Belarusian State University of Transport

The paper investigates the strength of welded joints with fillet welds based on the laws of mechanics of materials. It is shown that the conditional calculation used does not meet the conditions of static equilibrium, since the value of the fillet weld leg is overestimated, which significantly increases the material consumption of the welded joint. A calculation is proposed that takes into account the combined effects of normal and tangential stresses.

Conformity assessment of measuring equipment, which can also be called verification, can be provided within the process of calibration in accredited calibration laboratories in accordance with the requirements of ISO/IEC 17025:2017 “General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories” on customer's request. However, the task execution in practice is often associated with significant difficulties due to the lack of laboratory personal's knowledge in the fi eld of probability theory and theoretical metrology, as well as the absence of clear and unambiguous rules for the task execution methods. The paper describes and analyzes the process of performing conformity assessment, which can be applied to any type of measuring equipment, and considers its particular elements, such as equipment requirements, decision rule, risk of a false decision and measurement uncertainty. The rules for performing conformity assessment for geometrical product specifications standardized in international standards ISO 14253 series are analyzed here. By using the example of calibration of a geometrical product specifications measuring instrument, such as a caliper, the article presents three scenarios of conformity assessment, based on different decision rules and different evaluation methods of measurement uncertainty. The statements of conformity acquired from the different scenarios of the caliper conformity assessment were inconsistent; they were analyzed and the above-mentioned scenarios were assessed for their validity in practice. The research results can be used for the development of conformity assessment procedures in accredited calibration laboratories performing the measurements of geometrical product specifications as well as the other types of measurement; they will also contribute to improving the qualification level of specialists involved in the conformity assessment and verification activities of various objects.

Purpose: To increase the economic efficiency of high-speed railways (HSR). HSR infrastructure can be used not only for passenger traffic but also for high-speed freight transportation. The potential for using HSR for both passenger and freight traffic has not been sufficiently studied. This paper proposes the integration of highspeed and express passenger trains in the schedule of express container trains. Methods: Development of an integrated schedule of passenger and express container trains with specified speeds and priority parameters for each category of trains on a dedicated HSR with transition points to the general railway network; analysis of technical problems of its implementation. Results: The newly designed train schedule on the test section has illustrated that the passenger traffic capacity of the given high-speed railway line allows integrating several pairs of express container trains. In addition, it is possible to lay appropriate tracks for their non-stop passage. Thus, the fundamental possibility of implementing a mixed traffic model on a high-speed railway with high quality indicators for both passenger and freight traffic has been proven. Simultaneously, the main technical problems that require solutions for implementing the proposed mixed traffic model have been identified including the need to modify traction and non-traction rolling stock as well as improve fastenings for highspeed traffic. Practical significance: The obtained results can be used to develop models for organizing mixed traffic on the designed high-speed railways in order to increase the economic efficiency of their operation by providing high-speed transportation services for high-tariff containerized cargo.

Introduction. The degree of passenger vehicle capacity utilisation affects the economic component of regular urban passenger transport operation, as it depends on the number of passengers transported, which affects the revenue from transportation, as well as on the passenger vehicle capacity, which affects the cost of transportation. One of the tasks formulated in the programme-target documents of the Republic of Belarus is to achieve full selfsufficiency of urban regular passenger transport. One of the ways to ensure this can be maximising the degree of capacity utilisation set by the manufacturer of the passenger vehicle.The aim of the paper is to estimate the degree of passenger vehicle capacity utilisation and dynamics of its change, as well as to develop measures to improve the efficiency of urban regular passenger transport.Materials and methods. When writing the article, the data obtained by a full-scale survey of passenger flows in one of the cities of the Republic of Belarus, conducted in 2019 and in 2024, were used. When writing the article, statistical methods (descriptive statistics, fitting, visualisation, assessment of significance of differences using statistical criteria), analysis of scientific literature and work technology, synthesis of proposals were used.Conclusions. The low degree of utilisation of passenger vehicle capacity is shown. The new technology of the organisation of work of the city passenger transport of regular communication, allowing to increase use of capacity of passenger vehicles and, at the expense of this efficiency of such work is offered.The possibility of further use of the results of scientific work. The received results substantiate necessity of development of scientific toolkit for optimisation of assignment of passenger vehicles to flights taking into account passenger load on them and other restrictions.Practical significance. This article shows the need to develop measures to improve the efficiency of passenger vehicle capacity utilisation for the purposes of increasing the efficiency of urban regular passenger transport.Originality. This paper shows the change in the degree of use of passenger vehicle capacity, shows the factors affecting it, and proposes a new technology for organising the work of urban regular passenger transport. The article will be useful for officials of the management bodies responsible for the organisation of the work of urban passenger transport of regular communication, as well as employees of the enterprises of urban passenger transport, transport scientists.

