Autonomous University of Tlaxcala

This work reports the biosynthesis and application of a colloidal tungsten oxide (WO 3-δ ) solution with reverse saturable absorption behavior for passive short-pulse generation in a Q-switched fiber laser. WO 3 - δ nanoparticles were synthesized through a green chemistry route using Justicia secunda Vahl extract and characterized by EDX, UV-Vis, and TEM analyses. The resulting nanostructures showed a quasi-spherical morphology with an average diameter of 10.33±0.68 nm and a sub-stoichiometric composition identified as WO 1 . 64 . Nonlinear optical characterization using the P-scan technique confirmed a reverse saturable absorption behavior, with a modulation depth of 28%, a nonlinear absorption coefficient of , and a third-order susceptibility of . The reverse saturable absorption was integrated into an erbium-doped fiber ring laser using a capillary cell. Q-switched operation was achieved with a pump threshold of 108.1 mW, repetition rates ranging from 29.41 to 34.48 kHz, pulse widths between 9.2 and 4.1 μs, and a maximum pulse energy of 4.97 nJ. The laser emitted at a central wavelength of 1567.4 nm with a spectral bandwidth (FWHM) of 0.99 nm, confirming single longitudinal mode operation. These results demonstrate that colloidal WO 3 - δ as an eco-friendly, low-cost nonlinear material for passive optical modulation and pulse generation in photonic systems.

The general objective of this research is to conduct a legal and statistical analysis of the current working and social security conditions of young people in Mexico, including the Gen Z population. First, they face the problem of informality. Second, despite the formality, the role that the State has taken in collecting Income Tax (ISR) on employee benefits by using the Unit of Measurement and Adjustment (UMA) to determine the exempt portion. This generates higher income tax payments owing to minimum legal conditions such as Christmas bonuses, vacation bonuses, among others. Finally, it is necessary to measure insured young people's behaviour in the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), as well as a 2032 projection of the total number of beneficiaries over 18 but under 30 years of age. The methodology used to annually project the number of total beneficiaries between 18 and 30 years of age is a multiple linear regression model with Ordinary Least Squares (OLS). The results show that the highest figures for the Gen Z beneficiary population are expected for the 2024 to 2027 years, based on the forecast made using the model mentioned.

Some parasitic infections promote or inhibit vascular growth in their hosts to increase parasite survival through immune evasion and tissue dissemination. This review focuses on how the most prevalent protozoan and helminth parasites in humans, such as Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, Leishmania, Trypanosoma, Entamoeba, Schistosoma, and Taenia, manipulate angiogenic pathways for their own benefit. This knowledge reveals that angiogenesis is central to the pathophysiology and therapeutic targeting of parasitic diseases. Importantly, parasites and/or their excretory/secretory factors, which modulate vascular responses, are potential treatments for chronic degenerative diseases in which angiogenesis is crucial to disease progression, such as cancer.

Frente al modelo agroalimentario globalizado, caracterizado por largas cadenas de distribución y productos industrializados, los circuitos cortos comercializables (CCC), emergen como Redes Alimentarias Alternativas (RAA), que ofrecen estrategias territorializadas de proximidad para fortalecer sistemas agroalimentarios sostenibles. En la Sierra Nevada Poblana, la configuración de CCC mediante venta directa o intermediación reducida de agroalimentos locales, saludables y de especialidad, como el maíz azul y las berries, cobra relevancia. El objetivo, fue analizar el perfil de productores, la estructura y funcionamiento de estos circuitos, para proponer una tipología que reconozca su complejidad e impactos. Se empleó metodología mixta de Investigación-Acción Participativa, talleres comunitarios, observación directa y encuestas a 165 productores en Ozolco, Tianguizolco y Buenavista durante 2024. Los resultados muestran que los CCC, distribuyen productos frescos y poco procesados, elaborados artesanal y semiindustrialmente, con destacada participación de mujeres, jóvenes, indígenas, migrantes retornados y familias campesinas. Se identificaron canales directos y con mínima intermediación (mercados urbanos, nichos de especialidad, acopiadores y consumidores) y esquemas alternativos en finca, a domicilio, cocinas tradicionales, agroturismo, plataformas digitales y trueque. El funcionamiento, se sustenta en estrategias de venta local y regional, con organización comunitaria diferenciada. Se propuso una tipología de CCC: artesanal urbano, de especialidad saludable y comercial en expansión, validada estadísticamente con 98.5% de varianza explicada y coeficientes Alpha de Cronbach > 0.91. En conclusión, los CCC, fortalecen la presencia de productores de agricultura familiar en el mercado, contribuyendo a múltiples dimensiones del desarrollo sostenible, confirmándose como expresiones de RAA, que requieren políticas diferenciadas para consolidarse.

Microplastics impact coral reefs due to their presence in the water column. This is the case of Ingeniero Reef, which borders the Veracruz-Boca del Rio metropolitan area. The objective of this study was to determine the presence of microplastics in the feeding zone adjacent to the corals located on Ingeniero Reef. Two sampling periods were conducted (dry and rainy seasons, 2023), obtaining water samples from the area adjacent to the corals and from the water column, with 20 per sampling period. In the laboratory, the microplastics were separated and classified by type, size, and color. A one-way ANOVA was performed to compare microplastic concentration between the two seasons and average size in corals and the water column, and the Bray–Curtis index was applied. A new technique for obtaining microplastics from coral reefs was developed. The concentration of microplastics varies according to the climatic season, with fibers being the dominant type. The size of microplastics can be a determining factor for corals. The development and application of standardized protocols for studying microplastics will allow for more reliable monitoring programs, yielding comparable results that will enable the assessment of the impact of this emerging pollutant.

Acanthamoeba castellanii, an opportunistic free-living amoeba, causes severe infections including Acanthamoeba keratitis. This exploratory study evaluated whether three non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)-acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, and diclofenac (100 µM)-modulate pathogenicity-related processes in A. castellanii and explored the involvement of a gp63-like protein during encystment and adhesion. Trophozoites were continuously exposed to each drug and analyzed for adhesion, migration on host-derived discontinuous brain micropatterns, encystment efficiency, and parasite-induced cytoskeletal remodeling in MDCK epithelial cells. In silico docking was performed to assess potential drug-protein interactions. Drug exposure reduced adhesion with maximal inhibition at 60 min. After 1 h, migration decreased by 49%, 64%, and 38%, and encystment was reduced by 50%, 85%, and up to 90%, respectively, in cultures treated with acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, and diclofenac. Co-incubation with untreated trophozoites lowered actin fluorescence to approximately 50%, whereas drug-treated co-cultures preserved fluorescence near control levels. Colocalization analysis showed increased spatial overlap between gp63-like protein and F-actin in cysts (~40%) and migrating trophozoites (~20%) compared with non-stimulated forms (~3.8%). Collectively, these findings suggest that NSAID-sensitive pathways influence host interaction, migration, and encystment in A. castellanii and allow for the proposal of gp63-like protein as a putative molecular component of the NSAIDs sensitive pathways.