influencing the level of physical activity in individual societies.ObjectiveThe conducted research aimed at identifying sociodemographic factors that would determine the level of physical activity in women and men from the Biała Podlaska district in eastern Poland.ParticipantsThe group involved 173 adults (71 women and 102 men) from eastern Poland.MethodsThe presented research was conducted in the years 2018–2020 as part of the international EUPASMOS Plus project. The collected sociodemographic data of the respondents and the results of physical activity monitoring with the use of the GPAQ questionnaire and the RM42 accelerometer − 24/7 allowed for an analysis of the factors determining the physical activity undertaken by the respondents, as well as the comparison of the obtained data with the use of the above-mentioned tools. The statystical analysis involved the use of the Shapiro-Wilk test, Mann-Whitney test and Spearman’s rho correlation analysis. The adopted standard significance level of α = 0.05.ResultsThe results of the research on sociodemographic factors conditioning the physical activity of the examined persons, obtained from the objective tool (Accelerometer RM42) and a subjective one for measuring physical activity (GPAQ questionnaire) showed some discrepancies. However, the established consistency of the research results using the above-mentioned tools allows for formulating the following conclusions: women from the Biała Podlaska district are more active than men. Older people more often undertake PA of lower intensity, giving up high-intensity efforts. The respondents declaring a higher subjective assessment of their health are more physically active.ConclusionsThe results obtained are varied and depend on the used tool. They indicate an enormous importance of the tool used in the study on physical activity.

The selection of appropriate activation functions has become an important research domain around neural networks. The aim of the present article is to investigate the properties of trainable rectified linear unit (ReLU) transfer function from performance of neural network point of view. We focus on the role of trainable parameters for ReLU activation function to achieve high neural network performance. We also give a comparative analysis for MLP-Mixer using trainable ReLU activation function and GELU. Simulation results are presented that show the improved accuracy capability.

Psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin disease, poses challenges not only due to its somatic symptoms but also because of its significant impact on patients’ quality of life, mental health, and social and occupational functioning. This review aimed to analyze the multidimensional influence of psoriasis on patients’ psychosocial condition, with particular attention to stigmatization, symptoms of depression and anxiety, suicide risk, and factors affecting quality of life. The analysis is based on up-to-date literature from systematic reviews, cross-sectional and qualitative studies published between 2010 and 2025. Findings indicate that patients with psoriasis are significantly more likely to experience depressive and anxiety disorders, often regardless of lesion severity. Subjective factors such as body image perception, social stigma, loss of control over one’s body, and limitations in professional life play a crucial role. Importantly, some patients exhibit suicidal ideation at early stages of the disease, even before treatment begins. Simultaneously, evidence points to the necessity of an integrated care model that includes dermatological, psychological, and social support. Incorporating mental health and quality of life assessments into routine clinical practice can significantly improve treatment outcomes and patient well-being. This review emphasizes the need for a holistic approach to psoriasis management that addresses not only physical but also psychological and social dimensions.

On a daily basis, everyone is exposed to many chemical compounds that have been classified as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). These are natural and artificially produced substances that are widely available in the environment today. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of endocrine disrupting chemicals on hormonal processes occurring in the human body and to determine their mechanisms of action. The research method used was a literature review on the Pubmed platform. Studies show that EDCs affect prenatal growth, thyroid function, glucose metabolism, obesity development, and puberty and fertility processes by mimicking hormones naturally occurring in the human body, which very often leads to disorders in the hormonal axis at various levels. Recent research reports say that EDCs interact through epigenetic mechanisms. These substances are considered safe individually, but the subject of research remains the "cocktail effect", which consists in exposing several EDCs to the body at the same time. The key here is to limit human contact with these substances as much as possible. Studies have so far proven the negativin effects of many of them on our body, but many of the long-term effects have yet to be studied. Fortunately, more and more countries are introducing restrictions on the use of these substances and are looking for methods to replace them with less harmful substitutes. Further research is needed to understand the effects of these substances on humans, which will further enable the development of appropriate regulation of EDCs.

Introduction: COVID-19 manifests with symptoms ranging from mild to severe, including respiratory and cardiovascular complications. Severe cases are often marked by a cytokine storm, causing pulmonary damage and multi-organ dysfunction. Current treatments lack a specific antiviral, though several pharmacological options, including immunomodulatory and antiviral drugs, are under investigation. Purpose: The purpose of this article is to provide an evaluation of the efficacy and safety of baricitinib, a JAK inhibitor, combined with standard care for hospitalized adults with COVID-19. By reviewing recent literature, it aims to assess baricitinib's effectiveness in improving patient outcomes. Material and methods: A systematic review of clinical trials and case studies was conducted to analyze baricitinib’s impact on COVID-19 mortality. Data includes treatment-emergent adverse events and patient outcomes in moderate to severe cases. Discussion: Baricitinib has demonstrated potential in managing hyperinflammation in severe COVID-19 by inhibiting multiple proinflammatory cytokines and enhancing immune response. Clinical trials show that baricitinib, particularly in combination with corticosteroids, reduces mortality and serious infections compared to standard care alone. Due to potential adverse events, continuous monitoring of hematological and lipid levels is essential. These findings highlight baricitinib's dual role as an immunomodulatory and antiviral agent, suggesting its importance in treating severe COVID-19. Future research should focus on optimizing treatment regimens and further exploring the long-term implications of baricitinib therapy.

The issue of gifted children growing up in a natural family environment has been addressed quite widely. However, small amount of research regarding gifted children residing in the foster care environment is noticeable. At the same time, the issue of having, developing and supporting abilities is extremely significant, especially with regard to pupils of foster care environments deprived of their primary developmental environment, which is the family. Foster care environments can also effectively support the potential of their pupils. The publication is an attempt to answer the question of what support activities are undertaken in the foster care environment in relation to gifted pupils? The research method is case studies. The research indicates various forms of support for gifted pupils: the organization of additional activities, depending on the interests or abilities of the pupil or the financial support as the one they need for the future process of independence, as well as emotional support and others. At the same time, some differences are visible between the activities of institutional and family care, as the latter definitely more often uses the help of psychological and pedagogical counseling centers or organizations supporting gifted students, even if in the form of funded scholarships.