Bienestar

Across the United Sates, Latino men who have sex with men (LMSM) face disproportionately high HIV risk. Although pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) effectively reduces HIV risk, numerous barriers limit PrEP access among LMSM. Culturally tailored public health campaigns provide one potential strategy for increasing access, awareness, and use of PrEP, including the newest long-acting injectable PrEP (LAI PrEP) formulations. The purpose of the study was to develop community-informed recommendations for a culturally responsive LAI PrEP awareness campaign designed for LMSM. Between June 2023 to March 2024, thirty LMSM participated in four virtual focus groups conducted in Los Angeles, CA. LMSM were recruited through a larger LMSM-centered HIV prevention intervention. In the focus groups, participants shared their perspectives on campaign messaging, imagery, tone, and accessibility. Coding reliability thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Findings suggest that a LAI PrEP campaign for LMSM should: provide basic information about the strategy; highlight its benefits; incorporate humorous and sex-positive messaging or imagery; communicate the seriousness of HIV without stigmatizing, blaming, or scaring LMSM; incorporate important Latine cultural values; and include Latine celebrities, public figures, and everyday individuals as messengers. In addition, there were mixed opinions regarding the use of a syringe in the imagery, with some participants advocating against its use to avoid fear- and pain-based associations with injections. Finally, participants believed that a LAI PrEP campaign should be made accessible to LMSM by providing materials in both English and Spanish and placing physical advertisements in neighborhoods predominately occupied by Latine people. Our findings offer several practical recommendations for developing a LAI PrEP awareness campaign for LMSM that can be used by health departments, community-based organizations, and others. Incorporating community insights is crucial to ensure that a campaign resonates with and meets the needs of the LMSM community.

Introducción: para el año 2023, se registraron 36 contextos de conflicto armado y en su mayoría conflictos intraestatales con dinámicas regionales y nacionales, la cifra más alta desde 2014, lo que sugiere la necesidad de modelos de paz que se adapten a las particularidades de cada conflictividad. La paz liberal, impulsada tras la Guerra Fría, se basa en la implementación de instituciones democráticas y economías de mercado, pero ha sido criticada por su enfoque perceptivo y su incapacidad para adaptarse a las realidades locales. A su vez, la paz militar se sustenta en la estabilización inmediata a través de intervenciones militares, pero también ha sido cuestionada por perpetuar el conflicto al no abordar sus causas subyacentes. Objetivo: en ese sentido, el presente artículo examina la transición de la paz liberal a la paz militar en el contexto actual, abordando las limitaciones inherentes a ambas aproximaciones de paz. La investigación emplea un enfoque decolonial para argumentar que ambos modelos perpetúan estructuras de dominación y subalternidad. Metodología: la metodología empleada combina la revisión bibliográfica y el análisis crítico. Conclusiones: la transición de la paz liberal a la paz militar evidencia limitaciones al ignorar dinámicas locales. Superarlas exige integrar epistemologías locales y estrategias comprensivas para construir procesos de paz legítimos, sostenibles y emancipadores.

Aunque la hacienda pública, entendida como una organización de la actividad financiera del sector público, en su doble vertiente de ingresos y gastos, se puede considerar tan antigua como los primeros estados organizados, se había orientado inicialmente al desarrollo y financiación de actividades relativas a la seguridad exterior, al orden interno, al sistema de justicia y a los gastos relativos al mantenimiento de la jefatura del estado. Fue necesario esperar a finales del siglo XIX, y con mayor precisión, a la etapa entre las dos guerras mundiales (fundamentalmente a finales de la última) para que hiciera su aparición el Welfare State, el estado del bienestar, tal y como lo conocemos en nuestros días. La intervención estatal ha sido especialmente relevante en: las pensiones y transferencias públicas; los servicios públicos en sanidad; la educación y otras cuestiones sociales; las normas de protección de trabajadores; los consumidores y ciudadanos en general; y las políticas orientadas a incentivar la creación y el acceso al empleo, tanto público como privado.

Este capítulo discute las tendencias hidroclimáticas observadas y también las proyecciones del clima futuro en la Amazonía. El calentamiento sobre esta región es un hecho, pero la magnitud de la tendencia del calentamiento varía según el conjunto de datos y la duración del periodo utilizados. La tendencia al calentamiento ha sido más evidente a partir de 1980 y se ha intensificado aún más desde 2000. Se evalúan las tendencias a largo plazo en el clima y la hidrología.

Este capítulo discutirá los impactos observados y pronosticados del cambio climático en los ecosistemas terrestres y acuáticos amazónicos. Nos centraremos en los impactos sobre la biodiversidad, los servicios ecosistémicos, el ciclo del carbono, la pesca y las emisiones de quema de biomasa.

