Alberto Hurtado University

This article examines how feminist ideas, actors and practices have reshaped the Chilean judiciary over the last two decades. Drawing on documentary analysis and 36 emblematic rulings of the Constitutional Court (2004-2024), complemented by decisions of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, this analysis examines the recent process of gender mainstreaming in the justice system. The cases were systematised within a Gender and Jurisprudence Observatory that seeks both to produce socio-legal knowledge and to make information on key rulings publicly accessible. The article is grounded in Latin American feminist legal thought, especially the work of Alda Facio, Carolina Vergel and Marcela Lagarde, and in socio-legal approaches to public action. It adapts Laure Bereni’s concept of the “women’s cause space” to the Chilean context, proposing the notion of a “feminist cause space” to capture the interactions between institutional feminism and autonomous feminist movements. Findings show that gender equality has gained unprecedented institutional recognition in the judiciary through the creation of women judges’ associations, strategic plans, specialised secretariats and an institutional gender policy. Yet jurisprudence remains ambivalent: only around 25% of decisions in which gender is explicitly invoked are favourable to equality claims. Courts frequently mobilise a discourse of legal neutrality that obscures power asymmetries, even when interpreting international treaties such as CEDAW and the Belém do Pará Convention. Through the analysis of conflicts related to sexual and reproductive rights, gender-based violence, care and labour rights—including the morning-after pill litigation and the Antonia Barra “femicide-suicide” case-the article argues that feminism has widened the boundaries of what counts as legal reasoning, challenged the idea of neutral adjudication and exposed territorial and cultural inequalities in access to justice. The Chilean case illustrates how gender mainstreaming is not only a matter of protocols and training but also a broader cultural and organisational transformation driven by feminist struggles.

Este estudio analiza el creciente problema del desempleo de larga duración y el subempleo entre los profesionales titulados en Chile, contrastándolo con la promesa histórica de movilidad social ligada a la expansión de la educación superior. A pesar del aumento sostenido en la matrícula universitaria en las últimas décadas, el mercado laboral no ha generado suficientes empleos calificados, resultando en una brecha estructural. Utilizando datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Empleo (INE) y otros informes técnicos, el artículo explora dimensiones de la subutilización laboral: el desempleo persistente (que causa un efecto de "cicatriz" laboral) y el desajuste horizontal o vertical (subempleo por competencias o nivel de ingresos). Se concluye que el desafío principal radica en alinear la pertinencia formativa con las necesidades del tejido productivo para evitar la asignación ineficiente del capital humano

Este estudio investiga la hipótesis de un origen común para tres tendencias macroeconómicas observadas en economías avanzadas: el aumento del poder de mercado, la desaceleración de la productividad y la desigualdad de ingresos. Utilizando un modelo dinámico calibrado con datos de EE.UU. (1960-2020), se demuestra que el encarecimiento en la creación y mantenimiento de empresas reduce la competencia y la innovación colectiva. Los resultados indican que el debilitamiento del tejido empresarial explica aproximadamente el 90% del aumento en la participación del ingreso del 1% más rico y el 80% del incremento en el índice de Gini, sugiriendo que la política de competencia es fundamentalmente una política distributiva.

Este estudio analiza la evolución de la Ley 21.030 de Interrupción Voluntaria del Embarazo en Chile desde su promulgación en 2017 hasta 2024, basándose en registros del Ministerio de Salud. La investigación revela que, de un total de 6.114 casos a nivel nacional, la Causal 2 (inviabilidad fetal) ha sido históricamente predominante. Sin embargo, se identifica un crecimiento explosivo y preocupante en la Causal 3 (violación) a partir de 2022, llegando a representar el 36,3% de los casos en 2024. Utilizando suavizamiento exponencial, se proyecta una continuación de esta tendencia al alza para los años 2025-2027. El estudio concluye alertando sobre la correlación entre este aumento y la violencia sexual, especialmente en menores de edad.

