Al-Muthanna University

This work examines the two-dimensional continuous flow of a Casson-Williamson fluid over a stretched surface under a Darcy-Forchheimer permeable medium. Several elements can affect the flow, including Joule heating, radiation, chemical reactions, thermal sources, electric field influences, and magnetic field influences. Nonlinear partial differential equations articulate the fundamental equations governing the system's dynamics in this physical model. We simplify these equations to a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by applying requisite changes. The Keller Box technique is utilized to simplify this collection of ordinary differential equations. Velocity, temperature and concentration graphs are plotted. The velocity profiles decline with a rise in the Casson parameter, magnetic parameter, porous parameter, Weissenberg number, and velocity slip parameter. Still, the electric field parameter diminishes when the speed slip constraint is enhanced. This study primarily examines several local properties, including the skin resistance coefficient, the Nusselt number, and the Sherwood numbers. We compare our results with the current literature by computing the skin friction coefficient for different inputs of the Casson factor. Prior studies have yielded results that are fairly congruent with this one.

This article explores the roles of Iran and North Korea in shaping the dynamics of U.S.–China relations within the Indo-Pacific region, which has emerged as the core arena of contemporary geopolitical rivalry. The study investigates how China employs its relationships with these two states as indirect instruments of strategic leverage against U.S. policies, particularly in the realms of regional security, energy, and nuclear proliferation. It further examines the American approach toward Tehran and Pyongyang, focusing on Washington’s attempts to curtail their influence through containment strategies and reinforced regional alliances. Using a descriptive and analytical methodology, supported by academic literature and official documents, the paper interprets the interaction between major powers and active regional actors. The findings reveal that Iran and North Korea function as strategic balancing assets utilized by China to enhance its geopolitical influence vis-à-vis the United States, whereas Washington perceives both as persistent threats necessitating containment and deterrence within the broader context of the Indo-Pacific power competition.

Organic semiconductors have revolutionized electronics, but their amorphous nature hinders performance and stability. Crystallinity overcomes these limitations; however, the design of materials that combine high crystallinity, optimal thermal properties, and ease of synthesis remains a significant challenge. A machine learning (ML)‐assisted approach combined with the density functional theory (DFT) study was employed to generate a vast chemical space of crystallizable organic semiconductors. By breaking retrosynthetically interesting chemical species (BRICS), over 1700 new organic semiconductors with promising synthetic accessibility (SA) were designed. ML algorithms, specifically extra trees (ET) and random forest, were used to predict the melting temperatures ( T m ) of these semiconductors, yielding good R ‐squared ( R 2 ) values of 0.94–0.96. Dimensionality reduction analysis reveals that the t‐distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t‐SNE) components 1 and 2 of these semiconductors ranged within the same value (−5 to 5), indicating a high degree of similarity. Furthermore, analysis of SA showed that new organic semiconductors with SMILES lengths between 15 and 40 are more likely to be easily synthesized. Based on these findings, 20 new candidate semiconductors were identified for practical synthesis and analysis. DFT calculations were employed to study the optoelectronic properties of chromophores. This study demonstrates the power of ML‐assisted design in generating crystallizable organic semiconductors with enhanced SA. The findings are expected to contribute significantly to the development of high‐performance organic electronics.

Digital transformation in education has not been optimally utilized to enhance students’ cultural literacy and character development in junior high school Social Studies (IPS). The limited availability of digital learning materials integrating local wisdom has contributed to weak cultural literacy and insufficient character education. This study aims to analyze the need for developing local wisdom-based digital learning materials to improve students’ cultural literacy and character in Social Studies learning in Sijunjung Regency. Using a Research and Development approach with the Borg and Gall model, data were collected through Focus Group Discussions, questionnaires, interviews, and observations involving 10 Social Studies teachers and 153 students from six junior high schools. The findings indicate that Social Studies learning remains largely textbook-centered, with minimal integration of local culture. While 88% of students show interest in digital-based learning, only 34% are familiar with the Marosok tradition, and 90% of teachers have not used culturally integrated digital materials. These results reveal a gap in cultural literacy and highlight the need for contextual digital learning materials that integrate Social Studies content with local values