There is considered the modeling of transient movement modes of railway trains on the basis of their model in the form of a one-dimensional system of solid bodies. The computational results of longitudinal forces in a freight train are obtained for the case of the locomotive electrodynamic braking. It is shown that at the increase of the coefficient that determines the draft gear compression rate effect on the force in the automatic coupler the lower values of maximal forces and compression are realized. The use of a smooth increase in the locomotive braking force makes it possible to reduce the values of forces in inter-car connections significantly. It is also shown that the use of one-dimensional models does not allow to explain the significant difference in the values of forces observed at the during shift of the located at the station train, fixed by brake shoes.

Introduction. Over the past 20 years, the fleet of vehicles in the Republic of Belarus has increased significantly, and, consequently, the intensity of traffic on roads with a proportional increase in wear and tear of their surfaces. The need to protect asphalt concrete pavements from premature destruction dictates the search for new technological solutions. To effectively protect asphalt concrete pavements from the complex effects of water and traffic loads in the autumn-winter and spring-winter periods, the author has developed and implemented one of the options for protecting asphalt concrete pavements of a highway – treating them with a hydrophobic preventive Protekt- 01composition.Materials and methods. The research used theoretical and practical results from the implementation of the developed hydrophobic prophylactic composition.Results. The article presents an overview of the state of the problem of preventing destruction of asphalt concrete pavements abroad and in the Republic of Belarus, an analysis of the measures taken to implement the developed hydrophobic preventive Protekt-01composition at transport infrastructure facilities, and also, based on the data obtained from production testing a ‘System for organizing preventive treatment’ has been proposed, which will be aimed at preventing the beginning and future destruction of the asphalt concrete pavement of highways and will be based on monitoring the technical condition of the control object, planning, organizing, implementing and managing preventive and repair measures using navigation equipment and software that makes it possible to optimize the balance of costs and road surface defects.Originality. Thus, based on the theoretical substantiation and the results of practical implementation of the developed composition, the following are proposed:- method for ensuring the operation of a control system for liquid road-building materials which enables to eliminate overconsumption of the distributed substance;- ‘System for organizing preventive treatment’, which enables to increase the service life of asphalt concrete pavement by 1.2–1.5 times.

Objective: to compare the readings of the residual magnetization of the outer ring of the bearing with its different orientation with respect to the magnetizing field on the example of the UMDP-01 installation. To show in practice the inefficiency of using the technology of demagnetization of the outer rings of the bearings of axle boxes when they are located in a horizontal plane. Methods: comparison of the obtained values of the residual magnetization by direct measurements during demagnetization of the outer rings in the horizontal and vertical planes with respect to the magnetic field. In practice, the same conditions for magnetization and demagnetization of the same outer ring were observed by passing a pulsed current through the solenoid and the contact rod in the magnetization mode and gradually reducing the alternating current in the solenoid for the demagnetization mode. Results: the experiment showed that the values of the residual magnetization of the outer ring during the full cycle of its demagnetization in the horizontal plane on the UMDP-01 installation are higher than when it is demagnetized in the vertical plane. The vertical placement of the ring in the center of the solenoid allowed it to be demagnetized from the first time in position A with an incomplete demagnetization cycle. Practical significance: the article shows that the technology of demagnetization of bearing rings in the horizontal plane, as required by the operating manual 9402.00.000 RE, often leads to a violation of the requirements of regulatory documents in terms of permissible values of residual magnetization. Demagnetization of the outer rings in the vertical plane will lead to full satisfaction of the requirements of regulatory documents, increase the productivity of magnetic powder control in general by reducing the demagnetization cycle and simplifying technological transitions associated with the complexity of installing the object of control in the horizontal plane.