Autonomous University of Zacatecas

El objetivo es mostrar las condiciones que determinan el empoderamiento en la salud de la mujer rural mexicana. Como las mujeres de las localidades urbanas, las rurales padecen una serie de enfermedades. Destacan los crónicos degenerativos no contagiosas, que impactan en la vida de las personas, porque las limita en el desarrollo de las actividades, del bienestar y desarrollo personal. También están aquellas que causan la muerte como los diversos tipos de cáncer. Por ello, se describen las particularidades del espacio rural mexicano y las dinámicas que existen. En seguida, se destacan las acciones del gobierno para generar condiciones determinadas para la atención de la salud de las mujeres rurales, que va desde la dotación de infraestructura hospitalaria, personal médico y vías de comunicación para las localidades rurales caracterizadas por la dispersión. Luego, las enfermedades que más afectan a las mujeres rurales pese a ser un segmento de población que atiende diversas actividades, particularmente las domésticas, del cuidado y las comunitarias, pero no están exentas de padecer depresión, diabetes, hipertensión, cáncer, menopausia y otros. Se concluye que el empoderamiento respecto a la salud de las mujeres rurales está determinado por sus condiciones materiales de existencia, es decir, usos y costumbres, el lugar donde habita, así como las que dota el Estado Mexicano.

No abstract available. ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 59, No. 669-670, 2004: 745-758.

Energy availability is a critical point in newly received calves. This study was conducted to examine the effect of daily calcium propionate (CaPr), chromium-methionine (Cr-Met), or CaPr plus Cr-Met (CaPr + Cr-Met) supplementation on growth performance, dietary energetics, body fat reserves, serum metabolites, and hematological responses in high-risk beef calves. Forty-eight crossbred bull calves (148.7 ± 2.05 kg body weight) were involved in a fully randomized experimental design. Calves which were individually pen allocated (12 repetitions/treatment) were subjected to one of the following treatments daily over 56 d: (1) Control, no additives; (2) CaPr, 19 g CaPr; (3) Cr-Met, 4 g Cr-Met; and (4) CaPr + Cr-Met, 19 g CaPr plus 4 g Cr-Met. Compared to controls, feed additive supplementation alone or in combination did not modify dry matter intake (DMI), but increased average daily gain (ADG), improving the ADG/DMI ratio. However, no synergistic effect on dietary energy utilization efficiency was observed with the combination of CaPr and Cr-Met; individual supplementation proved more effective. Because of the magnitude of the effects of Cr-Met on the efficiency of dietary energy utilization, this resulted in an increase (p < 0.05) in rump fat thickness (RFT). The supplementation of CaPr + Cr-Met decreased ALB/GLO ratio, MPV, and RBC, but increased TCHO, GLU, and MCH (p > 0.05). It is concluded that supplementation with CaPr or Cr-Met independently is an effective strategy to improve growth performance, energy utilization and retention, and body fat reserves, without adverse effects on health among high-risk beef calves.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in enzymic activity, metabolites, and hematological responses during the first 56-d of arrival of newly received calves, which were qualified at reception as high-risk but diagnosed as clinically healthy. A total of 320 blood samples were taken from 64 crossbred bull calves (average initial body weight = 148.3 ± 1.3 kg) at different times from arrival (d 0, 14, 28, 42, and 56 of received). Calves included in the study were received in June (n = 20), November (n = 24), and April (n = 20); thus, experimental treatments were arranged in a generalized complete block design (three blocks = month of arrival). The following parameters were determined: total white blood cells (WBC): lymphocytes (LYM), lymphocytes % (LYM%), monocytes (MON), monocytes % (MON%), granulocytes (GRA), granulocytes % (GRA%), platelets (PLT), and mean platelet volume (MPV); red blood cells (RBC): red blood cell distribution width test % (RDW%), hematocrit (HCT), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV); hemoglobin (HGB): mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). The enzymatic activity and metabolites analyzed were alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLO), ALB/GLO ratio, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CRE), total bilirubin (TBIL), total cholesterol (TCHO), triglycerides (TG); (4) calcium (Ca), glucose (GLU), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and chlorine (Cl-). It was observed that ALP, ALT, TP, ALB, GLO, ALB/GLO ratio, TCHO, TG, Ca, and GLU increased as days from reception increased (linear effect, p ≤ 0.04), whereas CRE and TBIL were reduced (linear effect, p ≤ 0.02). A quadratic response (p ≤ 0.001) was observed to GGT and AST values being maximal on days 1 and 56 after arrival (p ≤ 0.001). Na+, K+, and Cl- concentrations were not affected by prolonged days after arrival. Finally, blood cells of LYM, LYM%, PLT, RBC, HGB, HCT%, MCV, and MCH increased (linear effect, p ≤ 0.001) as the number of days after arrival increased. Whereas MON% was linearly decreased (p ≤ 0.05). It was concluded that even when all parameters were within the range of reference intervals (RIs) determined for healthy cattle, during the period of monitoring, as the days after arrival lengthened, blood serum parameters related to health and immunity increased, and metabolites related to tissue injury decreased. In contrast, plasmatic electrolytes (Na+, K+, and Cl-) were slightly reduced as the day after arrival increased. Apparently, at least 42 d is the minimum period after arrival to permit calves to reach more adequate physiological and metabolic conditions before starting the fattening phase.

