Australian Federation of University Women – South Australia

People from refugee backgrounds generally have long and stressful journeys that involve involuntarily fleeing their homes and often include dislocation from family and friends. Food is integral to settlement when arriving in a destination country, as it is entwined with self-identity, culture, and connectedness to family and community. The aim of this study was to understand the facilitators and barriers of accessing cultural foods during the settlement journey for families with a refugee background, from the perspectives of workers who support the settlement journey. The study used participatory action research methodology to conduct focus groups with settlement and other workers who regularly interacted with people from refugee backgrounds, spoke English, and preferably self-identified with a refugee background. Participants were recruited through community organisations in Brisbane, Australia, and focus groups were held at workplaces or online. Eight focus groups (n = 32) were conducted between June and October 2021. The main theme was that food security, culture, and mental health were interrelated. When cultural food access, culture, or mental health were maintained or adversely impacted, all three factors were likewise affected. The behaviours around purchasing cultural foods were motivated by the desire to express and validate culture, which in turn improved mental health. It was also found that individual and community support systems sustained access to cultural foods, while social, environmental, institutional, and political structures impacted this access, sometimes detrimentally. This study highlights the need for interventions that foster social capital for families with refugee backgrounds and consider food security, culture, and mental health collectively. In addition, there is a need for increased awareness of the settlement journey, and for cultural inclusivity to be integrated into government policies, by working with communities and providing opportunities for people to express their culture, improve access to cultural foods, and maintain mental health.

The ACM A.M. Turing Award is commonly acknowledged as the highest distinction in the realm of computer science. Since 1960s, it has been awarded to computer scientists who made outstanding contributions. The significance of this award is far-reaching to the laureates as well as their research teams. However, unlike the Nobel Prize that has been extensively investigated, little research has been done to explore this most important award. To this end, we propose the Turing Number (TN) index to measure how far a specific scholar is to this award. Inspired by previous works on Erdos Number and Bacon Number, this index is defined as the shortest path between a given scholar to any Turing Award Laureate. Experimental results suggest that TN can reflect the closeness of collaboration between scholars and Turing Award Laureates. With the correlation analysis between TN and metrics from the bibliometric-level and network-level, we demonstrate that TN has the potential of reflecting a scholar's academic influence and reputation.

This research paper assesses the impacts of mining on the operation of customary law in relation to land tenure and cultural heritage resources in Indigenous communities, specifically in southern Ghana with comparative reference to Western Australia. This research paper explores extant regulatory approaches for customary law recognition, land tenure administration, heritage and mining in Western Australia and how these could be adopted and adapted to circumstances in Ghana. The authors conducted interviews in the Newmont-Ghana and AngloGold Ashanti mining-impacted communities in Ghana and at the Northern Star mining-impacted community in Wiluna, Western Australia. Industry and government stakeholders in Ghana and Australia were also consulted. The key problems explored are: How is customary law and cultural heritage managed at an Indigenous/customary landholder level vis-a-vis central and sub-national government levels? How do mining companies interact with Indigenous/customary landholding groups and how do central and sub-national governments participate in or regulate these interactions? What are the attitudes of customary landholders in Ghana about the impact of mining development on their cultural heritage and how can the situation be improved? This research paper aims at generating reform ideas to improve governance and regulation of cultural heritage protection in Ghana.

To present the uterine measurements in women with no previous pregnancy and women with a single pregnancy beyond 20 weeks. From Nov 2012 to Jun 2014, 80 women with normal uterine morphology were scanned for their uterine inner and outer measurements during Gynecological examinations. The measurements between the nulligravid and the women with only 1 pregnancy that ended beyond 20 weeks (P1) women were analysed and compared using the SPSS statistical analysis package. The uterine measurements of 50 nulligravid and 14 women with only 1 pregnancy that ended beyond 20 weeks were compared. The width and the length of the endometrial cavity were 28.3 ± 5.0 mm and 39.5 ± 7.9 mm for the nulligravid women, and 34.7 ± 5.8 mm and 47.3 ± 6.2 mm for the P1 respectively (p = 0.009 and 0.03). The outer uterine measurements were also statistically significantly different. There is a statistical significant difference in the endometrial cavity measurements in women who have no pregnancy and those who have a single pregnancy beyond 20 weeks gestation.

