Bhatia Hospital

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing reproductive medicine by enhancing fertility treatments, childbirth monitoring, and postnatal care. AI-driven technologies, including machine learning (ML), natural language processing (NLP), and robotic-assisted surgery, improve diagnostic accuracy, optimize treatment plans, and support clinical decision-making in assisted reproductive technology (ART). While AI has demonstrated significant potential, challenges such as ethical concerns, data privacy risks, algorithmic biases, and regulatory uncertainties remain critical barriers to widespread adoption in reproductive healthcare. This chapter explores the role, advancements, and challenges of AI in reproductive medicine, highlighting its impact on fertility, pregnancy, and postnatal care. A comprehensive analysis of AI applications in reproductive healthcare, including embryo selection, sperm and oocyte quality assessment, ovulation tracking, prenatal diagnostics, labor monitoring, and postpartum depression detection. AI aids in early detection of obstetric complications, optimizes neonatal care in intensive care units (NICUs), and enhances fertility treatments through predictive analytics. AI-driven virtual assistants support maternal health, while machine learning-based tools improve diagnostic precision and clinical decision-making. Addressing ethical and regulatory concerns is essential for equitable AI integration in reproductive medicine. Future advancements require interdisciplinary collaboration, standardized validation through randomized controlled trials, and responsible AI deployment to enhance patient outcomes while maintaining clinical expertise and ethical integrity.

BackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a significant public health concern, and inhalation therapy is a critical component of its management. However, using an inhaler is challenging, especially for patients with COPD, who are often elderly and experience reduced dexterity, visual and cognitive impairment, and difficulty synchronizing inhalation with dose actuation. Synchrobreathe® is an easy-to-use, breath-actuated inhaler that releases medication during inhalation, addressing these challenges. Although its use in asthma is well documented, evidence in COPD is limited.MethodsThis prospective, multicenter, observational study carried out during August 2021 and August 2022 evaluated the clinical outcomes of the budesonide/formoterol combination (BUD/FORM) delivered through Synchrobreathe® in patients with COPD in India. The primary endpoint was disease control, that is, change from baseline in COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score at 12 weeks. Secondary endpoints included changes in CAT and modified Borg Dyspnea Scale (mBDS) scores and device usability. Adverse events were monitored over 12 weeks.ResultsIn the study population (N = 250), significant reductions from baseline were observed in mean CAT (−6.56 ± 0.33; p < 0.001) and mBDS (−1.60 ± 0.09; p < 0.0001) scores at 12 weeks. Almost all (98%) patients were satisfied with Synchrobreathe® and preferred it over their previous inhalers. No significant adverse events were reported.ConclusionBUD/FORM delivered through Synchrobreathe® significantly improved CAT and mBDS scores, with no reported serious adverse events in patients with COPD. Its simple usage makes it an effective option for this patient population.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40801-025-00522-w.

Liposomal drug delivery systems have been developed as a potential favourite to ameliorate the dermal delivery of the anti-aging substances because they are biocompatible, have the capacity to bind both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs and possess the ability to boost targeted treatments. In this work the systematic study was done to optimize liposomal formulations against skin penetration by application of Design of Experiments (DoE) approach. The factorial design was used to optimize various formulation parameters such as phospholipid concentration, cholesterol content and hydration time and their influence on the effect on vesicle size, entrapment efficiency and in-vitro skin penetration established. The statistical analysis indicated there was important interaction among the variables and therefore optimal formulation was defined using the technique and it performed better in terms of skin permeation behavior. The findings indicate the effectiveness of the DoE strategy in the development of formulation and the potential of optimized liposomes as a delivery vehicle to anti-aging products.

Superficial skin infections are a prevalent and are a significant challenge in surgical practice, particularly in India, where high surgical volumes and a high prevalence of comorbidities elevate the risk of infection. The use of topical antibiotics is a widely known strategy for preventing and managing superficial skin infections, yet the rise of antibiotic resistance demands innovative solutions. Based on the clinical evidence, epidemiology of superficial skin infections in surgical practice, risk factors, and panel discussion, this expert opinion aims to guide clinicians to optimize the use of ozenoxacin in surgical practice. The role of ozenoxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has been explored as an effective topical antibiotic for the treatment of superficial skin infection seen in surgical practice such as cellulitis, erysipelas, impetigo, ecthyma, folliculitis, furuncles, carbuncles, abscesses, and infections related to minor trauma. The article highlights ozenoxacin’ s mechanism of action, its broader antimicrobial coverage against gram-positive pathogens, and its potential advantages over older topical antibiotics.

