Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy

Background: Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is a significant cause of neonatal respiratory distress and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality, particularly when complicated by persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). Early recognition and timely intervention are crucial for improving outcomes. Case Presentation: We report the case of a term male neonate born at 37 weeks of gestation with a birth weight of 2.9 kg, delivered by lower segment cesarean section in the presence of thick meconium-stained amniotic fluid. Although the infant cried immediately after birth, he developed respiratory distress and apnea episodes within the early postnatal period and was referred to a tertiary care center. On admission, the neonate was tachypneic with poor oxygen saturation. Laboratory investigations revealed an elevated C-reactive protein level, while other hematological parameters were within normal limits. Chest radiography demonstrated bilateral patchy pulmonary opacities with areas of hyperinflation, consistent with MAS. The clinical and radiological findings supported the diagnosis of MAS complicated by PPHN. Management and Outcome: The neonate was treated with oxygen support, mechanical ventilation, antibiotics, and general supportive care. Echocardiography confirmed PPHN, and appropriate heart and lung treatment was started. The baby gradually improved, was weaned off ventilatory support, and discharged in stable condition. Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of early imaging and comprehensive cardiopulmonary evaluation in diagnosing MAS complicated by PPHN. Prompt diagnosis and aggressive respiratory and supportive management can significantly improve clinical outcomes and reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality.

Cancer disease is a leading global stress from the two decays, and the primary mode of treatment has not shown a promising curative approach because toxicity and drug resistance associated with conventional chemotherapy highlight the need for safer, effective alternatives. Citrullus colocynthis (bitter apple) is a medicinal plant reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities. This study investigated the anti-tumor potential of Citrullus colocynthis seed extract against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC)-induced solid tumors in mice. Solid tumors were established by s.c. injection of EAC cells (2 × 10⁶ cells/mouse) in experimental animals. Animals were treated orally with ethanolic seed extract of Citrullus colocynthis for 14 days. Tumor volume, body weight, hematological and biochemical parameters, antioxidant enzyme levels, and histopathological changes in tumor tissues were evaluated. Treatment with Citrullus colocynthis Substantial decrease tumor weight and volume (p < 0.001). Antioxidant enzymes were restored toward normal levels, and altered hematological parameters were significantly improved. Histopathological examination revealed reduced mitotic activity and extensive tumor necrosis, confirming inhibition of tumor progression. The ethanolic seed extract of Citrullus colocynthis could be used as an adjuvant therapy and can be considered along with the primary mode of treatment.

Background: Post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a common and disabling complication of herpes zoster in older adults.Pregabalin and nortriptyline are frequently used in combination for neuropathic pain and are generally well tolerated; however, their combined neuroactive effects may rarely result in adverse neurological outcomes.Case Report: A 65-year-old male with thoracic PHN developed acute unilateral lower limb neuropathy progressing to monoplegia within five days of initiating a fixed-dose combination of pregabalin (75 mg) and nortriptyline (10 mg).Neuroimaging and laboratory investigations excluded metabolic, infectious, and structural causes.Discontinuation of the offending drugs and initiation of neuroregenerative therapy resulted in complete neurological recovery within two weeks.The adverse event was classified as a probable drug reaction (Naranjo score = 6).Conclusion: This case highlights a rare but reversible neurological adverse effect of combined pregabalin-nortriptyline therapy, emphasizing the need for cautious use, early recognition, and vigilant monitoring in elderly patients.

Niosomes were introduced as an alternative to traditional colloidal drug carriers such as emulsions, liposomes, and polymer-based systems. Niosomes offer enhanced stability, biocompatibility, and controlled drug release while overcoming limitations of conventional carriers. Niosomes are vesicular drug carriers composed of non-ionic surfactants, providing targeted and sustained drug release. The article explores strategies to minimize adverse effects using optimized manufacturing methods like thin-film hydration, reverse phase evaporation, and microfluidization. Advanced analytical techniques like electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and nuclear magnetic resonance are employed to characterize niosomes. This study evaluates niosome production techniques, drug loading efficiency, encapsulation ability, and controlled release properties, with a particular focus on drug delivery mechanisms. Topical niosomal gels are developed to enhance drug permeation, stability, and therapeutic efficacy. While conventional gels suffer from poor skin permeability, potential allergic reactions, and limited plasma drug concentration, niosomes improve drug retention, prevent enzymatic degradation, and develop penetration of larger molecules. This study highlights the possibility of niosomes as a potential drug delivery system for topical and systemic applications

