All Russia Petroleum Research Exploration Institute

It is shown that the differences water-soluble and water-insoluble fractions of plant leaf biomass, as well as phloem, are evolutionarily determined. They are associated with metabolic reactions during assimilation and photorespiration and do not depend on the illumination mode or on the spectral ranges of photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) used in illumination. The above isotopic shifts are the cause of isotopic differences in assimilatory and photorespiratory carbon stocks that feed various metabolic processes. Due to the strict temporal and spatial organization of metabolism, carbon fluxes from the funds retain isotopic differences without complete mixing. The differences in the isotopic composition of carbon of the water-soluble fraction of the biomass and carbon of phloem juice from carbon of the water-insoluble fraction are small (1–3‰), but they are quite stable and easily fixed. The carbon of the water-soluble fraction is very close in isotopic composition to the carbon of the phloem and is noticeably enriched in isotope 13C relative to the water-insoluble fraction, which makes it possible to use it as a marker in the study of assimilate transport in plants, especially during budding and fruiting. It is shown that the reason for the enrichment of autotrophic organs and tissues with the isotope 12C relative to carbon of heterotrophic parts of the plant is the result of predominant participation in their formation of an isotopically light assimilation fund, whereas an isotopically heavy photorespiratory fund takes part in the formation of heterotrophic organs. It is shown that the manifestation of the formation of two isotopically different funds is the discovered relationship of the carbon isotope composition of leaves with their age.

<p><em>The Educational Process takes place throughout history and develops in parallel. With the development of social culture, humans on earth develop social culture. The development of human culture originates from the guidelines of Islamic teachings which have been set forth in the Qur'an and al-Hadith. Basically, being an educational staff is a very heavy responsibility that must be carried out because it is related to the gate of the relay of the nation's struggle relay, so that it is free from the crisis of education and the moral degradation of the nation's children. Becoming a teacher is a very tough challenge, because teachers are required to be professional in learning. In continuing with a teacher, the teacher must have a good strategy in carrying out his duties as an educator. The learning strategy is an arrangement of activities that are included in the use of methods and utilization of various resources or strengths in learning. In the explanation above it is explained that functionally a teacher or educator must certainly require broad insight, appropriate theory and practice in his field professionally.</em></p>

For the first time, the results of complex mineralogical and geochemical studies of coals of the Mugun lignite deposit of Early-Middle Jurassic age have been obtained. The chemical, phase and microelement composition of coals and coal ash, thermal properties, Raman spectroscopy and isotopic composition of carbon matter have been studied. It has been established that peneplain, characterized by a high degree of laterite-hypergene alteration of rocks, served as a source of terrigenous material for Mugun coals. Many geological, mineralogical, geochemical and technological properties of the studied coals are correlated with the degree of lateritization of the terrigenous admixture.

Data on diatom algae and silicoflagellates were obtained for the first time from the lower part of the stratotype of the Liman Formation (Liman Mount area), which allowed dating of this part of the Liman Formation as far back as the end of the Middle–beginning of the Late Miocene (Denticulopsis praedimorpha Zone, 12.9–11.5 Ma and Thalassiosira yabei Zone, 11.5–10.0 Ma by diatoms) and revealed the marine genesis of host deposits. The upper part of the stratotype of the Liman Formation (Pyata Cape area) that hosts the continental deposits with an assemblage of freshwater diatoms, with a certain degree of confidence may be referred to the Late Miocene (?)–Eopleistocene (Calabrian Stage).

The article provides the updating of the petroleum potential forecast of the Permian formations in the southern part of the Vilyuy Syneclise, which is a promising territory for the petroleum exploration. Article includes a brief description of the Upper Permian sequences and justification of the oil and gas prospects of the Upper Permian Taragay Formation. Authors have performed updated scheme of the oil and gas potential prospects of the Permian section based on the data of new geological and geophysical studies carried out in the southern part of the syneclise.

The oil rim reserves development suggests complexity in maintaining the balance of gas and oil withdrawals from the reservoir, choosing the optimal well design and geosteering, justifying well operation conditions, etc. In addition, gas and oil reservoir can be complicated by diagenetic alterations of deposits, blocked structure, abnormal thermobaric conditions. The paper presents the results of conceptual approach to the Botuobinskiy horizon’s oil rim development design at the Chayandinskoye oil and gas condensate field with the presence of the above complications. This experience can be applied to assess the majority of fields in Eastern Siberia.

