Atlas Copco (Germany)

The Large Hadron Collider has delivered exceptionally large proton-proton collision datasets at centre-of-mass energies of up to 13.6 TeV. These datasets, collected by the ATLAS and CMS detectors, enable precision tests of theoretical predictions using extensive samples of top-quark events. A key example is the study of top-quark pair spin correlations, which can be accessed through the angular distributions of the top-quark decay products owing to the unique property that the top quark decays before it can hadronise. This wealth of data has also enabled new measurements of top-quark pair properties, particularly those with enhanced sensitivity in the threshold region, such as quantum entanglement, that were previously out of reach. In this contribution, the latest highlights in this area from the ATLAS and CMS experiments, are presented.

At the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland, one of the goals of colliding protons together is to search for new physics. Supersymmetry (SUSY), a popular theory of physics beyond the well-established standard model of particle physics, is a large part of the search program of the ATLAS and CMS multi-purpose detectors located on opposite sides of the 27-kilometer LHC ring. So far no sign of supersymmetry has been found in the most obvious search channels such as all-hadronic searches with jets and missing energy. This led to the development of many new search strategies. A selection of current results, including several observations of deviations from the standard model and novel search techniques, as well as future prospects are discussed in this talk.

This document presents recent results from the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) on supersymmetry (SUSY) searches. These searches provide results with some non-conventional SUSY search assumptions such as with compressed mass scenario or with long-lived particle scenario. Some of the recent results covers the unexplored SUSY phase space from prior results, brings a new insight to the SUSY landscape. Sensitivity on SUSY upper limits are enhanced with newly added LHC data, enhanced trigger algorithm or advanced event selection with machine learning (ML).

An overview of searches for leptoquarks in proton-proton collisions at ATLAS and CMS are presented, with a focus on results from the Run-2 dataset collected between 2016 and 2018 at $\sqrt{s}=13\,\mathrm{TeV}$, and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $137{-}140\,\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$. In particular, recent results are highlighted.

Fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are bioactive lipids with significant structural diversity and potential health benefits, playing crucial roles in metabolic regulation, inflammation, and insulin sensitivity. However, the low abundance of FAHFAs in biological samples (0.1% to 0.001% of free fatty acids) and the wide range of molecular polarities (ClogP values from 0.26 to 18.24) across short-chain to long-chain FAHFAs pose substantial challenges for high-throughput screening. Here, we developed a novel high-throughput prescreening strategy, termed DAEMS (derivatization-assisted acoustic ejection mass spectrometry), which integrates chemical derivatization with acoustic ejection mass spectrometry (AEMS). By leveraging the ultrafast analysis speed of AEMS (1-3 samples per second) and the sensitivity enhancement of N,N-dimethylethylenediamine (DMED) derivatization, DAEMS enables the screening of over 2800 potential FAHFA species in less than 2 h─significantly faster than the conventional LC-MRM MS-based screening approaches. The DAEMS strategy achieved 83% coverage and 79% accuracy in preliminary screening compared to the LC-MRM MS. Furthermore, we also revealed novel oxidized FAHFA species in edible fungi for the first time, suggesting potential biosynthesis involving oxylipins or oxidative modifications. This study demonstrates DAEMS as a promising tool for rapid FAHFA prescreening, and the discovery of oxidized FAHFAs provides new insights into FAHFA diversity and metabolism.

Lepton flavour violation (LFV), and lepton flavour university violation (LFUV), are striking signatures of beyond the Standard Model (BSM) physics. Recent searches for these at the ATLAS and CMS experiments are presented, using proton-proton collisions with a centre of mass energy of 13 TeV. A range of models and signatures are considered, including leptoquarks, heavy neutral leptons, LFV in $\tau$ lepton decays, and new measurements of $R(K)$ and $R(J/\Psi)$.

Controlling the local concentration of metal complexes at the surface of ionic liquids (ILs) is a highly sought‐after objective due to its pivotal implications in supported ionic liquid phase (SILP) catalysis. Equally important is to avoid per‐ and polyfluorinated substances due to environmental concerns. Herein, we investigate the surface enrichment of Ru polypyridyl complexes with fluorine‐free alkylic side groups of varying lengths and shapes, using the hydrophilic IL [C2C1Im][OAc] as solvent. Additional charged carboxylate groups are included into the polypyridyl ligands to increase the solubility of the complex in the IL. When the ligand system is functionalized with long and hydrophobic alkyl side chains, the complex predominantly localizes at the IL/vacuum interface, as deduced from angle‐resolved X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Conversely, in the presence of short or more bulky substituents, no surface enrichment is observed. This buoy‐like behaviour with fluorine‐free side groups is explored for 0.05 %mol to 1 %mol solutions. Intriguingly, surface saturation occurs at approximately 0.5 %mol, which is beneficial to the efficient operation of catalytic systems featuring high surface areas, such as SILP catalysts.

The assembly of the ATLAS Inner Tracker requires the construction of 19,000 silicon strip sensor detector modules in eight different geometries. Modules will be assembled and tested at 31 institutes on four continents from sensors, readout chips, and flexes. In order to adhere to the module specifications defined for sufficient tracking performance, a rigorous programme of quality control (QC) was established to cover components at every stage of assembly. This contribution presents an overview of the QC programme for ITk strip tracker modules, issues encountered during the pre-production phase (5% of the production volume), and their solutions.

This report contains a brief summary of the latest single top quark production cross-section measurements performed by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations on pp collisions collected during Run 2 of the LHC. Various results for t-channel, s-channel and W associated single top production are discussed. Particular attention is given to the main techniques used by the analyses and the main systematic uncertainties limiting these precise measurements.

Objective: To examine whether new labour codes are enough for Ease of Doing Business? Or are there some Management Skills that are required? Conceptual Foundation: Sensitive handling of labour disputes is important for Ease of Doing Business in any nation seeking economic stability. India’s efforts to attract investments by improving Ease of Doing Business through labour reforms are significant. The Centre subsumed 29 Labour Laws into four Labour Codes, cut the number of sections from 1,548 to 480 and is framing rules and aligning these codes with State laws. While these changes are important, there is also a need to have skills of managing human resources and skilfully negotiating, while dealing with violent industrial disputes is critical. Methodology: This Research Paper is based on the author’s personal knowledge as he single-handedly handled the litigation and labour negotiations mentioned in the Research Paper. The case mentioned in the Research Paper was fought in the pre-internet days of the 1970s so not much information can be found online. Results: In this context, the Research Paper explores an exemplary dispute settlement in a south Maharashtra-based company, which demonstrates how mutual trust, human management and strong labour leadership reinforce ease of doing business along with restructuring legislation.