Andijan State University

A multi-objective optimization framework is developed for designing a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) for Hormuz Island, integrating photovoltaic, wind, lithium-ion battery, proton-exchange-membrane electrolyzer-tank-fuel-cell, and a standby diesel generator. Real meteorological and demand data are employed to minimize the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) and Net Present Cost (NPC) while maximizing the Renewable Energy Fraction (REF) and system resilience. The optimization integrates multiple conflicting techno-economic and environmental objectives through a TOPSIS-guided multi-criteria framework, where a scalar closeness coefficient is used as the fitness function within the search process, without explicit Pareto-front construction. Results indicate that, compared with the diesel baseline, the optimized configuration achieves an LCOE of 0.139 USD kWh −1 , a 38.6 % reduction in NPC, a REF of 87 %, and nearly 89 % GHG mitigation. The discount rate exhibits the highest sensitivity, inducing ± 14.8 % variability in NPC and ± 9.2 % in LCOE, followed by battery CAPEX (±9.5 % NPC) and PV CAPEX (±7.1 %). Resilience evaluation under 10 % PV and 20 % hydrogen-storage perturbations confine the Loss-of-Load Probability to ≤ 2 %, confirming robust operation under adverse climatic fluctuations. Life-cycle assessment demonstrates approximately 20 % reduction in CO 2 -equivalent emissions, while techno-economic analysis indicates about 15 % reduction in total energy cost relative to conventional diesel supply. The proposed configuration provides a replicable blueprint for off-grid, climate-vulnerable islands seeking reliable and low-carbon electrification pathways.

This article discusses the chemical composition, pharmacological properties, and scientific basis for the use of the plant Cynodon dactylon L. in folk medicine. Studies show that Cynodon dactylon L. is rich in biologically active substances and can be used as a natural remedy for the treatment of various diseases.

Ushbu maqolada Juglans regia barglarining kimyoviy tarkibi va biologik xususiyatlari ilmiy manbalar asosida atroflicha o‘rganilgan. Tahlillar natijasida yong‘oq bargi tarkibida ko‘plab biologik faol birikmalar mavjudligi aniqlangan. Xususan, flavonoidlar va boshqa fenol birikmalar kuchli antioksidant xususiyatga ega bo‘lib, organizmni erkin radikallardan himoya qilishda muhim rol o‘ynaydi.

This article examines the connection schemes of radiators widely used in building heating systems and their influence on thermal efficiency. The side, diagonal, and bottom connection schemes of radiators are analyzed, and their heat transfer efficiency as well as their impact on heat distribution within buildings are compared. The results of the study show that the radiator connection method has a significant effect on heat distribution. It was determined that the diagonal connection scheme is one of the most efficient methods in terms of heat transfer performance. The findings also indicate that selecting an appropriate radiator connection scheme is important in the design of building heating systems.

Mazkur maqolada XV asr mumtoz o‘zbek adabiyotiga mansub turkiy (Durbekka nisbat beriluvchi) “Yusuf va Zulayho” dostonida uchraydigan toponimlar tizimli ravishda o‘rganildi. Jumladan, unda toponimlarning poetik funksiyasi, tarixiy-geografik manbalari va badiiy matn tuzilishidagi ahamiyati tahlil qilindi. Doston matnida uchraydigan real va mifologik geografik nomlarning syujet rivoji, obrazlar xarakteri va muallif dunyoqarashini ifodalashdagi ahamiyati ochib beriladi. Tadqiqot natijalari mumtoz adabiyotda toponimlar poetikasi masalasiga yangi ilmiy xulosalar beradi

Binder-free (BF) homogeneous Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets showing an average crystallite size of 34.59 nm, are deposited on nickel foam (NiF) by chemical vapor deposition process. The MoS2/NiF electrode exhibited a surface area of 109 m2/g, specific capacitance of 2726 F/g at 5 mV/s, charge transfer resistance of 2.36 Ω, and diffusion resistance of 1.16 for 10,000 cycles. The electrode is presented cyclic stability and Coulombic efficiency of 83% and 95% after 10,000 cycles. The capacitive contributions are remained lower than diffusion across scan rates 5-140 mV/s. The assembled device delivers capacitance of 191 F/g at 1.5 A/g, with maximum energy density of 68Wh/kg at minimum power density of 1200 W/kg. The theoretical model simulations is confirmed that the synthesized electrode showed excellent electrochemical performance due to combined current contributions of capacitive and diffusion controlled processes. Therefore, the MoS2/NiF electrodes are suitable for hybrid supercapacitive performance.

Ferula is a genus of flowering plants known for its edible and medicinal properties. The gum of the Ferula kokanica was selected for this study based on its traditional uses. From the gum of F. kokanica, an undescribed sesquiterpene coumarin was isolated, named kokanin A, along with 22 known compounds. Structure elucidation of the isolated compounds was carried out by one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry data analysis. Using NOE correlation, the relative configurations of the isolated compounds were established. The absolute configurations of isolates were established by electronic circular dichroism calculation. Cytotoxicity and anti-vitiligo activity of the isolated compounds were tested. Gummosin demonstrated strong cytotoxicity against the HT-29 cell line with IC50 values of 6.96 ± 0.38 µM. Colladonin, farnesiferol A, and feshurin provided greater relative melanin content than that of the positive control at 50 µM. The elemental composition of the gum of F. kokanica using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method allowed the determination of trace levels of As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, Na, Mg, K, and Ca. The toxic elements were determined in the sample, and their content was found to be lower than the maximum acceptable concentration established by the World Health Organization. This study showed that some isolated compounds demonstrated significant anti-vitiligo activity and showed promise for future drug discovery. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the chemical composition and the bioactivities of the gum of F. kokanica.