Beni-Suef University

• A multi-objective framework optimizes a hybrid PV-Wind-Hydrogen-Battery microgrid. • System design targets near-zero Loss of Power Supply Probability for EV charging. • Hybrid storage (Battery/H2) is proven essential for high reliability and resilience. • Comparative analysis reveals distinct optimal designs for Egypt and Turkey contexts. • Turkey achieves a lower LCOE ($0.0173/kWh) due to balanced wind and solar resources. The rapid electrification of transport demands EV charging stations supplied by clean, reliable power. This paper presents an optimal sizing framework for an off-grid hybrid renewable microgrid combining photovoltaic arrays, wind turbines, battery energy storage (BESS), and hydrogen energy storage (HESS) to achieve zero loss of power supply probability (LPSP = 0). A four-objective Indicator-Based Evolutionary Algorithm (IBEA) is used to minimize levelized cost of energy (LCOE), curtailment ratio (CR), and LPSP while maximizing renewable fraction (RF). The method is tested in two locations: Attaka, Suez Governorate (Egypt) and Yalova Province (Türkiye), quantifying how climate and finance affect sizing and cost. Türkiye attains a lower LCOE of $0.0173/kWh with RF = 53.03% and CR = 17.11%, versus Egypt's $0.0261/kWh, RF = 50.35%, and CR = 27.67%—a 51.3% cost advantage driven by balanced solar-wind resources and higher EV demand. Egypt requires substantially larger BESS capacity (227 units vs. 34) to manage solar variability due to its solar-dominant resource profile. Sensitivity analysis reveals that discount and inflation rates dominate LCOE variation (±18–23% impact), while wind speed and load demand drive operational performance (±15–18% impact). Critical break-even thresholds are 47.5–50% (Türkiye) and 27.75–30% (Egypt), indicating Egypt's greater financial fragility. All designs satisfy the strict zero-LPSP constraint (≤0.001%), confirming the effectiveness of coordinated battery–hydrogen storage for reliable, cost-effective EV charging across diverse climatic and economic contexts.

This study investigated lacosamide (LCM), a third-generation antiepileptic drug, as a potential gonadoprotective agent against cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced testicular injury. The research addressed the critical need for safer antiepileptic alternatives in cancer patients requiring concurrent chemotherapy and seizure control. Male Wistar rats underwent comprehensive biochemical and histopathological analyses including Western blot, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, steroidogenic enzyme activity assessments, sexual hormone measurements, sperm quality evaluations, and molecular docking studies to evaluate LCM's protective mechanisms against CP-induced testicular damage. CP administration significantly elevated oxidative stress markers, pro-inflammatory mediators (Nuclear factor kappa B [NF-κB], Tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], Interleukin-6 [IL-6], Interleukin-1β [IL-1β]), and apoptotic signaling (Bcl-2-associated x protein [Bax], caspase-3), while activating regulatory proteins c-jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) and Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT-3) (identified as novel markers in CP-induced testicular injury). CP suppressed antioxidant defenses, steroidogenic factors (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein [StAR], 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase [3β-HSD], 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase [17β-HSD]), Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) expression, and androgen receptor (AR) functionality, resulting in decreased testosterone, gonadotropin levels, and compromised spermatogenesis. LCM treatment effectively mitigated these deleterious effects through multi-target protective mechanisms including c-jun N-terminal kinase 1(JNK1)-mediated apoptosis inhibition, HO-1 upregulation, IL-6/ signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT-3) signaling suppression, prevention of p-JNK1/STAT-3 crosstalk, and AR preservation. This study establishes LCM's multi-target protective efficacy, supporting its potential as a safer antiepileptic alternative providing dual benefits of seizure control and reproductive preservation during chemotherapy.

