Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan

Advances in optimization theory have been made systematically by the desire to solve more and more complicated geometric structures that are realised in contemporary applications. This is a rigorous investigation of monotone vector fields and proximal algorithms in the deep geometrical setting of generalized metric spaces (G-metric spaces). Our study fills a general deficiency in the literature by generalizing classical monotonicity principles and proximal point algorithms to support the complex three-point distance structure of G-metric spaces.In this way, by conductinga strict theoretical study, we prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions in the concept of monotone inclusion, are able to develop effective proximal algorithms with guaranteed convergence rates, and illustrate their successful application in different areas of practice. Theoretical contributions that we have made include: (1) the extension of monotonicity theory in all its forms to G-metric spaces with complete characterizations, (2) the construction of strongly convergent proximalpoint algorithms that are explicit in rate of convergence, and (3) its application to variational inequalities and multi-objective optimization problems in non-standard geometries, where the old metric structures are no longer applicable. Our findings create new opportunities to deal with optimization problems in complex networks, social systems, and the present-day machine learning paradigms. Keywords: G-metric spaces, monotone operators, proximal algorithms,

In this paper, we study and define the notion of bundles of lines in the 3-dimensional Euclidean space, we also investigate their essential geometric aspects. Starting from a regular surface, we construct an orthonormal moving frame on the initial surface and employ it to describe the local behavior of associated line bundles also, and derive the fundamental equations of the bundles of lines. Then, we utilize the tools of differential forms to prove some basic theorems relevant to this study. Using the formalism of differential forms and the basic theorems, several foundational theorems related to these bundles are established, providing a unified framework for studying families of lines generated by surfaces which open new perspectives for applications in classical differential geometry and providing also, a geometric framework for further analysis and applications.

Abstract Background Immunotherapy has transformed cancer management. Patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors frequently experience concurrent pain and sleep disturbances that affect quality of life, treatment adherence, and overall survival. Nursing interventions addressing both symptoms remain poorly defined. Methods This scoping review searched the Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and CINAHL for updates from 2019 to 2025 following PRISMA-ScR guidelines; ten studies were included (randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and observational studies for all cancers. Results Nurse-led interventions included education, physical therapies (massage, reflexology, acupressure), behavioral approaches, and digital platforms (telehealth, electronic patient-reported outcomes). The patients achieved moderate short-term pain reductions, significantly improved quality of life, enhanced treatment adherence, and reduced emergency department visits by up to 45%. However, only 2/10 studies used validated instruments to measure sleep quality, and none designed primary interventions specifically targeting sleep disturbances in immunotherapy patients. Long-term sustainability of pain interventions was questionable, with most effects attenuating beyond eight weeks except for psycho-educational approaches. Conclusion Future research should develop integrated, nurse-delivered interventions addressing pain and sleep as interconnected symptoms, with extended follow-up periods and enhanced accessibility across diverse healthcare settings. Validated instruments to measure sleep quality should be employed.

An open-channel transition is needed in most water conveyance channels to connect channel sections with different cross-sectional shapes, areas, bottom slopes, or their combinations. However, these transitions inherently create adverse pressure gradients, flow separation, turbulent eddies, and energy losses, presenting a long-standing hydraulic issue. This study investigated a warped transition (WT), a transition type favored for its smooth linking geometry, which connected a small rectangular upstream channel section to a large downstream trapezoidal section, and evaluated the effectiveness of installing a honeycomb in the WT to reduce turbulence and improve flow characteristics and hydraulic efficiency. The three-dimensional velocity field of turbulent flow was measured using an acoustic Doppler velocimeter. The results showed that the honeycomb effectively improved mean flow properties by enhancing the uniformity of primary flow and reducing the strength of secondary currents and reversed flow. The cell size of the honeycomb limited the formation of larger energy-bearing turbulent eddies. Compared to a conventional WT without a honeycomb, the modified transition exhibited less severe flow separation and lower turbulence intensities. Implementing a honeycomb is a practical and inexpensive intervention for both existing and new transitions. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for improving the design of water conveyance channels.

AI has extensive data on how customers behave and what they like, which helps companies better understand what they need. This has led many businesses to adopt these technologies to market their goods and services. The primary objective of this paper is to examine how the application of AI affects digital marketing strategies. This study used a quantitative approach. Questionnaires were distributed to a sample of 250 clients of Iraqi Internet providers. All forms were collected; 192 were deemed valid for analysis, representing 76%. SPSS 28 used for data analysis. The findings revealed a statistically significant correlation between artificial intelligence applications and digital marketing for clients of Iraqi Internet enterprises. This study provides recommendations for Iraqi Internet enterprises to integrate AI with digital marketing activities. The study concluded that there is great importance in integrating artificial intelligence into electronic marketing activities because of its significant impact on understanding customer needs and demands, in addition to improving customer care service.

Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by severe muscle loss, metabolic disturbances, and unintentional weight loss, posing a major challenge in oncology care. Despite advances in palliative and nutritional management, it remains underdiagnosed and undertreated due to organizational and practice-related barriers. This study aims to identify the factors influencing Jordanian healthcare professionals' assessment and management of cancer cachexia. The awareness, confidence, and perceived barriers of healthcare professionals in cachexia care were assessed using a descriptive cross-sectional method. Oncology professionals, including nurses, nutritionists, and physiotherapists assigned to the largest government oncology hospital in Jordan, provided the data. Over 80% of participants could not accurately define sarcopenia or undernutrition, highlighting major knowledge gaps. Overall, 81.1% failed to correctly define undernutrition and 65.5% failed to define cancer cachexia, with substantial gaps particularly among nurses. Healthcare professionals also reported low confidence in identifying and managing cachexia, worsened by unclear roles and limited institutional support. Only 6.8% knew who was responsible for identifying cachexia, while 8.1% knew who was responsible for its treatment. Key barriers included time constraints, lack of standardized screening tools, weak multidisciplinary collaboration, and limited access to evidence-based guidelines, with 43.9% reporting cachexia was not an organizational priority. This study highlights the urgent need for effective institutional guidelines, improved multidisciplinary collaboration, and organized educational programs to assist healthcare professionals in managing cancer cachexia. Enhancing cachexia care with specialized education and standard protocols might dramatically improve patient outcomes and progress cancer care approaches in Jordan.