Autonomous University of Bucaramanga

Describe a bilingual individual with post-stroke aphasia and apraxia of speech (AoS) and explain its possible neuropsychological mechanisms.

Endometriosis is a leading cause of chronic pelvic pain in women and requires multidimensional lifelong management strategies. This chapter comprehensively reviews the multidisciplinary approaches to pain management in women with endometriosis, emphasizing both pharmacological and interventional strategies. Medical management includes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and hormonal contraceptives as the first line of treatment, providing adequate pain relief for many patients. Other pharmacological options include tricyclic and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI) antidepressants, calcium channel blockers, GnRH agonists/antagonists, and aromatase inhibitors. Some disadvantages related to pharmacological treatment include inhibition of ovulation, side effects of medications, and high recurrence of pain after discontinuation of treatment. Surgical management is usually delayed due to the risk of pelvic organ damage and postoperative adhesion formation. Physical and behavioral therapy are encouraged as a comprehensive approach to chronic pelvic pain. Interventional pain management techniques have emerged as a therapeutic option providing adequate pain control without impairing fertility. Neuromodulatory techniques such as peripheral nerve stimulation, dorsal root ganglion, and spinal cord stimulation could be a promising line of treatment for patients with refractory pain.

Greater exposure to stressors over the life course is believed to promote striatum-dependent over hippocampus-dependent learning and memory processes under stressful conditions. However, little research in this context has actually assessed lifetime stressor exposure and, moreover, it remains unknown whether greater cumulative lifetime stressor exposure exerts comparable effects on striatum-dependent learning and hippocampus-dependent learning in non-stressful contexts. To investigate this issue, we used the Stress and Adversity Inventory for Adults (Adult STRAIN) and Multicued Search Task to investigate the relation between cumulative lifetime stressor exposure and striatum-dependent stimulus–response learning and hippocampus-dependent contextual learning under non-stressful conditions among healthcare professionals (N = 205; 157 females, 48 males; Age: M = 34.23, SD 9.3, range 20–59 years). Individuals with moderate, but not low, cumulative lifetime stressor exposure exhibited impaired learning for stimulus–response associations. In contrast, learning for context associations was unrelated to participants' lifetime stressor exposure profiles. These results thus provide first evidence that cumulative lifetime stressor exposure may have negative consequences on human striatum-dependent stimulus–response learning under non-stressful environmental conditions.

El presente artículo de revisión surge de la tesis doctoral que se encuentra en proceso “Conflicto armado, reparación colectiva y verdad en voces de Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes del Corregimiento de Turbay en el Municipio de Suratá Santander”. Este texto busca visibilizar de manera transversal la educación rural desde todos sus escenarios como espacios de formación, producción de conocimiento, superación de las brechas sociales, construcción de escenarios de paz y devolver la esperanza a quienes fueron cruelmente azotados por el conflicto armado colombiano, pero de manera especial en el Municipio de Suratá-Departamento de Santander. Tras la revisión sistemática y documental, se logró identificar tendencias investigativas respecto a los conceptos fundantes del estudio sobre conflicto armado y educación rural con una mirada en el contexto nacional e internacional. Así mismo, se logró identificar los vacíos de conocimiento respecto a los conceptos que requieren profundización o inicio de estudios al respecto.

This paper describes the results obtained from the design and validation of translation gloves for Colombian sign language (LSC) to natural language. The MPU6050 sensors capture finger movements, and the TCA9548a card enables data multiplexing. Additionally, an Arduino Uno board preprocesses the data, and the Raspberry Pi interprets it using central tendency statistics, principal component analysis (PCA), and a neural network structure for pattern recognition. Finally, the sign is reproduced in audio format. The methodology developed below focuses on translating specific preselected words, achieving an average classification accuracy of 88.97%.

Introducción: El teratoma del ovario es el tumor de células germinales más frecuente. Entre sus complicaciones se describen algunos síndromes paraneoplásicos, como la encefalitis por anticuerpos contra el receptor N-metil-D-aspartato (NMDA). Caso clínico: Mujer de 22 años sin antecedentes de importancia que consulta por cuadro clínico de 4 días de evolución caracterizado por síntomas psiquiátricos y un episodio convulsivo. Se considera un cuadro de meningoencefalitis y se indica manejo antibiótico de amplio espectro y antiviral. Ante el deterioro se sospecha una encefalitis autoinmunitaria, se identifica un tumor anexial en los estudios imagenológicos compatible con teratoma y se confirma el diagnóstico con el hallazgo de anticuerpos NMDA en el líquido cefalorraquídeo. A pesar de su resección y manejo sistémico, fallece a los 5 meses. Discusión: La encefalitis autoinmunitaria asociada a un teratoma es inusual, pero es una complicación que debe sospecharse como diagnóstico de exclusión. La mayoría tienen un pronóstico favorable, aunque hasta una cuarta parte de los casos puede asociarse a daño irreversible en la corteza del hipocampo e incluso la muerte, principalmente cuando el diagnóstico y el tratamiento son tardíos. Conclusiones: Este caso es un reto clínico que representa un vacío en la evidencia actual, puesto que no existe un estándar de manejo de los teratomas. Se propone que, una vez diagnosticado un teratoma, se realice una cistectomía ovárica. Son necesarios más estudios para validar esta recomendación.

BackgroundVentricular shunts are one of the most frequent techniques used for the management of hydrocephalus. The ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) is the most commonly performed procedure, and the ventriculoatrial shunt (VAS) is the second option in most medical centers. The main objective of this study is to introduce and describe a surgical approach for VAS outlining our experience and comparing it with traditional shunting techniques.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort comparison study, we included patients with hydrocephalus treated with a surgical procedure between January 2010 and February 2021 at a single academic institution. We categorized the procedures into two groups: patients with VPS and conventional VAS grouped together into the conventional technique (CT) group, and the second group was patients with whom we performed VAS with complete internal jugular vein occlusion (IJVOT). We compared the surgical time, postoperative complications, and occurrence of shunt failure among the groups by performing univariate analysis using the Fisher exact test.ResultsOut of the 106 patients included in the analysis, IJVOT was performed in 66 patients, and CT in 40 patients. The median surgical time was 60 min (IQR 60–90) for IJVOT versus 100 min (IQR 60–120) for CT (p < 0.01). In the follow-up a month after the procedure, 83.3% of patients with IJVOT and 62.5% of patients with CT did not require shunt removal or shunt revision (p < 0.01). Shunt revision rates were 12.5% and 1.5% for CT while 1.5% and 2.5% for IJVOT at 1 and 6 months after the procedure.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that VAS with IJVOT is a safe method that exhibited shorter surgical times and outcomes comparable to CT. However, since the present study represents the first cohort evaluating IJVOT, it is imperative to conduct larger prospective studies, along with clinical trials, to fully explore and establish efficacy, long-term outcomes, and an in-depth comparison among shunting techniques.

En Colombia las ideas de la escuela positivista influyeron la redacción del Código penal de 1936 sin que las penas de prisión perpetua y prisión indeterminada fueran acogidas para todos los delincuentes natos, pues únicamente se establecieron para los alienados o anormales, bajo el nombre de “medidas de seguridad”. A partir de un estudio general del impacto del positivismo penal en América latina y en particular de las actas de la Comisión de Asuntos Penales y Penitenciarios que redactó dicha codificación, se sostiene que lo anterior fue resultado de un sincretismo con el pensamiento penal colombiano, que reconocía la insuficiencia de investigaciones sobre la delincuencia nacional y de médicos, jueces y administradores penitenciarios para cumplir con las metas perseguidas por el positivismo penal.