This paper explores how two foundational Indian story-based texts, the Panchatantra and the Ramayana, have influenced and continue to influence global political, educational, and cultural systems through centuries of translation, adaptation, and reinterpretation. Drawing on translation studies, cultural exchange, and semantic ontology, it shows that these texts functioned not only as literature but also as tools of soft power, spreading ideas on ethics, governance, and leadership across cultures. To represent this process, the study develops a preliminary ontology framework for story-based texts, aligned with cultural heritage standards such as CIDOC CRM and FRBRoo. Using the Resource Description Framework (RDF) and Web Ontology Language (OWL), the framework encodes narratives, agents, and media as machine-readable data, tracing story transmission from manuscripts to modern adaptations. A prototype demonstrates how multimodal and multilingual variants — such as Panchatantra → Kalila wa Dimna → Directorium Humanae Vitae — can be modelled to show semantic continuity and cultural transformation. Preliminary findings suggest that the ontology supports digital preservation and enables new interpretive and computational approaches. In AI, it provides culturally balanced training data; in diplomacy, it supports heritage-based storytelling; and in education, it informs ontology-driven curricula that integrate ethical and philosophical diversity. The study highlights classical narratives as active digital resources for technology, diplomacy, and global cultural understanding. Highlights• Shows how the Panchatantra and Ramayana shaped global cultural, political, and educational systems through translation and reinterpretations.• Introduces a semantic ontology framework for story-based texts using RDF/OWL aligned with CIDOC-CRM and FRBRoo standards.• Demonstrates modelling of narrative transmission to reveal semantic continuity.• Shows the framework enables digital preservation and new computational approaches to classical literature.• Suggests application in AI training, cultural diplomacy, and ontology-driven education.

The most prevalent causes of hand compartment syndrome are forearm and distal radius fractures; extravasation of medicines and vascular injury are among the other established causes. A 59-year-old female with hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and hypothyroidism presented with recurrent abdominal pain. She was advised a contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) abdomen. During contrast injection, she experienced mild pain, swelling, and irritation in her left hand, leading to discontinuation. Contrast was successfully administered in the right hand. Four hours later, she developed blisters and tense swelling in the left hand. Examination revealed redness, reduced pulsations, and fluid-filled bullae. She was diagnosed with hand compartment syndrome secondary to contrast extravasation and underwent emergency fasciotomy. Postoperative recovery was favourable, with reduced swelling by day 7 and a healthy wound by day 15. She was discharged with no further complications. Contrast extravasation is a rare but preventable cause of compartment syndrome. Prompt recognition and early fasciotomy are critical to prevent neurovascular damage.

Two new simple and accurate solvent blends have been presented for the quantification of Telmisartan (TEL) in bulk and its tablet dosage form. The developed analytical method was validated and established in ICH Q2 (R1). Telmisartan exhibit 298 nm and 291 nm for Solvent A, Solvent B respectively and found was linear for a range of 1 µg/ml to 50 µg/ml.The goodness of fit study suggests good correlation coefficient R2 - 0.9989 and 0.999 for proposed solvents. The validity of Beer’s law with intercept response < 2% calculated by the least square method indicating functional linearity between the concentration of analyte and the absorbance. The (LOD) of Telmisartan was found to be 0.07642±0.1224μg/ml and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of Telmisartan was found to be 0.07642±0.1224μg/ml with %RSD < 2.The analytical method validation of proposed solvent blends was performed by carrying out precision and accuracy studies. The Accuracy percentage recovery on three different levels i.e. 50%, 100% and 150% was found to be within the acceptable limits with RSD < 2. The proposed solvent blends were validated for specificity, precision, ruggedness, accuracy and robustness. Overall study suggest that the proposed solvent blends can be used for quantification of Telmisartan in bulk and its tablet dosage form and can be applied for the everyday quality control analysis.

Abstract Coumarin and indole derivatives occupy a prominent place in medicinal chemistry due to their diverse pharmacological activities, including anticancer, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antiviral, and neuroprotective effects. Molecular hybridization, which combines two bioactive scaffolds into a single framework, has emerged as an effective strategy to improve potency, selectivity, and multifunctionality. In this context, coumarin–indole hybrids have attracted significant attention; however, no focused review has yet addressed their synthetic development. This review seeks to fill that gap by providing a critical overview of the synthetic methodologies, structure–activity relationships, and pharmacological profiles of coumarin–indole hybrids. The strategic fusion of these two privileged scaffolds has yielded compounds with notable preclinical efficacy in oncology, infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and neurodegenerative disorders. Nevertheless, challenges such as poor bioavailability, limited target selectivity, and insufficient in vivo validation remain obstacles to clinical translation. Future progress will require structural optimization, prodrug strategies, advanced delivery systems, and systematic pharmacological and toxicological investigations. Overall, coumarin–indole hybrids represent a versatile chemotype with strong potential for the discovery of next-generation therapeutics across multiple disease domains. Graphical Abstract