Al al-Bayt University

Abstract We present the habitability and stability of the proposed planets around the young stellar system HD 21841 based on the estimated astrophysical parameters of its components. Our study utilizes an orbital analysis of the system, employing Tokovinin's Method and incorporating 12 new speckle interferometric measurements that collectively span approximately 90 degrees of the orbit. Additionally, we use Al-Wardat's method for analyzing binary and multiple stellar systems in conjunction with Gaia DR3 astrometry and spectral data for a comprehensive spectrophotometric assessment of the components. This approach utilizes Kurucz’s model stellar atmospheres and available photometric data to develop synthetic spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for each component and subsequently the entire system. We can identify the physical parameters and the optimal solution by comparing the synthetic SED of the entire system with the observational data from Gaia. The analysis successfully determined the stellar parameters of the system for the first time, revealing the following: $ T_{\rm eff.}=5945\pm80\,K$, $R=1.018\pm0.05\, R_\odot$ , $\mathcal{M}=1.12\pm0.10\, \mathcal{M_\odot}$ for the primary component and $T_{\rm eff.}=5700\pm80\,K$, $R=0.975\pm0.06\, R_\odot$ , $\mathcal{M}=1.05\pm0.09\, \mathcal{M_\odot}$ for the secondary component. Both components are found to have solar metallicity and are approximately 1 billion years old. The combined spectrophotometric and dynamical analysis resulted in precise stellar masses and a new dynamical parallax of $23.756\pm0.001$ mas, consistent with the Hipparcos 1997 measurement ($23.76\pm1.07$) and intermediate between that of Gaia DR2 ($23.51\pm0.28$) and Gaia DR3 ($24.31\pm0.19$). In addition to studying the habitability and stability of the exoplanets within the system, we explored the processes of its formation and evolution.

This study aims to examine the impact of forensic accounting services on reducing money laundering. Its originality lies in its exploration of the effects of each of the four forensic accounting services individually, including litigation services, business valuation, fraud investigation, and IT forensics. As the study focuses on the forensic accounting profession, a quantitative approach was adopted, and data were collected via a questionnaire to enable a precise analysis of how forensic accounting contributes to uncovering and reducing money laundering activities. The study’s results demonstrated that forensic accounting plays a significant role in detecting financial violations and substantially reduces money laundering, particularly when combined with strict laws and regulations that enhance its effectiveness. Three out of the four proposed hypotheses were supported, highlighting the growing importance of integrating forensic accounting tools into anti-money laundering frameworks within government institutions. This research emphasises the need for further development of the forensic accounting profession. It also recommends that forensic accountants and practitioners refine their methodologies and tools to deliver more reliable and effective services, ultimately strengthening financial oversight and efforts to combat economic crimes. By enhancing transparency and accountability, forensic accounting contributes to sustainable development objectives, particularly SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions). This study highlights how enhancing forensic accounting practices can promote institutional integrity and economic sustainability within the public sector.

Abstract Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a primary global public health concern since it is commonly recognized as the primary risk factor for cirrhosis and liver cancer globally. This study aims to evaluate the level of knowledge and the prevailing attitudes of Jordanian nursing students toward hepatitis B, with a particular focus on identifying knowledge gaps and factors influencing their understanding and perceptions. Materials and methods A descriptive design was employed to collect data from December 1, 2023, to April 1, 2024. A self-administered questionnaire was used to conduct convenience sampling among senior Jordanian nurses. Result A total of 455 participants were analyzed, revealing a young cohort with a mean age of 22.5 years. The participants demonstrated moderate knowledge of hepatitis B, with specific misconceptions identified. Besides, participants demonstrated a moderately positive attitude toward hepatitis B. However, demographic characteristics showed significant differences in knowledge by sex, whereas certain factors did not. Still, attitudes significantly differed based on those infected with hepatitis B and family members infected with hepatitis B. Conclusion This study focused on training and awareness programs to enhance knowledge and foster a positive attitude towards hepatitis B amongst nursing students. Moreover, combining these training and awareness activities would help improve hospital safety protocols in Jordan and ensure that a hepatitis B virus outbreak is averted.

