Assemblée Nationale de France

To combat the COVID-19 pandemic, many European countries have developed a public health strategy involving the use of digital contact tracing (DCT) applications to improve timely tracking and contact tracing of COVID-19 cases. France’s independent COVID-19 Control and Society Connection Council (CCL) was established by law in May 2020 to issue advice and recommendations on the national epidemic digital systems. In this paper, we present the recommendations by the CCL, with the objective to increase the uptake and utility of French DCT applications. As the country's most vulnerable population has been subjected to greater virus exposure, a stronger impact of the lockdown, and less access to preventive and health care services, the CCL is particularly aware of health inequalities. The French DCT app TousAntiCovid had been downloaded by 13.6 million users (ie, 20% of the French population) in March 2021. To promote the use of DCT apps, the CCL has recommended that communication about the app’s individual and collective objectives be increased. The CCL has also recommended the introduction of clear, simple, accessible, incentivizing, noncoercive information within the digital tools. In addition, the CCL has recommended improving public health policies to address the needs of the underprivileged. The CCL calls for promoting population empowerment with the use of digital tools, improving public health culture for decision-makers dealing with health determinants, taking social considerations into account, and incorporating community participation.

The novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease is a contagious acute respiratory infectious disease whose causative agent has been demonstrated to be a new virus of the coronavirus family, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Multiple studies have already reported that risk factors for severe disease include older age and the presence of at least one of several underlying health conditions However, a recent physiopathologic report and the French COVID-19 scientific council have postulated a protective effect of tobacco smoking Thanks to a meta-analysis, we have been able to demonstrate the statistical significance in this regard of 12 series from China, France, and the United States, reporting 3 different smoking statuses (current smoker, former smoker with a smoking history) and disease severity [with odds ratio of 1 78 (1 08-3 10), 4 60 (3 13-7 17), 2 74 (0 63-5 89), respectively] Subsequently, and using a Bayesian approach, we have established that past and present smoking is associated with more severe COVID-19 outcomes Finally, we refute claims linking general population smoking status [N=O(108) or O(109)] to much smaller disease course series [N=O(104)] The latter point, in particular, is presented to stimulate academic discussion, and must be further investigated by well-designed studies

The novel COVID-19 disease is a contagious acute respiratory infectious disease whose causative agent has been demonstrated to be a new virus of the coronavirus family, SARS-CoV-2. Multiple studies have already reported that risk factors for severe disease include older age and the presence of at least one of several underlying health conditions. However, a recent physiopathological report and the French COVID-19 scientifific council have postulated a protective effect of tobacco smoking. We have been able to demonstrate the statistical signifificance in this regard of recent series from both China and in the US, reporting smoking status as well as disease severity (p-values of 2.27 × 10 3 and 11.7 × 10 15, respectively). Subsequently and using a Bayesian approach we have established that disease severity is positively associated with smoking status. Finally, we refute claims linking general population smoking status (N in O(108) or O(109)) to much smaller disease course series (N in O(103)). The latter point in particular is presented to stimulate academic discussion, and must be further investigated by well-designed studies.

The novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) is a contagious acute respiratory infectious disease whose causative agent has been demonstrated to be a novel virus of the coronavirus family, SARSCoV-2. A recent pre-print study has showed a heme attack on the 1-beta chain of hemoglobin by COVID19. Beta-thalassemia results of a default in the hemoglobin beta- chain synthesis. 1,5% global population are heterozygotes for this disease. In this study, by a multiple linear regression, we have analyzed the evolution of COVID-19 infection in three Italian regions (Puglia, Sardinia, Sicilia) with different beta-thalassemic prevalences, in order to search a link. The results have showed that betathalassemic heterozygote population prevalence is correlated to immunity against COVID-19, by a regression. This paper is only for academic discussion, the hypotheses and conclusions needs to be confirmed by further research .

L’article analyse le rôle de la France au procès de Nuremberg en 1945/46 sous plusieurs angles : d’abord, il montre dans quelle mesure le gouvernement français suivit au printemps 1945 les préparatifs du procès et quelles positions il adopta lors des négociations avec les autres puissances alliées. Il examine ensuite la composition de la délégation française auprès du Tribunal militaire international (TMI) de Nuremberg ainsi que les interventions des juristes français pendant les audiences du tribunal. En fin de compte, l’article s’interroge sur la perception du procès de Nuremberg en France et met en évidence que celui-ci fut largement considéré comme un échec politique et juridique par la population française.

Commémorer la Grande Guerre, c’est aussi réfléchir sur le devoir de Mémoire et considérer d’une autre manière les sacrifices consentis. D’autant plus qu’il semble que, cent ans après, les leçons de l’Histoire s’effacent dramatiquement devant une violence croissante et un déni du combat de nos Anciens pour la dignité et la liberté.

Les rapports entre le gouvernement et les commissions permanentes des assemblées ont évolué. Hier la Constitution maintenait le législatif dans un rôle de simple chambre d’enregistrement des volontés de l’exécutif, aujourd’hui ce dernier est contraint à la négociation. Mais, si un tournant semble être pris pour le travail en commission, le gouvernement reste en position de force en séance publique.

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Comme on le sait, les institutions de la V e Republique ont ete reformees en juillet 2008 a la suite d'une revision de la Constitution. Cette reforme devait renforcer le role du Parlement. Jean-Francois Cope (« Vers le regime presidentiel. Pour un Parlement renove », Commentaire, n° 129, p. 51-61) et Jean-Jacques Urvoas (« Une occasion gâchee, la revision constitutionnelle », Commentaire, n° 130, p. 443-450) ont chacun dresse un bilan de cette reforme. Bemard Accoyer, qui preside l'Assemblee nationale, nous fait le grand honneur de participer a cette discussion. Il se rejouit des progres qui ont ete accomplis dans le fonctionnement de nos institutions notamment grâce au role accru des assemblees parlementaires. Dans l'article qui suit, Pierre Avril propose une vue plus pessimiste des institutions de la V e Republique et de l'equilibre des pouvoirs. Nous approchons d'une nouvelle election presidentielle. Considerons que le debat constitutionnel francais n'est pas acheve.