American Library Association

<ns3:p>Background Oral health is fundamental to general health and well-being, yet it remains a neglected priority in health systems, particularly within the World Health Organization (WHO) Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). Oral diseases affect an estimated 330 million people (46.5%) across the region, driven by unaddressed risk factors, inequalities, and weak integration into the Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) and Universal Health Coverage (UHC) agendas. Despite this high burden, oral health initiatives to address this burden and prioritize the oral research agenda remain limited. This scoping review represents the first comprehensive effort to systematically map and identify the status of Oral Health Research (OHR), including scope, output, and collaboration within the WHO EMR (hereafter, EMR) between 2014 and 2024. Methods A comprehensive search strategy was developed in Ovid MEDLINE and translated into Embase, Cochrane Library, and Epistemonikos, and will be applied to global and regional databases. Searching covers January 2014 to December 2024 without language restrictions. Eligible studies will include primary and secondary research covering clinical, public health, and health systems research. Excluded will be in vitro, in vivo, case reports, protocols, editorials, and commentaries. Screening and data extraction will be managed using DistillerSR software. Extracted data will be analyzed in RStudio, using descriptive statistics, collaboration mapping, and interactive visualization. Discussion This scoping review will provide the first comprehensive mapping of OHR across the EMR. The review will highlight oral health research strengths and gaps at regional and country-specific levels by examining research topics, study designs, funding sources, and collaboration patterns. These findings will guide policymakers, researchers, and academic schools and institutions to prioritize the OHR agenda and inform the development and enactment of oral health policies. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference abstracts, and regional interest-holders engagement. Registration The protocol is registered with the Open Science Framework (OSF): https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/MXWKC.</ns3:p>

The American Library Association Archives at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign is the official repository of the American Library Association, the world’s oldest and largest library association. Established in 1973, the American Library Association Archives holds over a terabyte of digital content and nearly 4000 cubic feet of official records, personal papers, and publications created by or relating to the association, its members, and the history of librarianship. On the strength of its collection and affiliation with the University Archives, the American Library Association Archives serves as a major research center on the history of the association and American librarianship. This article reflects on the history of the American Library Association Archives, the investment made by the American Library Association to preserve its heritage, and the growth of the program. It also discusses the current state of the collection and what has made the program successful.

I'd like to thank everyone who's been in my life. But since I can't, I'll single out a few who were particularly helpful to me in the writing of this book, from jogging memories to reading the manuscript.

Rationale: Not all individuals with tobacco dependence are ready to give up smoking. Research reveals behavioral differences between adults ready to discontinue tobacco use and those who are not. Thus, the interventions applied to these populations might differ. However, the evidence of using varenicline in individuals who are not ready to discontinue tobacco use is uncertain. Objectives: To determine if, in tobacco-dependent adults who report not being ready to discontinue tobacco use, clinicians should begin treatment with varenicline or wait until subjects are ready to discontinue tobacco use. Methods: We conducted a systematic review to assess the effectiveness and safety of treatment with varenicline in tobacco-dependent adults who are not ready to discontinue tobacco use. We systematically searched the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to identify randomized controlled trials comparing varenicline versus placebo for individuals who were not ready to discontinue tobacco use. Outcomes of interest include point prevalence abstinence during treatment or at six months or longer, smoking reduction, motivation to quit, adverse events, and withdrawal symptoms. Two authors independently extracted data and assessed eligibility and risk of bias using a standardized data collection form. We followed the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations approach to assess the certainty of evidence. Results: Five trials met our inclusion criteria. All 2,616 participants were adults who were not ready to discontinue tobacco use at study entry. For 7-day point prevalence abstinence at six months or longer, high-certainty evidence suggested that varenicline increased abstinence compared with placebo (relative risk, 2.00 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.70-2.35]; absolute risk reduction, 173 more per 1,000 [95% CI, 121 more to 234 more]). We identified moderate-certainty evidence suggesting that varenicline increased serious adverse events (relative risk, 1.75 [95% CI, 0.98-3.13]; absolute risk reduction, 12 more per 1,000 [95% CI, 0 fewer to 35 more]). For withdrawal, low-certainty evidence suggested that varenicline treatment was associated with a lower symptom score (mean difference, 1.54 points lower; 95% CI, 2.15-0.93 points lower; low certainty) assessed using the Brief Questionnaire of Smoking Urges. Conclusions: In tobacco-dependent adults who are not ready to discontinue tobacco use, initiating varenicline treatment results in a large increase in abstinence and likely results in a slight increase in serious adverse events.

L'American Library Association (ALA) a vu le jour le 6 octobre 1876, au terme d’une reunion de trois jours, organisee dans le cadre du congres des bibliothecaires (Conference of Librarians), l’annee de l'Exposition du Centenaire a Philadelphie. Si elle est aujourd’hui reconnue comme la doyenne et la plus importante des associations nationales de bibliothecaires, l’ALA a connu des debuts modestes. Apres 1917, sa mission sera de promouvoir les services de bibliotheque et d’information ainsi que...

La bibliothèque Ella Reid, établissement réservé aux Africain.e.s-Américain.e.s pendant la ségrégation, a été ouverte au public entre les années 1940 et 1960 dans la ville de Tyler, au Texas. Ses archives sont aujourd’hui hébergées par une bibliothèque de recherche à Philadelphie en Pennsylvanie, tandis que la bibliothèque municipale de Tyler n’a conservé qu’une copie des originaux. Les archives et leurs copies peuvent sembler identiques, mais, comme cet article l’affirme, la différence de contexte matériel et institutionnel rend possible une lecture de ces sources dans des perspectives multiples. L’auteure revient sur sa propre expérience en tant que spécialiste de l’histoire des bibliothèques, utilisant les archives de la bibliothèque Ella Reid à Philadelphie et à Tyler, afin d’explorer l’impact des pratiques archivistiques et des décisions institutionnelles sur l’histoire et la mémoire.

For many years, the academic and research library workforce has worked to accelerate the transition to more open, inclusive, and equitable systems of scholarship. Enacting change in the scholarly communications environment is complicated by a broad range of issues that need to be addressed: the challenges of the global digital divide and information inequality, decolonization, democratization, the politics of technology, privilege (or lack thereof), the public or common good, unbiased policymaking, etc.