This study aims to shed light on the economic conditions in Jerusalem, focusing on the circumstances of Palestinian residents and the pressures they face from Israel. These pressures include the confiscation of lands and the creation of laws by the Israeli government to justify and legitimize these actions. The study also highlights the resilience of Jerusalemites in clinging to their lands and properties despite the Israeli government’s tactics and efforts to Judaize the city. The study employs an analytical historical research methodology, gathering relevant sources and references such as Aref al-Aref’s History of Jerusalem, Samir Jiriss’ Jerusalem: Zionist Plans, Occupation, and Judaization, and Kate Maguire’s Judaizing Jerusalem: Israeli Steps to Seize Jerusalem, among others listed in the bibliography at the end of this research. These sources were then analyzed using a historical and scientific approach. This research affirms the legitimate and existential right of Jerusalemites to their properties, whether land or real estate, and their steadfastness in the face of Israeli challenges, including land and property confiscations, increased and diversified taxes, and arbitrary tax collection methods. It also highlights their resistance to the Judaization efforts undertaken by the Israeli government in Jerusalem. Since the Israeli occupation, Jerusalem has suffered from demographic and existential pressures on its Palestinian residents. Despite the relative resilience of Jerusalemites in the face of these pressures, the city has been subjected to continuous land confiscation and Judaization due to the expansion of Israeli settlements, both in the city center and its neighborhoods. Nevertheless, Jerusalem and its inhabitants remain a major center of Palestinian, Arab, and international resistance. The role of Arab and international aid in supporting Jerusalemites to hold onto their land and properties cannot be overlooked.

Abstract This study investigates the volatility spillover and connectedness networks among renewable energy sources (Biofuel, Fuel cell, Geothermal, Solar), green bonds, and cryptocurrencies (Bitcoin, Ethereum, Tether, and BNB coin) in the U.S. market. To accomplish this objective, we analyzed data from November 15, 2017, to May 31, 2024, via the methods introduced by Diebold and Yilmaz (Int J Forecast 28:57–66, 2012) and Baruník and Křehlík (J Financ Econometr 16:271 296, 2018). Our findings reveal that major global disruptions—including the COVID-19 pandemic, the Russia–Ukraine war, the collapse of Silicon Valley Bank, and the Credit Suisse crisis—have intensified volatility spillovers and financial contagion across markets, exacerbating their outcomes. The findings suggest that the effectiveness of green finance depends on its allocation across these sectors, highlighting the importance of examining each sector to understand the success of these financial initiatives. The influence of COVID-19 on the U.S. economy has increased transmission risk across markets. Renewable energy is less volatile than green bonds and cryptocurrencies are, with these indices reacting more quickly to short-term shocks. Investors should focus on short-term impacts to manage market risk effectively. By providing insights into how financial shocks propagate across sectors, emphasizing the need for a sector-specific approach to assessing financial sustainability, and underscoring the importance of short-term risk management strategies, this research offers valuable contributions to decision-makers and investors.

The discourse of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) plays a strategic role in strengthening the moderate attitudes of students amidst the dynamics of social and religious diversity. This article aims to conceptually examine the role of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) discourse in shaping students' moderate attitudes thru an academic approach. This research uses the library research method by analyzing various sources of literature in the form of books, scientific journal articles, and educational policy documents relevant to the theme of PAI discourse and religious moderation. Data analysis is conducted descriptively-analytically to identify concepts, thot patterns, and main findings from the reviewed literature. The study results show that the dialogical, inclusive, and critical discourse of PAI can encourage students to understand differences rationally and instill values of religious moderation, such as tolerance, justice, and balance. Furthermore, academic discourse in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) provides a reflective space for students to understand Islamic teachings contextually without neglecting normative values. Thus, strengthening the discourse of Islamic Religious Education becomes a relevant approach in fostering moderate attitudes among students in the educational environment.

Despite growing interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR), limited research has evaluated how cash holdings shape firms’ financing decisions. The objective of this study is to explore the effect of CSR on financing decisions with the moderating role of cash holdings. The study utilizes a sample of 522 listed non-financial firms across South Asian countries (i.e., Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, and Sri Lanka) covering the period 2010 to 2024. For data analysis, the study uses a fixed effects model as the primary approach, whereas feasible general least squares (FGLS) and generalized method of moments (GMM) estimations are utilized for robustness checks. The findings indicate that CSR activities have a significant and positive impact on financing decisions. Cash holdings are significantly and negatively associated with external debt financing. However, the results show that with greater availability of cash holdings, firms significantly reduce their reliance on external financing to perform CSR activities. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers to support frameworks that balance CSR goals and debt financing for financial stability, while considering the role of internal funds.

This study aims to verify the role of artificial intelligence in developing engineering project management. It seeks to determine the feasibility of implementing artificial intelligence to increase productivity, improve safety, reduce costs, and save time within engineering projects. The focus of the study is on two approaches to project management: traditional, which does not involve extensive integration of the latest intelligent systems, and innovative, where artificial intelligence is used for automated decision-making and risk forecasting. The methodological tools include pairwise comparison methods based on the Saati scale, as well as formulas for integral assessment, which compare the total benefits and opportunities with costs and risks. The results indicate that the innovative approach with deep integration of artificial intelligence has a higher overall indicator due to better productivity, more efficient resource allocation, and a more flexible security system, despite the additional initial costs and risks of implementation. In the long term, this approach allows for significant time savings and improved economic performance, which is critically important in the context of global competition and rapid technological change. This study confirms the feasibility of using artificial intelligence and provides an analytical tool for rational decision-making between traditional and innovative approaches to engineering project management.