Purpose This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of laser therapy and motor control training in patients with lumbar disc prolapse and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Material and methods In this randomized controlled trial, 60 male and female patients with lumbar disc prolapse and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, aged 45 to 77, were randomly assigned to two equal-sized intervention groups: Group A and Group B. While Group A only received Low-Level Laser treatment, Group B received both Low-Level Laser and Motor Control Exercises. Primary outcome measures, including pain intensity via the visual analog scale, measurements of lumbar spine range of motion via tape measure, and measurement of functional ability via the Oswestry lower back pain questionnaire, were assessed prior to administering the intervention and at four weeks post-treatment. Outcome measures were collected at both pre and post-intervention. Results The current study employed a two-way mixed model multivariate analysis of variance to scrutinize the therapeutic outcomes. The findings reported that participants who underwent Low-Level Laser treatment exhibited a statistically significant enhancement in their visual analog scale, extension, and Oswestry lower back pain questionnaire scores (with P-values of 0.001, 0.001, and 0.001, respectively). Regrettably, no significant improvement was observed in flexion, right side bend, or left side bend post-intervention (with P-values of 0.326, 0.326, and 0.264, respectively). In contrast, the cohort that received adjunct Low-Level Laser and Motor Control Exercises showed a substantial improvement in visual analog scale scores, flexion, extension, right side bend, left side bend, and Oswestry lower back pain questionnaire (with P-values of <0.001 in all comparisons). Conclusions Low-level laser therapy and Motor Control Exercises frequently relieve pain, increase the lumbar spine's active range of motion, and improve functional ability in patients with low back pain.

Purpose and Design: This study examines the interplay between fair value measurement, earnings management, and risk disclosure within financial leasing. By comparing evidence from emerging and developed markets, the research highlights how institutional settings shape reporting practices and transparency. Methods and Approach: A mixed-method design is employed, combining archival data analysis of leasing disclosures from listed firms in Egypt and the United States with econometric testing. The study evaluates fair value measurement reliability, the extent of earnings management, and the quality of risk disclosure (RDQ). Comparative analysis captures both cross-country differences and convergences. Findings: Results reveal significant disparities: emerging market firms tend to exploit fair value discretion for earnings smoothing, while developed market firms demonstrate stronger governance and risk disclosure practices. However, evidence also shows a gradual convergence driven by IFRS adoption and regulatory enforcement. Originality and Value: This research provides novel evidence by integrating three critical dimensions—fair value, earnings management, and risk disclosure—into the context of financial leasing. It addresses a gap in cross-country accounting literature, offering insights relevant to regulators, standard-setters, and practitioners. Theoretical, Practical, Economic and Social Implications: Theoretically, the study enriches debates on the role of fair value and institutional quality. Practically, it informs auditors and preparers on disclosure best practices. Economically, it highlights the potential of enhanced transparency to lower capital costs and attract investment. Socially, it strengthens trust in financial reporting and supports sustainable market development.

Head and neck cancer patients often receive systemic cisplatin chemotherapy, which is effective but limited by severe toxicity and poor tumor selectivity. An injectable, biodegradable polyanhydride polymer derived from sebacic acid (SA) and ricinoleic acid (RA) was investigated as a localized carrier for cisplatin to improve its safety and efficacy.Cisplatin was loaded into a poly(SA-RA) polymer at 1% and 10% (w/w) concentrations. The 10% formulation ("TumoCure") was evaluated for safety and pharmacokinetics via subcutaneous administration in rats and intramuscular administration in pigs. Efficacy was assessed using a diluted 1% cisplatin formulation, administered intratumorally in a FaDu human head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma xenograft model in mice.In vitro studies demonstrated sustained cisplatin release from the polymer over several weeks, a release profile that correlated well with in vivo kinetics and followed an apparent first-order pattern. In the mouse tumor model, intratumoral injection of the 1% polymer-cisplatin formulation produced dose-dependent tumor growth inhibition with prolonged local drug activity. In contrast, systemic cisplatin administration resulted in early tumor regrowth and significant toxicity. The polymer-based treatment caused no observable systemic toxicity or weight loss, with only localized, transient tissue reactions noted at the injection sites.The cisplatin-loaded poly(SA-RA) matrix provides controlled release and enhanced local efficacy in head and neck tumor models, with minimal systemic side effects supported by a tenfold reduction in systemic drug exposure. These results support the potential of this injectable, biodegradable polymer formulation as a safer and more effective alternative to systemic cisplatin for patients with locally advanced head and neck carcinoma, particularly those who are unfit for or have contraindications to systemic chemotherapy.