General Background Placenta previa is a major obstetric condition associated with antepartum hemorrhage and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Specific Background Rising cesarean section rates and increasing maternal age have contributed to higher reported cases, particularly in high-risk hospital settings. Knowledge Gap Limited region-specific data are available regarding placenta previa prevalence and maternal risk factors among women undergoing cesarean delivery in Iraq. Aims This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of placenta previa and identify associated maternal risk factors among cesarean deliveries in AL-Muthanna and AL-Diwaniya, Iraq. Results A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of 300 cesarean deliveries identified placenta previa in 15% of cases, with advanced maternal age, multiple previous cesarean sections, high parity, elevated body mass index, anterior placental location, and comorbidities showing significant associations. Novelty This study provides stratified regional evidence linking surgical history and maternal characteristics to placenta previa within a high-cesarean population. Implications Early identification of high-risk women may support tailored antenatal surveillance and surgical planning to reduce maternal complications. Keywords: Placenta Previa, Cesarean Section, Maternal Age, Obstetric Risk Factors, Pregnancy Complications Key Findings Highlights: Placenta previa was identified in a notable proportion of cesarean deliveries within the study population. Advanced maternal age and repeated surgical deliveries showed strong statistical associations. Stratified analysis clarified maternal and placental characteristics linked to higher clinical risk.

General Background Schiff base ligands are widely studied in coordination chemistry due to their versatile binding modes and relevance in biological and pharmaceutical research. Specific Background Pyrazolone-based Schiff bases derived from 4-aminoantipyrine have demonstrated notable coordination behavior with transition metals and promising computational bioactivity profiles. Knowledge Gap However, limited studies integrate microwave-assisted synthesis with combined spectroscopic characterization, theoretical stability analysis, molecular docking, and ADME prediction for such systems. Aims This study aimed to synthesize a new Schiff base ligand and its Co(II) and Cu(II) complexes, characterize their structural properties, and evaluate their theoretical stability, docking behavior, and drug-likeness. Results Spectroscopic and analytical data confirmed successful complex formation with a 1:2 metal–ligand ratio and octahedral geometry. Computational calculations indicated higher stability of the complexes compared to the free ligand. Docking analysis revealed favorable binding interactions with breast cancer-related protein targets, while ADME prediction showed compliance with Lipinski’s rule and acceptable pharmacokinetic parameters. Novelty The novelty lies in the integrated experimental–computational approach combined with microwave synthesis for this specific ligand–metal system. Implications These findings support the relevance of Schiff base metal complexes as structurally stable candidates for further theoretical and experimental bioactivity investigations. Keywords: Schiff Base Complexes, Microwave Synthesis, Molecular Docking, ADME Prediction, Transition Metal Coordination Key Findings Highlights: Stable octahedral cobalt and copper complexes were confirmed by spectroscopic and magnetic data Theoretical calculations demonstrated higher stability of complexes relative to the free ligand Docking and pharmacokinetic analyses indicated suitability for further bioactivity-oriented studies

This study aims to examine impact of monetary policy indicators on the agricultural foreign trade in Iraq. In addition, it seeks to examine the causal relationship between these indicators and analysis of the short and long-term effects of economic indicators (exchange rate, inflation rate, wide money supply, and interest rate) on agricultural foreign trade in Iraq for the period 1990-2021. The researcher used econometric analysis using the modern ARDL co-integration methodology. The results showed that the exchange rate had a negative multiplier effect on agricultural exports, reaching (-0.004) at a 2% significance level, and that annual inflation had a negative impact on agricultural exports, reaching (-0.004) at a level of significance of 2%. The level of significance is 1%. As for the broad money supply, increasing money would increase the purchasing power of everyone who owns it, and it reached (2.54) at the level of significance of 5%. As for the interest rate, a rise in the interest rate would reduce the volume of loans and investments and thus affect It had a negative impact on agricultural exports and amounted to (-0.17) at a significance level of 1%. The results of the analysis showed that the exchange rate has a clear impact on agricultural imports, as it amounted to (0.003) at a significance level of 1%, and in comparison, with the interest rate, which amounted to (0.01), which was not significant. As for the broad money supply, as it reached (4.41) at a 5% significance level, the increase in the money supply will be pushed to reduce the value of the currency, which will lead to an increase in agricultural imports. As for the annual inflation rate, which reached (-0.0008), it is not significant, and it is recommended.

Femoral neck fractures in children are serious injuries due to their potential complications which may lead to a lifelong disability. We reviewed the results in ten consecutive patients less than 16 years old who were treated by open reduction and internal fixation with multiple Dunham's pins at Samawa general hospital from 1997 to 2002. There were six male and four female patients, and they ranged in age from six to fifteen years old. All patients sustained fracture in high velocity trauma. Six patients had transcervical fractures, three cervicotrochanteric and one intertrochanteric fracture. All fractures united satisfactorily within four months and there was one case of wound infection. Avascular necrosis of femoral head developed in one patient (10%), it was asymptomatic and healed spontaneously after two years on restriction of activities.