Cardiac myosin activators (CMAs) have been explored as a potential therapy to enhance cardiac contractility in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). However, their effect on clinical outcomes, including mortality, cardiovascular (CV) events, and heart failure (HF) symptoms, remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CMAs compared to placebo in patients with HFrEF through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. A systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Scopus identified randomized controlled trials comparing CMAs to placebo in HFrEF patients. Meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model, including 10,019 patients from nine trials, with 5204 receiving CMAs. CMAs had no significant effect on CV death (risk ratio [RR]: 1.01; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.92-1.10; p = 0.85), HF events (RR: 0.95; 95 % CI: 0.89-1.02; p = 0.15), or all-cause mortality (RR: 1.00; 95 % CI: 0.93-1.07; p = 0.95). However, CMAs significantly reduced the composite outcome of CV death, HF hospitalization, and urgent outpatient visits for HF (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.92; 95 % CI: 0.90-0.93; p < 0.00001) and lowered stroke risk compared to placebo (p = 0.006). CMAs, particularly omecamtiv mecarbil, did not significantly impact all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, or HF recurrence in patients with HFrEF. However, modest reductions were observed in composite outcomes and stroke. These findings should be interpreted cautiously, and further trials are needed to validate their clinical role.

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la influencia del conflicto israelí-palestino en las expresiones de antisemitismo en Argentina, incluyendo el antisionismo, bajo la premisa de que este último proyecta concepciones antisemitas tradicionales sobre Israel como el “judío colectivo”. Se emplea una metodología mixta que combina el análisis discursivo de las expresiones antisemitas, clasificadas en categorías para identificar estructuras, temas y manifestaciones, con la sistematización de incidentes para analizar tendencias, patrones y evolución del fenómeno. Los resultados revelan una diferenciación estructural en el comportamiento del odio antijudío: mientras el antisemitismo neonazi y xenófobo mantiene una tendencia estable (componente endógeno), el antisionismo presenta una alta volatilidad correlacionada temporalmente con los picos de violencia en Gaza (componente exógeno). El estudio concluye que el conflicto externo actúa como un catalizador causal que activa prejuicios latentes, operando mediante mecanismos de sustitución terminológica que niegan la autodeterminación nacional judía y proyectan estereotipos clásicos sobre la figura del Estado de Israel.

Agroecology is increasingly shaped by the convergence of traditional knowledge, farmers’ lived experiences, and scientific research, fostering a plural dialog that embraces the ecological and socio-political complexity of agricultural systems. Within this framework, soil biodiversity is essential for maintaining ecosystem functions, with soil microbiology, and particularly arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), playing a pivotal role in enhancing soil fertility, plant health, and agroecosystem resilience. This review explores the synergy between agroecological practices and AMF by examining their ecological, economic, epistemic, and territorial contributions to sustainable agriculture. Drawing on recent scientific findings and Latin American case studies, it highlights how practices such as reduced tillage, crop diversification, and organic matter inputs foster diverse and functional AMF communities and differentially affect their composition and ecological roles. Beyond their biological efficacy, AMF are framed as relational and socio-ecological agents—integral to networks that connect soil regeneration, food quality, local autonomy, and multi-species care. By bridging ecological science with political ecology and justice in science-based knowledge, this review offers a transdisciplinary lens on AMF and proposes pathways for agroecological transitions rooted in biodiversity, cognitive justice, and territorial sustainability.

ABSTRACT Early sites (ca. 12000–10400 cal. BP) located at the Imilac and Punta Negra high Andean basin in the southern Puna de Atacama (24.5°) appear as open sites with little stratigraphic potential. Most of the record corresponds to abundant lithic material as opposed to a few bone remains. Nevertheless, the presence of numerous projectile points and artefacts related to the processing of fauna allows us to infer the importance of this resource. The scarce remains recovered are generally in a very poor state of preservation, fragmented and very fragile. To understand the taphonomic trajectories and the absence of bone remains in the records, we have implemented a line of histotaphonomic actualistic analysis in two ecological floors corresponding to the high ravine zone (4,000 masl) and the current borders of the Salar de Punta Negra (3,000 masl), where the sites are located. Through the sampling of modern skeletal remains, mostly from camelids in both sectors, we sought to explore diagenetic processes by means of histological analysis. Preliminary results based on transmitted light microscopy show that diagenetic modification conditions seem to be more dynamic and variable in the salt-flat sector than in the surrounding ravine environments associated with watercourses that come from the Llullaillaco volcano.