Altran (France)

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and antibiotic resistance profiles of bacterial isolates from sheep and goats in Hyderabad and Tandojam, Pakistan. A total of 100 samples (nasal swabs, fecal matter, wound exudates, and milk) were collected from clinically healthy and diseased small ruminants. Bacterial isolation and identification were performed using morphological, cultural, and biochemical methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method against 11 commonly used antibiotics. Results revealed an overall bacterial prevalence of 42%. The most frequently isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli (48%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (45%), Bacillus cereus (32%), Streptococcus pyogenes (30%), Pasteurella multocida (28%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (25%), and Micrococcus luteus (18%). High antimicrobial resistance was observed against ampicillin, enrofloxacin, and ofloxacin among most isolates, whereas gentamicin and tetracycline remained largely effective. The findings highlight the significant presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in small ruminants, posing potential zoonotic risks and emphasizing the need for prudent antimicrobial use in veterinary practice in the region.

Evidence on effective teaching methods to promote gender awareness in nursing education remains limited. To compare the effectiveness of lecture-based learning (LBL), guided university debate (GUD), and problem-based learning (PBL) on gender-related competencies among undergraduate nursing students. A quasi-experimental pre-post study involved first-year nursing students across 3 academic years, each receiving LBL (2021-2022), GUD (2022-2023), or PBL (2023-2024). Outcomes included gender knowledge, sensitivity, role ideology, and pain legitimation, measured at baseline, postintervention, and 6-month follow-up using validated scales. GUD and PBL significantly improved gender knowledge compared to LBL, with effects sustained at 6months. PBL showed a short-term increase in gender sensitivity, while GUD's improvements were more pronounced over time. No significant differences were found for gender role ideology or pain legitimation. Active methodologies, particularly GUD and PBL, are more effective than LBL for enhancing gender competence in nursing education.

As the fiftieth anniversary of our common effort in the field of relativistic astrophysics is approaching, we offer a new look to some of our acquired knowledge in a more complete view, which evidence previous unnoticed connections. They are gaining due prominence in reaching a more complete picture evidencing the main results. We outline the history of GRB observations along with a summary of the contributions made by our group to develop the BdHN interpreting model. We show the seven Episodes characterizing the most powerful BdHNe I occurred to date: GRB 190114C and GRB 220101A. New inferences for the explanation of the highest energy radiation in the TeV are presented.

The present study was conducted at the Poultry Experimental Station, Department of Poultry Husbandry, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, to evaluate the effects of different dietary levels of yacon powder on broiler performance. Day-old broiler chicks were fed diets containing 0% (A), 0.5% (B), 1% (C), and 2% (D) yacon powder. Growth performance, feed intake, carcass traits, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and nutrient digestibility were assessed. Results showed that live body weight and carcass weight were highest in group D (2% yacon), while the lowest body weight was observed in group B (0.5%). Feed intake was maximum in group C (1%) and minimum in group D. Dressing percentage was highest in group D and lowest in the control group. FCR increased with higher yacon inclusion, with the highest value recorded in group D and the lowest in the control. Nutrient digestibility parameters, including dry matter, protein, fat, fiber, and moisture content, were improved in birds fed 2% yacon powder compared to the control. It was concluded that dietary supplementation of yacon powder, particularly at 2%, can enhance growth performance, carcass characteristics, and nutrient digestibility of broilers without adverse effects. Further studies are recommended to explore its effects at advanced and commercial production levels.

