Bedër University

In the modern era, breast surgery aims to adopt conservative strategies that ensure both oncological safety and aesthetic outcomes. However, one of the major challenges is the risk of positive margins, which may require a second surgery. Various strategies have been adopted to minimize this risk. The most commonly used strategies include the selective resection of suspicious margins after intraoperative evaluation and the routine circumferential resection of additional tissue around the cavity left by a lumpectomy, known as the Cavity-Shave (CS) Technique. A blind randomized clinical trial was conducted, in which standard selective margin resections were compared to the CS technique, in a 1:1 ratio, comparing oncological outcomes, aesthetic results, and surgical time. A total of 185 patients were enrolled in the study, with a mean age of 62.04±14.02. The sample was randomly assigned to two groups: 91(49.2%) were allocated to the cavity shave (CS) Group and 94 (50.8%) to the no-CS-Group. The rate of positive margins was 20.9% versus 18.1%, p-value:0.631 vs p-value:0.577. The re-excision rate was 12.1% vs 14.9%, in the CS-group and in the no-Cs-Group respectively. The mean operating room occupancy time was 77.9±23.5min in the CS-group versus 95.6±34.9min in the no-Cs-Group, with a p-value<0.001. Aesthetic outcomes were comparable between the two groups (p-value:0.706), despite a statistically significant difference in the total volume excised, 67.2±16.4cm3 in the CS-Group versus 51.5±17.2cm3 in the no-CS-Group, p-value:0.021. CS and selective margin resection with intraoperative histopathological evaluation showed similar oncological and aesthetic outcomes; however, CS was associated with a statistically significant reduction in surgical time.

This research studies the effect of technology on developing language proficiency in English classrooms. In recent years, technological tools such as YouTube, TED Talk, and gamified learning platforms such as Quizlet have been increasingly integrated into classrooms with the aim of facilitating the language learning process. This study provides a detailed analysis of how these tools influence students' language acquisition, engagement, and overall learning outcomes.To gather relevant data, a mixed-method approach was employed, combining quantitative data from student responses and qualitative insight from teacher interviews. The research seeks to explore the effectiveness of technology integration across various classroom settings. Findings reveal that technology significantly boosts language skills, particularly in listening and speaking, through interactive exercises. However, in the Albanian context, challenges such as limited access to technology, insufficient teacher training, and the need for balanced pedagogical approaches persist. The study offers useful recommendations for educators who are trying to maximize language skill development in this digital era and contributes to ongoing discussions about the best practices for incorporating technology in English language instruction.

This study investigates end-of-life decisions through Islamic and legal comparative approaches by focusing on the Albanian context. The methods applied in this paper are critical legal reasoning and legal comparison. The goal of this research is to review the impact of the Islam legal culture (Qur’an and hadith) on the Albanian law of end-of-life decisions. From a legal approach, this paper underlines the unconstitutionality of the Albanian Code of Medical Ethics. In addition, the review of the Islamic literature on medical jurisprudence demonstrates the attitude of Muslim community regarding end-of-life decisions in addition to scientifically examine the various rules governing end-of-life situations codified in the Islam legal sources by only considering the Qur’an and hadith. This investigation aims to understand the similarities and differences between these two different approaches by also underlying the importance of Islam approach on end-of-life situations on the Albanian legislation.

Nowadays, the rapid development of technology has revolutionized global business. These changes in computer and communication technologies have made it possible for businesses to directly reach customers anywhere in the world. Therefore, economies of many countries are based on international trade. The traditional way of dealing with costumers, markets and workplaces is not enough for today’s institutions and business organizations to succeed in this century. The purpose of this research is testing the effect of country of origin (COO) on Albanian consumers purchasing preferences and to measure consumer ethnocentrism in Albanian market. This study tried to investigate the influence of COO and consumer ethnocentrism in a multi-dimensional context, taking the consideration for the effect of different factors such as price, brand cues and costumer experience in purchase decision of good in Albanian market. The hypotheses are examined with data assembled from 278 Albanian consumers. There were four product preferences attributes in survey questionnaire: product origin, brands, consumer experience and price. As result of study, the effect of ethnocentrism was found as important factor that affects Albanian consumer’s product evaluations and their purchase intentions. In addition, in Albanian marketplace, country of origin has great impact regarding the evaluations of foreign goods.

