Behavioral Health Systems

Skull-induced phase aberrations and signal attenuation limit the performance of transcranial ultrasound imaging, typically confining applications to the temporal region. While adaptive beamforming techniques mostly offer partial correction, they typically lack access to point-specific skull thickness data essential for accurate skull-induced phase aberration compensation. This work presents a skull thickness mapping framework that provides more precise thickness measurements to adjust speed-of-sound (SOS) per probe location, improving phase aberration correction for trans-skull ultrasound applications, including transcranial ultrasound imaging, offering a solution for ultrasound-based transcranial systems. Using 800 CT scans from the MosMed Expanded Brain CT Dataset, cranial bone was segmented via thresholding, and surface meshes were generated through Marching Cubes reconstruction. Skull thickness was estimated by multi-directional ray casting between outer and inner bone boundaries, projected onto 3D surfaces as color-coded thickness maps. Rigid registration using Iterative Closest Point aligned individual skulls to a common anatomical reference, enabling the computation of region-specific mean thickness distributions and variability measures. When implemented in a custom ultrasound platform with a matrix array transducer, the proposed method improved phase aberration correction accuracy compared to fixed-SOS models. By enabling location-specific SOS adjustments, this framework provides a practical and adaptable method for full-skull transcranial ultrasound imaging.

Mục tiêu: Phân tích đặc điểm và kết cục các sản phụ phải phẫu thuật cắt tử cung cấp cứu do băng huyết sau sinh ngã âm đạo nặng tại Bệnh viện Từ Dũ. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu hồi cứu báo cáo loạt ca các trường hợp phẫu thuật cắt tử cung cấp cứu do băng huyết sau sinh ngã âm đạo nặng tại Bệnh viện Từ Dũ trong thời gian từ từ 1/8/2019 đến tháng 30/12/2019. Các đặc điểm được ghi nhận bao gồm: đặc điểm dịch tễ học, tiền căn sản phụ khoa, đặc điểm thai kỳ lần này, đặc điểm cuộc sinh và BHSS. Kết quả: Trong khoảng thời gian nghiên cứu 5 tháng, có 177 trường hợp băng huyết sau sinh ngã âm đạo nặng tại Bệnh viện Từ Dũ. Trong đó, chúng tôi trích lục được 7 trường hợp có phẫu thuật cắt tử cung cấp cứu để cứu mẹ sau khi các điều trị nội và ngoại khoa bảo tồn thất bại (chiếm 3,9%). Toàn bộ đều được điều trị cứu mạng mẹ thành công sau phẫu thuật cắt tử cung cấp cứu. Kết luận: BHSS nặng tuy chiếm tỉ lệ nhỏ nhưng là một nhóm bệnh cảnh quan trọng, góp phần lớn vào gánh nặng bệnh tật và tử vong do BHSS. Tuy đã có nhiều tiến bộ trong kĩ thuật y tế và phẫu thuật nhưng cắt tử cung cấp cứu vẫn là phương pháp điều trị quan trọng trong BHSS nặng không đáp ứng điều trị ban đầu.

The current study took a quasi-experimental approach investigating the effect of a holistic after-school intervention, on reading comprehension measured by the Gray Oral Reading Test (GORT)-4 on at-risk students in Grade 2 through Grade 5. Analysis of Variance was used to investigate the relationship between pre- and post-intervention scores. The study showed encouraging results. The 91 student participants showed gains in their GORT-4 total scores after the intervention. Results of after-school tutoring lend support to the use of peer-tutoring in afterschool in the elementary schools. Due to the exploratory nature of the study in a single school, there are constraints on generalizability and utility of findings to other schools across the board.

Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is associated with elevated rates of psychopathic traits and aggression. However, it remains unclear if attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms exacerbate these relations, particularly in samples of children who are severely clinically distressed. The purpose of the present study was to test ADHD symptoms as a potential moderator of the relations of ODD symptoms to psychopathic traits (i.e., callous-unemotional [CU] traits, narcissism) and to aggressive subtypes (i.e., proactive, reactive aggression) in a large sample of children in an acute psychiatric inpatient facility (n = 699; ages 6-12). Multiple regression analyses indicated that, after controlling for child demographic variables, ADHD symptoms marginally exacerbated the relation between ODD symptoms and CU traits. Both ODD and ADHD symptoms had an additive, but not a multiplicative effect, in predicting narcissism. In addition, for a subset of the full sample for whom data were available (n =351), ADHD symptoms exacerbated the relation between ODD symptoms and both reactive and proactive aggression. These results suggest that ADHD symptoms tend to have a negative effect on the relation between ODD symptoms and markers of antisociality among children receiving acute psychiatric care.

This chapter contains sections titled: Sex and the Startle Reflex The Startle Reflex and Measurement of Deviant Sexual Interests Startle Eyeblink While Viewing Normal and Deviant Sexual Stimuli Deception and the Startle Eyeblink Startle Eyeblink: Issues and Future Directions Anticipatory Anxiety Psychopathy Habituation and Novelty Stimulus Arousal Levels Sexual Offenders Conclusions References

Various health promotion interventions have been developed for individuals with serious mental illness that address such problems as medication nonadherence and physical inactivity. The beneficial outcomes of these interventions may be enhanced or extended if patients used a tool to monitor their own health habits. A systematic review of studies on health diaries was conducted to inform the development of the Monthly Medication Journal. A self-regulation model is discussed in using health diaries as self-monitoring and self-regulation tools for individuals with various mental health disorders.

SUMMARY Until recently, mental health professionals have given little attention to the growing phenomenon of adolescent dating violence (ADV). Although society has given increased attention to the problem of domestic violence, it has been reluctant to acknowledge that adolescents are the fastest growing population at risk. The sad truth is that 1 in 8 high school students and 1 in 5 college students will become involved in violent relationships (Jersey Battered Woman's Service, 1995). It is also horrifying that ADV often leads to murder. In 1993, 600 teenage girls were murdered by their partners (Wertheimer, 1994). According to FBI reports, 20% of all female homicide victims are between the ages of 15 and 24 and 1 out of 3 female homicides is committed by the victim's husband or boyfriend (Levy, 1993). This article explores the subject of Adolescent Dating Violence and examines the elements which distinguish ADV from domestic violence, the three forms of ADV, the cycles of abuse involved in ADV, the reasons for the occurrence of ADV, useful intervention and prevention methods and different social policies which should be implemented to combat Adolescent Dating Violence.