HIV disproportionately affects Latinos versus Whites, with Latinos having higher rates of HIV. Additionally, many HIV-positive Latinos are unaware of their infection. Proyecto Protégete, an HIV prevention intervention developed for Latino men who have sex with men (MSM), used social and sexual networking mobile applications (apps) to recruit individuals for HIV testing and linkage to medical care and prevention services. This study occurred in Los Angeles County, California, USA from December 18, 2015 to April 22, 2017. The study’s primary aim was to assess Proyecto Protégete‘s ability to successfully recruit Latino MSM involved in high-risk sexual activities. A secondary aim was to evaluate its capacity to promote HIV testing and linkage to HIV medical care and prevention services among this population by comparing it to two programs with similar samples. Comparisons using Fisher’s Exact Test were conducted between Proyecto Protégete and the HIV testing program of the agency in which Proyecto Protégete was located and the County-funded HIV testing programs to compare the samples’ rates of HIV-positive Latino MSM identified through HIV testing and linked to HIV medical care and prevention services. Participants were recruited through seven apps. In Proyecto Protégete, 9,573 individuals completed the screener, 4,657 were eligible, and 359 (7.7% of those eligible) enrolled. Among those enrolled, 79% reported anal sex without a condom in the previous twelve months; 51% reported anal sex under the influence of alcohol. The HIV positivity rates were as follows: Proyecto Protégete, 1.71%; the agency, 1.25% (p = .293, compared to Proyecto Protégete); and the County, 1.09% (p = .172, compared to Proyecto Protégete). The rates of those confirmed as new HIV-positives and linked to medical care within 30 days were as follows: Proyecto Protégete, 71.4%; the agency, 81.5% (p = .450, compared to Proyecto Protégete); and the County, 77.3% (p = .503, compared to Proyecto Protégete). Proyecto Protégete had a higher rate of linked referrals to prevention services than the agency’s testing program (19.5% versus 8.3%, p < .001). Proyecto Protégete experienced successes in some areas but not in others. Future research should build on Proyecto Protégete’s experiences to promote HIV-related services among Latino MSM.

El objetivo de la presente investigación tiene como finalidad analizar en qué medida la Inclusión Financiera influye en el Bienestar Económico en los comerciantes del mercado Las Lomas, distrito Villa El Salvador, Lima. A partir del objetivo descrito se realizó un análisis con diseño no experimental de tipo aplicativo, nivel correlacional entre las variables con un enfoque cuantitativo y método hipotético deductivo basado en la aplicación del cuestionario de escala Likert, con una muestra probabilística de 114 comerciantes del mercado. Los resultados evidencian que existe un nivel de correlación significativa positiva de 78,3% entre las variables Inclusión Financiera y Bienestar Económico, es decir, que las dimensiones estudiadas: Acceso, Uso y Calidad que explican a La Inclusión Financiera influyen significativamente en el Bienestar Económico en los comerciantes del mercado de estudio, esto se debe a un adecuado uso de los Servicios Financieros de Calidad que les permite invertir en sus negocios y seguir creciendo económicamente.

To determine how weekly text messages and small incentives impact HIV knowledge and frequency of HIV testing among Latinx sexual minority men (LSMM) and transgender women (LTGW). Prospectively randomized participants into 2 intervention arms compared with a nonrandomized comparison group. Bienestar, a primarily Latinx focused HIV service provider located across Los Angeles County. Two hundred eighteen participants self-identifying as LSMM or LTGW, HIV negative, having regular mobile phone access, ≥18 years, and fluent in English or Spanish. The "information only" (IO) group received text messages with HIV prevention information. The "information plus" (IP) group additionally could win incentives by answering weekly quiz questions correctly and testing for HIV once every 3 months. We followed participants for 12 months. HIV knowledge and frequency of HIV testing. We found no effect on HIV knowledge in the IO group but a statistically significant improvement in the IP group (79.2%-88.1%; P = 0.007). The frequency of HIV testing was higher in both intervention groups relative to the comparison group: On average, 22.0% of IO participants and 24.9% of IP participants tested at a Bienestar site within a given 3-month period, compared with 13.0% in the comparison group. This represents unadjusted relative risk ratios of 1.69 for the IO group (95% CI: 1.25 to 2.1; P < 0.01) and 1.91 for the IP group (95% CI: 1.51 to 2.31; P < 0.01), respectively. This study demonstrates that a simple, low-cost intervention may help increase HIV testing frequency among LSMM and LTGW, 2 groups at high HIV risk.

Uptake of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among Latino men who have sex with men (LMSM) remains low. We examined awareness, accessibility, acceptability and use of PrEP among LMSM. LMSM were recruited using social/sexual networking apps. Multiple Logistic regressions identified significant predictors of PrEP awareness, accessibility and acceptability. Among 276 participants, only 6% reported current PrEP use. Among non-PrEP users, 85% reported PrEP awareness, 71% indicated high likelihood of future PrEP use, but only 35% reported knowledge about accessing PrEP. In multiple logistic regressions, a lower likelihood of PrEP awareness was associated with lower level education, whereas a higher likelihood was associated with reporting 6-10 or over 10 sexual partners. A lower likelihood of PrEP accessibility was associated with lower level education and undocumented status. A lower likelihood of PrEP acceptability was associated with an income of $15,001-30,000, whereas a higher likelihood was associated with lower level education and reporting 6-10 or over 10 sexual partners. PrEP promotion targeting Latino MSM should be expanded for those with lower levels of education and those who are undocumented.