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To describe the visual field of three common model species in vision science to understand the organization of their visual perceptual experience and contribute to continued studies of visual processing. Visual fields were measured using an ophthalmoscopic reflex technique in four common ferrets, four albino rats, and six northern tree shrews. Animals were anesthetized to avoid stress and the midpoint between their eyes was centered inside a spherical space. A rotating perimetric arm was manipulated in 10° increments around the head. At each increment, direct ophthalmoscopy was used to visualize limits of the retinal reflex for each eye, the overlap being the binocular visual field. Mean binocularity in the horizontal plane was 63.7 ± 5.1°, 79.1 ± 7.4°, and 53.6 ± 12.0° in the ferret, rat, and shrew, respectively. Maximum mean binocularity was 69.0 ± 1.6° in the ferret, 90.0 ± 3.1° in the rat, and 53.6 ± 12.2° in the shrew, located at 10° above, 40° above, and at the horizontal plane, respectively. Binocularity extended to 160°, 200°, and 180° in the sagittal plane in the ferret, rat, and shrew, respectively, from at least below the nose to above the head in all animals. Establishing the extent of the visual field accessible to the retina provides insight into the egocentric perceptual experience of animals. In describing the visual field, we provide a reference for the representation of the visual space in different cortical and retinal regions, many of which represent specific subregions of the visual field.

Caste based discrimination in India continues to deny dignity, equality and access to basic rights for Scheduled Castes especially in rural areas. This study investigates the underlying beliefs, economic dependencies and social conditioning that sustains these practices. Intervention included informal door-to-door surveys, focus groups, awareness campaigns and collective reflection. The study concludes that legal enforcement alone is insufficient, sustainable change requires inclusive, community led strategies that foster ownership, empathy and co-creation.

Ушбу мақолада хорижий инвестицияларнинг Ўзбекистон иқтисодиётига кўрсатаётган таъсири таҳлил этилган. Инвестиция фаоллигининг ҳажмий ўсиши, унинг асосий капитал шаклланишидаги улуши, ҳудудий ва тармоқлараро тақсимоти чуқур ўрганилган. Тадқиқот натижалари асосида хорижий сармоялар самарадорлигини оширишга қаратилган институционал ва стратегик таклифлар ишлаб чиқилган.

This paper describes the construction methods and applications of cast-in-place concrete piles invented in Europe and the United States during the dawn and early Showa Period when they were introduced to Japan. Compressol piles were first introduced to Japan. Simplex piles, Raymond piles, Pedestal piles, and Franki piles were subsequently introduced. Pedestal piles were improved in the U.S., and further improvements were made in Japan. The Tanaka-style concrete pile was also invented and has been applied to many buildings. These piles are still supporting many historical buildings more than 100 years.

Resumo-Este trabalho tem como objetivo a detecção precoce das doenças de Alzheimer e Parkinson através de parâmetros não-lineares multibanda de sinais EEG.Para cada par de grupos de estudo, uma seleção dos parâmetros é realizada através de algoritmo genético.Os parâmetros selecionados são utilizados como entrada para classificadores com validação cruzada leaveone-out.Acurácias de classificação de 100% são obtidas,

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan waktupemadatan kekuatan tekan beton pada silinderspesimen dalam upaya untuk mendapatkan pemadatan optimal dalam betonyang digetarkan oleh vibrator internal dengan 7 kali perawatan getar yaitu, 0detik, 5 detik, 10 detik, 15 detik, 20 detik, 25detik, 30 detik, untuk desain campuran beton f'c 30 MPa dan 55 ± 20mm merosot.Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Pengujian BahanPT. Adhimix Precast Indonesia di Jakarta pada April-Mei 2012 dengan sebuahmetode eksperimen sesuai dengan Nasional IndonesiaStandar (SNI) dan American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM). Penelitian ini menggunakan desain beton dengan f'c 30 MPa dan 55± 20 mm kemerosotan, dengan sampel 70 buah spesimen silindris.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh waktu yang signifikanperbedaan pemadatan dari kekuatan tekan beton, danmenghasilkan persamaan Y = -0.0249x² + 1.0587x + 25.717 dan R² =0,9732 (97%). Rata-rata kekuatan tekan tertinggi pada saat itupemadatan ada 20 detik, 37,16 MPa, sedangkan nilai terendahditemukan pada saat 0 detik, 25,03 MPa. Waktu optimal untukpemadatan beton f'c 30 MPa dengan kemiringan 50 mm diperlukan 20detik.

The aim of this study was to assess the effect on soil quality of a governmental program whose objective is restoring the fertility of degraded acidic volcanic ash soils. The program consisted of (i) liming, (ii) correction of the P status, and (iii) sowing forage plants. We measured soil fertility of fields after 1 to 4 years since start of the program, and compared these fields against fields under old permanent natural grasslands, used to estimate the baseline soil test values for the properties considered in this study. The survey was conducted in five localities (Lonquimay, Curacautn, Vilcn, Cunco and Villarrica) in the temperate southern part of Chile (Araucania region). The impacts of the program on acidity (pH and exchangeable aluminum) were different among localities. At Cunco, exchangeable aluminum was not affected, while pH increased initially but decreased to its initial value within four years. Instead, at Lonquimay exchangeable aluminum decreased significantly, and pH remained slightly higher than the control values through the first four years. At Lonquimay P-Olsen was initially increased, showing a positive short-term effect of the program, but gradually decreased after the first year, until it returned to the initial level. At Vilcn, an increase with time was observed during the whole period. In Curacautn, Villarrica and Cunco, the P-Olsen content increased during the first years of the experiment but began to decline at the end of the period. This study provided important results for the improvement of the program.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan jumlah biaya (RAB) dan durasi waktu dari dinding bata yang menggunakan dinding bata perempatmetode (Jumbo Brick) dan dinding bata setengah (Biasa Brick) di sederhana rumah (Tipe 38). Metode penelitian adalah metode survei dengan pemantauandari Februari 2007 hingga April 2007.Mengumpulkan file dengan populasi seperempat dinding bata dan setengah bata di Tamansari Puri Bali Housing, Jl. Raya Sawangan Ciputat km. 1Depok. 20 sampel untuk dinding bata perempat (Grup A) dan 10 sampel untuk dinding bata setengah (Grup B).Perbandingan satu meter persegi (1m2) biaya dinding bata perempat adalah Rp. 24.150,00 dan Rp. 35.300,00 untuk dinding setengah batako denganperbandingan 1: 4,6. Rata-rata waktu untuk Grup A (seperempat bata) adalah 210,36 menit dan169,52 menit untuk grup B (setengah batu bata) di setiap karya volume 19,7 m2. Perbedaan waktu rata-rata adalah 40,84 menit. Selagiperbedaan untuk 1 m2 dinding bata adalah 10.678: 8.605 menit atau 1,24: 1, itu berarti bahwa metode dinding bata perempat lebih lambat dari setengah batu bata metode.Untuk analisis regresi menggunakan 99 persen benar signifikan (α = 0,01). Uji normalitas dengan uji Liliefors, uji Homogenitas dan Uji t. ItuResuls t-Test adalah 0,77 dengan kriteria tes - t 1 - α / 2 <t <t 1 - α / 2, jadi -1,70 <0,77 <1,70, Ho hipotesis tersedia karena t perhitungandi area penerimaan. Artinya, ada perbedaan waktu di keduanya kelompok.

TAU AND α-SYNUCLEIN OLIGOMERS FOLLOW Aβ