Armand Frappier Museum

Macbrideola gallicola is described as a new species to science after studying specimens collected in France and Montenegro, fructifying on galls of Rosaceae. The new species can be distinguished by the loose and flexuous capillitium, the conspicuously, spiny spores, and by its habitat. Macro- and micrographs of the morphological characters are provided.

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Институт информатики и проблем регионального управленияфилиал Кабардино-Балкарского научного центра Российской академии наук 360000, Россия, г. Нальчик, ул. И. Арманд, 37-а Аннотация. Сегодня, когда нас окружают устройства с элементами искусственного интеллекта, очевидно, что удобнее всего ими пользоваться посредством естественно-языковой коммуникации. Для достижения такого уровня общения интеллектуальные системы должны уметь понимать язык на семантическом уровне. Формальное представление семантики на протяжении десятилетий было препятствием на пути развития систем понимания речи. В этой статье мы представляем краткий обзор теорий воплощенного познания, которые, как мы полагаем, дают достоверное объяснение того, каким образом семантическое значение находит свое отображение в нашем мозге, а мультиагентные системы могут стать надежным инструментом для моделирования этих процессов.

Abstract DNA fragmentation factor 40 (DFF40), or the caspase-activated DNase (CAD), is an endonuclease specific for double-stranded DNA. Alterations in its function and expression have been linked to apoptosis resistance, a mechanism likely used by cancer cells. Although, how the DFF40-related apoptosis resistance pathway occurs remains unclear. Here we sought to determine if DFF40 could localize to the mitochondrion, a localization not reported in the literature until now, and further regulate cell metabolism when apoptosis is activated. We demonstrated that DFF40 localizes in mitochondria through its N-terminal domain, and its agglomeration is accentuated in apoptosis-activated cells. We also found that a loss of DFF40 expression induces a higher mitochondrial mass, mtDNA copy number, mitochondrial membrane potential, and glycolysis rates in resting T cells. The induction of apoptosis in DFF40 deficient cells doesn’t alter ATP production levels, basal respiration, and mitochondrial membrane integrity. Our study reveals that DFF40 may act as a regulator of mitochondria, and its loss could compromise mitochondrial integrity in pathologies such as cancer.

ИМИТАЦИОННАЯ МОДЕЛЬ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ СХВАТОМ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОГО МАНИПУЛЯТОРА НА ОСНОВЕ ОБУЧЕНИЯ МУЛЬТИАГЕНТНЫХ НЕЙРОКОГНИТИВНЫХ АРХИТЕКТУР  З

ABSTRACTSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a devastating autosomal recessive neuromuscular disease resulting in muscle atrophy and neurodegeneration, and is the leading genetic cause of infant death. SMA arises when there are homozygous deletion mutations in the human SMN1 gene, leading to a decrease in corresponding SMN1 protein. Although SMN1 is expressed across multiple tissue types, much of the previous research into SMA focused on the neuronal aspect of the disease, overlooking many of the potential non-neuronal aspects of the disease. Therefore, we sought to address this gap in knowledge by modeling SMA in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We mutated a previously uncharacterized allele, which resulted in the onset of mild SMA-like phenotypes, allowing us to monitor the onset of phenotypes at different stages. We observed that these mutant animals recapitulated many key features of the human disease, and most importantly, we observed that muscle dysfunction preceded neurodegeneration. Furthermore, we tested the therapeutic efficacy of targeting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in non-neuronal cells and found it to be more effective than targeting ER stress in neuronal cells. We also found that the most potent therapeutic potential came from a combination of ER- and neuromuscular junction-targeted drugs. Together, our results suggest an important non-neuronal component of SMA pathology and highlight new considerations for therapeutic intervention.