<strong>Постановка проблеми.</strong> Стаття присвячена розгляду сутності виникнення суб'єктивного цивільного права як юридичних можливостей відповідної особи, забезпечених положеннями цивільного законодавства України. Проблема полягає в тому, що згідно з найпоширенішим підходом виникнення суб'єктивного цивільного права прирівнюється до набуття ним людиною. Але в цьому випадку передача цивільних прав не є відмінною формою динаміки суб'єктивних цивільних прав, оскільки вона набуває форми втрати цивільним правом однією особою та набуття її іншою. <strong>Метою статті</strong> є визначення правової природи виникнення суб'єктивного цивільного права як автономного елемента механізму правового цивільного регулювання відносин. <strong>Методи.</strong> У статті підтримується концептуальний підхід, згідно з яким сутність виникнення суб'єктивного цивільного права може бути розкрита диференціацією первинних та похідних засобів набуття права. <strong>Результати.</strong> Враховуючи вищезазначений підхід, автор досліджує юридичну схематизацію первинного набуття суб'єктивного цивільного права у процесі формування цивільних відносин. В результаті автор обґрунтовує первинне формування цивільних відносин, пов'язане з ланцюговою реакцією. Зокрема, виникнення відповідного юридичного факту призводить до зв’язку між елементами цивільних відносин. За наявності суб'єктів цивільного права (це головна умова формування нових цивільних відносин) відповідним юридичним фактом може бути створення нового об’єкта – речі, що призводить до виникнення права власності на нього. Але, також, коли річ присутня, людина може заволодіти нею, що може призвести до виникнення права власності на неї. В обох ситуаціях виникнення права власності забезпечує юридичний зв'язок набувача та іншої особи щодо визначеного об'єкта, що є первинним формуванням цивільних відносин та первинним виникненням права власності – частиною змісту відповідних відносин. <strong>Висновки.</strong> Обґрунтовано, що, як правило, виникнення суб'єктивного цивільного права є первинним початком його існування щодо того, що воно не існувало до того, як з'явився відповідний юридичний факт, що формував відносини. Ця юридична схематизація характерна для виникнення прав майстерності, особливо права власності. У той же час суб'єктивне цивільне право на позов може виникнути в існуючих цивільних відносинах, в яких воно раніше не існувало. Наприклад, право розірвати договір в односторонньому порядку може бути включено до змісту цивільних відносин шляхом змін до договору. <strong>Problem statement</strong>. The article is devoted to consideration the essence of emergence of subjective civil right as juridical possibilities of appropriate person ensured by provisions of civil law of Ukraine. The problem is that according to the most widespread approach emergence of subjective civil right is equated with acquisition of it by a person. But in that case transfer of civil rights is not a distinctive form of dynamic of subjective civil rights because it takes the form of loss of civil right by one person and acquisition of it by another. <strong>The purpose</strong> of the article is to define the legal nature of emergence of subjective civil right as autonomous element of mechanism of legal civil regulation of relationships. <strong>Methods</strong>. The conceptual approach according to which the essence of emergence of subjective civil right can be disclosed by differentiation of primary and derivative means of right acquisition is supported in the article. <strong>Results</strong>. Deeping above mentioned approach the author researches juridical schematization of primary acquisition of subjective civil right in process of formation of civil relationship. As a result of it the author substantiates that primary formation of civil relationship related to chain reaction. Particularly the emergence of appropriate juridical fact leads to connection between the elements of civil relationship. When subjects of civil law are present (this is the main condition of formation the new civil relationship) appropriate juridical fact can be the creation of the new object – the thing that leads to emergence the right of property to it. But, also when the thing is present a person can take possession of it that can lead to emergence the right of property to it. In both situations the emergence the right of property provides juridical connection between acquirer and other person regarding defined object that is primary formation of civil relationship and primary emergence of the right of property – the part of the content of appropriate relationship. <strong>Conclusions</strong>. It is substantiated that as a rule the emergence of subjective civil right is a primary beginning of its existence regarding that it hadn’t existed before appropriate juridical fact which form relationships emerged. This juridical schematization is characteristic of emergence of rights of mastery, particularly right of property. At the same time subjective civil right to claim can emerge in existed civil relationships in which it didn’t exist before. For example, the right to terminate the contract unilaterally can be included to content of civil relationship by amendments to contract.

The study of conifer twigs from the Middle Jurassic deposits of the Irkutsk Coal Basin, previously described as Sequoia and Taxocladus, shows their morphology and epidermal characters to be similar to those of Marskea leaves. A new species Marskea heeriana N. Nosova et Kiritch. is described. A new combination, Marskea latifolia (Kiritch.) N. Nosova, comb. nov., is proposed for leafy twigs from the Early Cretaceous of the Lena Basin, originally described as Florinia latifolia Kiritch.

Currently, under the conditions of increasing depletion of hydrocarbon reserves in Russia, it is necessary to consider the resource potential of poorly-researched oil and gas objects as a factor for ensuring the sustainable development of the oil and gas complex, in the context of the concept formation of rational subsoil utilization and a circular economy. The methodology of this study is based on a clear sequence of geological and economic studies of poorly-researched oil and gas objects, including four stages, such as analysis of the raw material base, assessment of the raw material potential, determination of technological development parameters, and economic evaluation. The methods of the probabilistic estimation of oil resources of the forecasted objects with regard to geological risk are outlined. Software packages “EVA—Risk Analysis” and “EVA—Economic Evaluation of Oil and Gas Field Development Projects” were used for estimation. The result of the study is the determination of the geological and economic efficiency of the development of nine hydrocarbon objects with the determination of the order of their further geological exploration, and introduction into industrial development on the example of the poorly-researched region of the Timan-Pechora oil and gas province located in the Arctic zone.

Summary Domanic deposits represent an unique geofluid system, which includes the following elements: reservoirs, sourse rocks, seals. The resource assessment of domanic can be done by volumetric or geochemical method. The main deficiency of the volumetric method is not taking into account the data on the distribution of various forms of organic material in rocks. The geochemical method solves this problem, but the assessment of the amount of mobile oil is rather conditional and requires further study. A formula for resource assessment by the geochemical method with a correction coefficient is proposed. A range of techniques is defined for studying the domanic, they should form the basis of the “Algorithm for Studying Shale Domanic Deposits”.