Accurate tree counting in plantations is essential for effective management and resource allocation, yet traditional manual digitization methods are labor-intensive and time-consuming. This study presents an innovative approach to automate tree counting in oil palm plantations using UAV/drone orthophoto imagery and the Faster R- CNN algorithm implemented in Python. High-resolution images were captured using UAVs and pre-processed for clarity. The Faster R-CNN model was trained on annotated images with manually labeled bounding boxes. Leveraging a two-stage pipeline, the model generates region proposals and classifies objects within them. Performance evaluation using precision, recall, and Intersection over Union (IoU) metrics demonstrated the model's high accuracy, achieving an average precision (AP) of 75% and an average recall (AR) of 44%. The automated process significantly reduces labor costs and time compared to traditional methods. This study highlights the effectiveness of integrating UAV technology with machine learning for agricultural applications, providing a scalable solution adaptable to various plantations and tree species.

Many among us and some students have a personal idiosyncrasy to remember eponyms in clinical medicine and other subjects such as signs, tests, phenomena, and rules named after a person who originally described them. However, it is not always necessary as long as one knows what they mean. Józef Brudziński's name is given to four eponymous medical signs associated with reflexes observed in meningeal irritation along with Kernig's sign.

Abstract Study question Does laparoscopic radical excision of deep endometriosis (DE) and endometrioma enucleation impact fertility outcomes and recurrence rates when compared to partial excision group? Summary answer In stage IV endometriosis, laparoscopic radical surgery significantly reduced the recurrence rates.The laparoscopic radical excision group tended to have a higher rate of natural conception. What is known already Endometriosis-related symptoms can be significantly improved through surgery, leading to better pregnancy rates. However, the optimal surgical approach can vary due to the complexity of DE. As a result, the recurrence of postoperative symptoms and pregnancy rates can differ due to the lack of randomized trials comparing primary surgery with first-line IVF studies. Thus, the ESHRE stated that there was no evidence supporting surgical management of DE prior to ART to improve pregnancy rates. However, the higher probability of postoperative spontaneous conception in patients undergoing radical resection versus conservative treatment of DE has been reported. Study design, size, duration study design: Retrospective cohort study in a tertiary referral center. size: 77 patients diagnosed with moderate or severe endometriosis and DE. duration: between 2018 and 2020 Participants/materials, setting, methods 77 patients underwent laparoscopic surgery for dysmenorrhea or infertility. Group 1 (n = 22) underwent conservative treatment through partial excision of endometriosis, indicating incomplete resection. Group 2 (n = 55) underwent radical excision of endometriosis and restoration of pelvic anatomy, indicating complete resection. We compared the baseline characteristics, peri-operative data, and follow-up outcomes, aiming to investigate whether radical excision yields superior results in terms of recurrence rate, re-intervention, and pregnancy rate. Main results and the role of chance Main results: Group 2 showed significantly higher surgical complexity with higher revised American Fertility Society classification scores, a greater proportion of severe endometriosis, multiple sites with endometriotic lesions, and longer operation times. Both groups had comparable pregnancy, recurrence, and re-intervention outcomes during the follow-up period of 28.2±16.4 months. While Group 2 tended to have a higher pregnancy rate (84% versus 67%, p = 0.56) and higher live birth rates (80% versus 67%, p = 0.59) when compared with group 1. In the population with stage IV endometriosis, group 2 significantly reduced the recurrence rates (9% versus 50%, p = 0.04) when compared to group 1. Conclusions: The group that underwent laparoscopic endometrioma enucleation with radical excision of extra-ovarian endometriosis exhibited significantly higher surgical complexity. In the population with stage IV endometriosis, radical surgery significantly reduced the recurrence rates. Surgical excision of ovarian endometriosis and extra-ovarian disease is advisable to limit disease progression and ensure complete symptom resolution. Additionally, the laparoscopic radical excision group tended to have a higher rate of natural conception, indicating potential benefits for fertility in patients who have moderate and severe endometriosis with DE. Limitations, reasons for caution The main limitations were the small sample size and recall bias. But, additionally, the limited cases in the research group might have influenced the results and restricted the extrapolation of related conclusions. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed in the future. Wider implications of the findings We believe that a standardized surgical technique outlining a step-by-step method to delineate all important structures and address altered planes as in endometriosis, with the aim of restoring normal pelvic anatomy, ensures the avoidance of high complication rates, leads to lower recurrence rates and positive impact on fertility outcomes. Trial registration number not applicable