To examine the usefulness of sonographic criteria in the assessment of the lateral extent and depth of myometrial involvement in morbidly adherent placenta. From hospital records and a perinatal database, women with morbidly adherent placenta confirmed at delivery and antenatal ultrasound assessment in 2004-2007 were identified. The sonographic appearance at the time of antenatal assessment was compared with the clinical and histological findings at delivery. Following statistical analysis, useful sonographic features in the assessment of myometrial invasion were identified. Nine cases, including one case of placenta percreta, eight cases of accreta or increta of which one minor partial, were reviewed. The criteria useful for the assessment of the lateral placental/myometrial involvement were obliteration of retroplacental clear space, increased subplacental vascularity, placental-tissue interface disruption and vessels crossing the interface disruption site with the last 2 signs applicable for helpful for assessment of the parametrium; and for the assessment of the depth, bladder serosa-uterine wall interface hypervascularity, vessels extending from placenta to bladder, placental-tissue interface disruption and vessels crossing placental-tissue interface disruption. The myometrial vascular pattern was also helpful in assessing the extensiveness of myometrial involvement. There was bulging of the lower uterine wall in the case of placenta percreta. Assessment of the placental/myometrial involvement of morbidly adherent placenta is possible on antenatal ultrasound examination. Combinations of different criteria may be required in assessing the lateral extent and the depth of placental/myometrial involvement.

Ultrasound examination of the fetal palate is known to be problematic. The difficulties identified include shadowing by facial bones, its curved anatomy, and its location deep inside the fetal head especially for the posterior part of palate. The soft tissues in the area, e.g. the fetal tongue, also make it more difficult to delineate the palate. Antenatal detection rate of fetal cleft palate has remained low especially when it is an isolated defect without concomitant cleft lip. The reported detection rate is virtually 0% in these cases (Grandjean et al., 1999; Clementi et.al.. 2000; Shaikh et.al., 2001; Wayne et al., 2002; Hanikeri et al., 2006; Offerdal et al., 2008; Demircioglu et al., 2008). Various methods for examination of the fetal palate have been proposed, including the use of 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) ultrasound technology. In this chapter, ultrasound imaging of the fetal palate will be revisited. How these problems may be resolved with ultrasound technology will be discussed.

To report on the sonographic appearance of decidua basalis in the first trimester of pregnancy. The images from 159 first trimester ultrasound examination in 105 women who later delivered at term with uncomplicated pregnancies were reviewed. The appearance of the decidua basalis layer and the sonographic changes were analyzed with respect to gestational age. A distinct decidual layer could be identified consistently at 5–6 weeks' gestation and its thickness peaked at 6–7 weeks. It was seen inconsistently at 8–9 weeks and was not identifiable by 10 weeks. Its echogenicity changed over time, from a uniformly echogenic appearance at 5–6 weeks to heterogeneous echogenic at 7 weeks, corresponding to the histological evidence of trophoblastic penetration, then it became less distinct until it became unidentifiable. There is a window in the first trimester of pregnancy for sonographic examination of the decidua basalis. This may allow an opportunity to screen for conditions that affect the decidua during the early stage of pregnancy.

Difficulties are often encountered in the sonographic imaging of the fetal soft palate in-utero. The obstacles are shadowing by the fetal facial bones, the curved anatomy of the structure and the lack of an anatomical landmark. Various sonographic techniques have been described in the past to overcome these problems, including imaging at an angle to the fetal face, imaging at a specific time (when the fetus opens the mouth) and the use of 3-dimensional (3-D) sonography and special modes to view the palate. However, there are still hurdles with these techniques, such as the time required to acquire the image, unfavourable fetal position, fetal movements, and the curvatures of the fetal soft palate. To describe and evaluate a novel method in the examination of the fetal soft palate utilizing stored 3D ultrasound volume of fetal face. The stored 3D ultrasound volumes of the faces of 31 fetuses at 15–35 weeks gestation were reviewed. The uvula was identified as a landmark and the 3D volume was rotated or tilted along the curvature of the soft palate. The success at imaging the fetal soft palate utilizing this method was evaluated. A satisfactory view of the fetal soft palate was obtained consistently beyond 19 weeks gestation in 31 fetuses at 15–35 weeks gestation. The fetal soft palate could be consistently viewed beyond 19 weeks gestation utilizing stored 3D ultrasound volumes of fetal faces. The uvula is a useful landmark for examination of the soft palate. Supporting information can be found in the online version of this abstract. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.