Power conversion efficiency gain of tandem solar cells as a function of bottom and top sub-cell bandgap energy compared to single junction counterparts.

Burn injuries impose challenges such as infection risk, pain management, fluid loss, electrolyte imbalance and psychological and emotional impact, on healthcare professionals, requiring effective treatments to enhance wound healing. The present study evaluated the efficacy superoxidized electrolyzed solution (SES), with low (SES-low) or high (SES-high) concentrations of active species, alone or in combination with a formulation in gel (G), in comparison with commonly prescribed treatments for burn injury, including nitrofurazone (NF) and silver sulfadiazine (S); normal saline was used as placebo (PI). A scald burn model was established in BALB/c mice. Measurements of the burned area and histological parameters such as inflammatory infiltration state, epithelial regeneration and collagen fibers were evaluated on days 3, 6, 9, 18 and 32 to assess healing score and status. All treatments achieved wound closure at day 32; histopathological parameters indicated that SES-low and SES-low + G performed better than the Pl and S groups (P<0.05). All treatments showed a lower count of inflammatory cells compared with S (P<0.05); for collagen deposition and orientation, SES-low + G showed a more uniform horizontal orientation compared with Pl, SES-high + G, NF and S groups (P<0.05). SES-Low was the most effective substance to induce favorable and organized healing, while S was the worst, inducing disorganized closure of the wound due to a pro-inflammatory effect.

Pemphigus is an autoimmune disease that affects the skin and mucous membranes, induced by the deposition of pemphigus IgG, which mainly targets desmogleins 1 and 3 (Dsg1 and 3). This autoantibody causes steric interference between Dsg1 and 3 and the loss of cell adhesion, producing acantholysis. This molecule and its cellular effects are clinically reflected as intraepidermal blistering. Pemphigus vulgaris-IgG (PV-IgG) binding involves p38MAPK-signaling-dependent caspase-3 activation. The present work assessed the in vitro effect of PV-IgG on the adherence of HaCaT cells dependent on caspase-3. PV-IgG induced cell detachment and apoptotic changes, as demonstrated by annexin fluorescent assays. The effect of caspase-3 induced by PV-IgG was suppressed in cells pre-treated with caspase-3-shRNA, and normal IgG (N-IgG) as a control had no relevant effects on the aforementioned parameters. The results demonstrated that shRNA reduces caspase-3 expression, as measured via qRT-PCR and via Western blot and immunofluorescence, and increases cell adhesion. In conclusion, shRNA prevented in vitro cell detachment and the late effects of apoptosis induced by PV-IgG on HaCaT cells, furthering our understanding of the molecular role of caspase-3 cell adhesion dependence in pemphigus disease.

La concentración de riqueza en los estratos sociales más altos de México es el resultado de un sistema económico que ha permitido que los retornos generados por el capital impulsen el enriquecimiento de los hogares más ricos. Sin embargo, a falta de datos fiscales confiables para determinar la magnitud exacta de estos ingresos, este trabajo realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo de los estratos socioeconómicos más opulentos de México en el periodo 2008-2020 mediante una integración de las Encuestas de Ingresos y gastos de los Hogares (ENIGH) a las Cuentas Nacionales (CN). El estudio reveló que la acumulación de riqueza en los hogares más ricos aumentó en los últimos años, principalmente a través de los ingresos de capital, pero que además en las encuestas existía un importante subregistro y una amplia subcobertura de los hogares más ricos en las regiones más pobladas de México, y como la tendencia de acumulación es al alza, se prevé que, sin un sistema tributario más progresivo, resultará en un crecimiento exponencial de la riqueza entre las familias más ricas de México, disminuyendo los ingresos de la población menos acomodada y generando mayores tasas de pobreza y una reducción de la clase media.