В статье рассмотрено текущее состояние внутренних затрат на НИОКР в Республике Казахстан и проанализирована их динамика по трем ключевым направлениям - региональному, функциональному и отраслевому. Цель исследования заключается в выявлении структурных изменений в системе научных расходов и уточнении факторов, влияющих на распределение средств в научно-технологическом секторе. Для достижения данной цели использованы методы сравнительного и структурного анализа, обеспечивающие возможность выявления устойчивых тенденций и интерпретации данных в контексте трансформации национальной системы НИОКР. В работе использованы официальные статистические данные, прошедшие систематизацию и аналитическую обработку. Показано, что внутренние затраты на НИОКР увеличиваются, однако рост сопровождается выраженной неоднородностью между регионами страны. Выявлено усиление концентрации научных ресурсов в крупных городах и отдельных промышленных центрах, что формирует разноскоростные траектории развития. Проанализировано распределение затрат по видам работ; установлено, что наибольший прирост наблюдается в фундаментальных и прикладных исследованиях, тогда как отдельные направления опытно-конструкторских разработок развиваются более медленно. Определено отраслевое смещение в сторону естественных, инженерных и социально-гуманитарных наук, что отражает расширение тематического охвата научной деятельности. Полученные результаты демонстрируют значимость структурной оценки внутренних затрат как инструмента выявления дисбалансов и перспективных направлений развития научной политики. Установленные особенности могут быть использованы для уточнения приоритетов государственной поддержки НИОКР, разработки региональных программ и формирования более сбалансированной архитектуры научного сектора. The article examines the current state of internal R&D costs in the Republic of Kazakhstan and analyzes their dynamics in three key areas - regional, functional and sectoral. The purpose of the study is to identify structural changes in the scientific expenditure system and clarify the factors influencing the allocation of funds in the scientific and technological sector. To achieve this goal, comparative and structural analysis methods were used to enable the identification of sustainable trends and interpretation of data in the context of the transformation of the national R&D system. The work uses official statistical data that has been systematized and analytically processed. It is shown that internal R&D costs are increasing, but the growth is accompanied by pronounced heterogeneity between the regions of the country. The increased concentration of scientific resources in large cities and individual industrial centers has been revealed, which forms multi-speed development trajectories. The distribution of costs by type of work is analyzed; it is established that the greatest increase is observed in fundamental and applied research, while individual areas of development are developing more slowly. The sectoral shift towards natural sciences, engineering, and social sciences and humanities is determined, reflecting the expansion of the thematic scope of scientific activity. The results obtained demonstrate the importance of structural assessment of internal costs as a tool for identifying imbalances and promising areas of scientific policy development. The identified features can be used to clarify the priorities of state support for R&D, develop regional programs and form a more balanced architecture of the scientific sector.

Extracting specific information, such as medication mentions, from large unstructured medical texts can be challenging, especially when no annotated corpus exists in the target language for training. To overcome this, leveraging existing machine learning models and datasets is essential, and since most pre-trained resources are in English, adopting multilingual approaches can help transferring between languages. In this work, we investigate the usage of a multi-lingual transformer model in a multi-lingual and cross-lingual setting to extract drug names from medical texts using named entity recognition in four European languages: German, English, French, and Spanish. We report the scores obtained by cross-lingual transfer with several published datasets after fine-tuning a multi-lingual model, aiming to create empirical evidence on how the transfer of “medical” knowledge between languages can be expected to benefit various language pairs. We further perform a qualitative error analysis and find that the performance on all languages achieves competitive levels. Conversely, erroneous prediction artifacts are introduced by annotation inconsistencies, differences in annotation guidelines and vague entity labels in general.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12911-025-03179-1.

Patient portals have the potential to increase patients' engagement in self-care and improve health outcomes. However, limited research exists on patient portal usage among Korean Americans, especially those with chronic conditions. This study aimed to assess patient portal usage among Korean Americans and compare utilization between those with and without chronic health conditions. We developed a survey by adapting relevant items from the Health Information National Trend Survey, followed by standardized translation into Korean and validation. A survey was then conducted with 522 Korean Americans 40 years or older residing in the United States. Among them, 50.8% had chronic conditions, yet only 40.3% used their patient portals in the past year. No difference in patient portal usage was found between those with and without chronic diseases. Those who were younger and with higher education, higher income, and advanced English proficiency were more likely to use patient portals, compared with their counterparts. Awareness of core patient portal features was low. Healthcare providers' encouragement to use it (adjusted odds ratio, 12.97; 95% confidence interval, 6.85-24.55) was the strongest predictor of patient portal use. These findings emphasize the need for culturally competent interventions aimed at improving self-care by enhancing patient portal utilization among Korean Americans with chronic conditions.

We present an overview of wildlife-vehicle collision (WVC) liability covering 36 European countries. We reviewed approaches to WVC liability which are currently in effect across Europe and their potential consequences for WVC reporting. To obtain relevant information, we conducted a survey, including a web-based questionnaire. We retrieved answers to questions related to human fatalities from WVC, the existence of WVC databases, roadkill data systems and recommendation for drivers in the event of WVC. In 19 countries, no one is liable when a motorized vehicle collides with a wild animal. In the remaining countries, road managers or road owners may be liable as well as drivers or hunters, either consistently or under certain conditions. Liability can, in some countries, be changed after a legal assessment. Human fatalities due to WVCs have been reported in 27 countries, with approximately 90 deaths annually across European roads. The number of injured people and estimates of socio-economic losses were not possible to obtain at a European level as many countries lack reliable databases. We discuss how existing WVC liability across countries provoke some actors to transfer liability to another actor or avoid reporting these incidents altogether. WVC underreporting in certain national databases is one of the consequences of the existing WVC liability rules in the given countries. This fact reduces the potential to identify hotspots and define appropriate mitigation measures. In conclusion, we propose several procedures for modifying WVC liability that could enhance wildlife protection and road safety.