Objetivo: Este estudo objetivou analisar a prevalência de percepção de idosos sobre seu risco de quedas e os fatores associados. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, analítico realizado com 190 idosos participantes de um programa de envelhecimento ativo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista utilizando questionários e escalas. A percepção de risco foi avaliada por meio de instrumento elaborado com a técnica de vinheta. Foi realizada análise estatística bivariada e de regressão logística múltipla dos dados. Resultados: Os resultados evidenciaram que63,7% dos idosos apresentam baixa percepção de risco de cair. Os fatores associados à percepção dos idosos sobre seu risco de quedas foram dificuldade de mobilidade (p=0,018) e preocupação em cair (p=0,002). Conclusão: Conclui-se que há alta prevalência de baixa percepção de risco de quedas na população investigada e os fatores associados encontrados provavelmente apontam para o fato de a maioria dos idosos ser mais jovem, ter boas condições de saúde, histórico de poucas quedas, considerarem-se em boas condições de envelhecimento e interagirem com outras pessoas em grupos sociais.

Abstract Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social communication and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) (APA). Case Study of autistic child D.S. treated with (IEP) program and therapeutic methods. Direct observation of the vertical grid with the child treated with (IEP) program and professional techniques was used for the realization of the study, semi-structured interviews with actors and factors that have access to autistic children. Focus group with field specialists who create a multidisciplinary team. Child testing with the SON-R test proved that the age of the trained child increased 4 years. The non-exercising child's mental age increased only 7 months (2.5-3.2) years. Achievements of an autistic child treated with the Individualized Education Program, (IEP-1+IEP-2+IEP- 3 in the spheres exercised: The child has made progress in the psychomotor skills (learning). Results: (IEP-1-15%); (IEP-2-45%); (IEP-3-80%). Linguistic skills has not progressed, because it has serious brain damage in the part of communicative ability; the results in this sphere are: IEP-1-0%; IEP-2-5%; IEP-3-10%. The achievements of the child in the social sphere are: IEP-1-35%; IEP-2-45%; IEP-3-75%. Psychological treatment of autistic child with Individualized Education Program (IEP) and therapeutic methods resulted in success story.

The question of Self and memory is inextricably linked to the question of the representation and representability as well as to the uniqueness or iterability of the sense of the Self. Criticisms through the times suggest thinking of the sense of Self in terms of one's memory for it--not how faithfully you represent yourself, but rather how accurately you remember your past Self and how much you know about your present Self. Memory is the key element in determining the production of an autobiographical work, it is the author's memory and his sense of Self which determines how accurately he will transpose his life in front of us and correspondingly the one that decides whether autobiography will take the form of a memoir, a semi-fictional autobiography, or a completely fictionalized version of one's life. The relationship between Self and memory has initially been considered by John Locke in his "Essay Concerning Human Understanding"(1698). In his view, a person's identity comprises of whatever a person can remember from his or her past. Consequently, what the person does not remember is not part of his identity. Differing from the other critics, Locke believed that identity and selfhood have nothing to do with continuity of the body, they are rather an extension of memory. The paper delves into the postmodern autobiographical writings of three women-of -color including Audre Lorde, bell hooks and Rebecca Walker .The autobiographies in this study share the arrangement of events in the form of quilts made of accidentally stitched patches, the presentation of life as a fictional narrative and the treatment of the forgotten past as a remembrance and a revisiting. While Audre Lorde s and bell hooks accounts bring an emphasis on myth,(hooks on the construction of a dreamscape and Lorde on the arrangement of the psychological quilt of life), Rebecca Walker asserts that wishful forgetting and the conditioned amnesiac status contribute to the preservation of the fluid character of memory, its organization into dualities and the increased impermanence of the autobiographical account. The reliability of memory, together with the accuracy of life writing determines the classification of a narrative as memoir, autobiography or fictional autobiography. The autobiography criticism corpora are the ones to question the mnemonic truth and the reconciliation of the forces of signification.